Deep thoughts of land utilization about the rarely severe flooding disaster along the middle and lower reaches of the Changjiang River in 1998

Duringthefloodperiodof1998,someregionsofChinasufferedseriousfloodingandwaterlogging.EspeciallyintheChangjiangRiver,thewholebasinfloodonceemergedin1954occurredagain,andthemostseverefloodinthehistoryalsoemergedintheSonghuaRiverandtheNenjiangRiver,whicharousedmuchattentionacrossthewholecountry.Accordingtoincompletestatistics,till22ndofAugust,29provinces,autonomousregionsandmunicipalitieshadbeenaffectedbythefloodsinvaryingdegrees.ZI.2millionhaoflandwereinundated,223millionPeOPlewereaffeCted,3…     

Comparison of HTC method and UV/persulphate method to determine colloidal organic carbon in seawater

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Nd3+ :Gd3 Sc2 Al3 O12 晶场能级及拟合

Nd³⁺ :GSAG是性能优良的942 nm激光晶体.用提拉法成功生长Nd³⁺ :GSAG单晶,研究其室温透射光谱,辨认位置高达29967 cm^-1的68个Nd³⁺晶场能级.对这些能级拟合了自由离子及晶场Hamilton参量,拟合标准偏差为16.7 cm^-1,表明实验与计算能级符合很好.获得的Hamilton参量可用于计算Nd³⁺ :GSAG中Nd³⁺的     

Impact of the displacement damage in channel and source/drain regions on the DC characteristics degradation in deep-submicron MOSFETs after heavy ion irradiation

This paper mainly reports the permanent impact of displacement damage induced by heavy-ion strikes on the deep-submicron MOSFETs. Upon the heavy ion track through the device, it can lead to displacement damage, including the vacancies and the interstitials. As the featured size of device scales down, the damage can change the dopant distribution in the channel and source/drain regions through the generation of radiation-induced defects and thus have significant impacts on their electrical characteristics. The measured results show that the radiation-induced damage can cause DC characteristics degradations including the threshold voltage, subthreshold swing, saturation drain current, transconductance, etc. The radiation-induced displacement damage may become the dominant issue while it was the secondary concern for the traditional devices after the heavy ion irradiation. The samples are also irradiated by Co-60 gamma ray for comparison with the heavy ion irradiation results. Corresponding explanations and analysis are discussed.     

压裂防砂技术在南堡35—2油田大斜度井的应用

南堡35—2油田明化镇组储层为中高孔、中高渗疏松砂岩稠油油藏,需要压裂防砂来实现增产和防砂。根据端部脱砂压裂的原理,并结合南堡35—2油田A16井明化镇组储层特点,优选出适合该井压裂防砂的清洁压裂液、支撑剂和工具,针对井斜大的特点优化了压裂防砂工艺,采用一趟管柱对明化镇1油组和0油组成功进行了压裂防砂施工。压后油井产液量提高明显,且不出砂,证明压裂防砂达到了增产和防砂的双重作用,是开发疏松砂岩稠油油藏的一项进攻性措施。     

测井多尺度分析方法用于准层序自动划分研究

多尺度分析方法实现了信号分析的时频局部化,是测井数据时频分析与地质解释恰当的数学工具.测井资料作为地层岩性、物性的反映,其中必然蕴含了大量与沉积地层旋回变化有关的信息.以胜坨油田某井为例,采用db4最佳小波基分别对自然伽马、自然电位和声波等测井曲线进行了多尺度分析,将一维测井数据拓展为二维深度-尺度空间,提取小波变换系数的时频色谱信息和能量信息,从而确定出测井曲线识别准层序界面的最佳尺度.依据最佳尺度下的小波系数幅度振荡特征和时频色谱信息实现了对准层序界面的自动划分,与传统方法所划分的界面基本一致.这些探索为层序地层的定量划分提供了一种新的思路.     

黄河流域城市化与生态系统服务价值协调性及障碍因素研究

关注生态系统服务价值(Ecosystem service value,ESV)与城市化耦合协调互动关系,对黄河流域高质量发展大有裨益。文章运用熵权法、耦合协调模型、空间自相关模型,障碍度模型分析了城市化与ESV的耦合协调关系及主导障碍因素。结果表明:(1)1995—2018年,黄河流域ESV发生了很大的改善,整体增加了33.05×10⁹元,且以调节服务为主导,草地、林地、耕地服务价值对总ESV贡献率较高。单位面积生态系统服务价值(PE)呈现南高北低、中游高上下游低的空间格局。(2)PE与城市化耦合协调度(Coupling coordination degree,CCD)逐渐改善,轻度耦合协调增加了27.12%,严重失调类型减少了45.46%,耦合亚型从城市化滞后型转变为ESV滞后型;从空间上看,CCD呈现南高北低、中游优于上游和下游的空间格局,协调度具有显著的空间正相关性,存在明显的高-高和低-低集聚特征,高-高集聚区主要分布在ESV高且城市化水平相对较高的中游和下游地区,低-低集聚区主要分布在ESV较低的上游地区。(3)1995—2018年主导障碍因素未发生明显...     

镇江下蜀土剖面的化学风化强度与元素迁移特征

对镇江下蜀土剖面的化学风化强度及元素迁移特征进行了研究, 结合与黄土高原第四纪黄土、古土壤、晚第三纪红粘土以及安徽宣城风成红土等典型风成堆积剖面的对比分析, 得出如下结论: (1) 镇江下蜀土剖面经历了中等强度的化学风化, 明显强于洛川黄土以及古土壤, 显著弱于宣城风成红土, 而与西峰晚第三纪红粘土非常接近。下蜀土的化学风化过程及 其与其他风成堆积剖面风化强度的差异主要受气候条件的控制, 气候条件通过年平均温度和年降水量对化学风化的地球化学环境起重要的影响, 其中降水因素在化学风化过程中可能起着更为重要的制约作用。(2) 镇江下蜀土剖面风化过程中, 绝大部分常量元素的地球化学行为 表现为迁移淋失, 仅Fe 和Ti 轻微富集, 元素的活动性由强至弱依次为: P > Na > Ca > Mg > K > Fe²⁺ > Si > Mn > Al > Ti > Fe³⁺; 常量元素的迁移特征揭示下蜀土的化学风化已经完成初级阶段的去Ca、Na 过程, 并初步进入到去K 风化的中级阶段; 微量元素除Sr、Ga 迁移淋 失外, Th、Ba、Cu、Zn、Co、Ni、Cr、V 等均表现出富集特征, 这可能与下蜀土风化成壤过 程中的生物地球化学过程以及粘粒、有机质对微量元素的吸附作用有关。(3) 元素迁移在剖面 中的变化特征揭示, 在0.24 Ma 之前的中更新世早、中期, 该区气候较为暖湿, 兼有干湿交替的特征; 中更新世晚期气候偏干凉, 风化淋溶最弱; 至晚更新世早期则又出现一段明显暖湿的成壤时期, 形成下蜀土剖面中的S1 古土壤层。总之, 中更新世以来本区气候整体上向干凉的方向发展。     

Seismic imaging of gas hydrates in the northernmost South China sea

Horizon velocity analysis and pre-stack depth migration of seismic profiles collected by R/V Maurice Ewing in 1995 across the accretionary prism off SW Taiwan and along the continental slope of the northernmost South China Sea were implemented for identifying gas hydrates. Similarly, a survey of 32 ocean-bottom seismometers (OBS), with a spacing of about 500 m, was conducted for exploring gas hydrates on the accretionary prism off SW Taiwan in April 2006. Travel times of head wave, refraction, reflection and converted shear wave identified from the hydrophone, vertical and horizontal components of these OBS data were applied for imaging P-wave velocity and Poisson’s ratio of hydrate-bearing sediments. In the accretionary prism off SW Taiwan, we found hydrate-bearing sediment, with a thickness of about 100–200 m, a relatively high P-wave velocity of 1.87–2.04 km/s and a relatively low Poisson’s ratio of 0.445–0.455, below anticlinal ridges near imbricate emergent thrusts in the drainage system of the Penghu and Kaoping Canyons. Free-gas layer, with a thickness of about 30–120 m, a relatively low P-wave velocity of 1.4–1.8 km/s and a relatively high Poisson’s ratio (0.47–0.48), was also observed below most of the bottom-simulating reflectors (BSR). Subsequently, based on rock physics of the three-phase effective medium, we evaluated the hydrate saturation of about 12–30% and the free-gas saturation of about 1–4%. The highest saturation (30% and 4%) of gas hydrates is found below anticlines due to N–S trending thrust-bounded folds and NE-SW thrusting and strike-slip ramps in the lower slope of the accretionary prism. We suggest that fluid may have migrated through the relay-fault array due to decollement folding and gas hydrates have been trapped in anticlines formed by the basement rises along the thrust faults. In contrast, in the rifted continental margin of the northernmost South China Sea, P-wave velocities of 1.9–2.2 km/s and 1.3–1.6 km/s, and thicknesses of about 50–200 m and 100–200 m, respectively, for a hydrate layer and a free-gas layer were imaged below the remnant and erosional ridges in the upper continental slope. High P-wave velocity of hydrate-bearing sediment below erosional ridges may also indicate high saturation of hydrates there. Normal faults due to rifting in the South China continental crust may have provided conduits for gas migration below the erosional ridges where P-wave velocity of hydrate-bearing sediment in the passive continental margin of the northernmost South China Sea is greater than that in the active accretionary prism off SW Taiwan.     

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