密西西比河流域监测、修复管理经验对我国流域生态保护修复的启示

美国流域保护修复的研究与实践开始较早,并在密西西比河的修复与治理上取得了良好成效,对我国流域生态保护修复工作具有一定借鉴意义。介绍了密西西比河的管理模式,并对美国在密西西比河开展的具有代表性的长期生态监测及修复管理工作进行了总结,总结了对我国流域生态保护修复工作的7点启示: ①建立和完善流域生态系统监测与评价指标体系; ②建立流域综合监测网络,进行全流域持续监测; ③建设流域生态信息平台,加强数据共享; ④以流域为单元开展生态状况调查和评估; ⑤建立和完善监测、评估、规划、实施循环体系; ⑥提升对流域生态系统的科学认知; ⑦加强流域协调治理,创新我国流域生态保护修复管理体系。旨在为我国广泛开展流域保护修复工作提供一个覆盖河源头至河口的流域监测与修复管理案例。     

河北北部四处温泉的水化学特征及成因分析

以河北北部承德地区的4处温泉,漠河沟温泉(A10)、三道营温泉(A11)、山湾子温泉(A12)和北大坝温泉(A13)为研究对象,根据2010年与2018年的温泉水样测试数据,分析温泉的水化学特征,并总结其成因模式。研究区出露地层主要有中新元古界、二叠系、三叠系、侏罗系、白垩系和新近系以及第四系,并伴随有大量侵入岩岩体。温泉的出露温度为36~75 ℃,pH值为7.2~8.2,TDS均小于1 g/L。研究区温泉阳离子均以Na⁺占绝对优势,毫克当量百分数在90%以上,阴离子主要以HC {\mathrm{O}}_3^{-}和S {\mathrm{O}}_4^{2-}为主,4处温泉的水化学类型分别为SO₄·HCO₃-Na型、HCO₃·SO₄-Na型、HCO₃-Na型和SO₄·HCO₃-Na型,且温泉的偏硅酸和F^-含量高。研究区温泉稀土元素总含量(∑REEs)为0.030~15.525 μg/L,主要以碳酸盐络合物和F的络合物形式存在;地下热水的稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分模式较为平缓,轻稀土元素略显富集。研究区温泉水补给主要源于大气降水,利用 SiO₂ 温标估算的温泉地下热储温度为85~125 ℃,地下热水经深循环后通过接触带、破碎带或导水断裂上升出露地表。     

Phytoplankton community dynamics during Alexandrium blooms in 2019 off the Qinhuangdao coast,Bohai Sea,China

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology - Alexandrium blooms in the northwest area of the Bohai Sea (Qinhuangdao coastal area), China, produce large amounts of toxins that could be enriched in...     

Gottfried Konecny:our best friend in photogrammetry and remote sensing of China

Preface Lebenslauf Prof.Dr.-Ing.mult Gottfried Konecny is one of the most respected names in photogrammetry.He is an Honorary Member of International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing(ISPRS),Honorary Professor of Wuhan Technical University of Surveying and Mapping,and our best friend.     

南海及邻域新构造运动基本特征

本文根据南海及邻域的岩石圈动力学环境，把新构造类型划分为离散型、聚敛型、平移型和滑动型。依据构造不整合、地层缺失、断裂、变形、变质及火山活动等构造事件，提出本区新构造始于晚渐新世的新认识，详细分析了本区新构造运动的脉动性及造陆、造山、造海、造盆等性质，并对其构造演化与动力学模型进行初步的探讨。     

海洋牧场价值链创新机制案例研究

烟台是传统的海洋经济大市,海洋牧场是海洋经济发展的基本单位。新一代海工装备发展为海洋牧场价值链创新提供条件和基础,研究探索价值链创新机制对提升烟台海洋牧场竞争优势具有重要意义。文章选取烟台地区2个典型海洋牧场为研究对象,通过实地访谈、参观以及相关网页获取调查资料,采用“扎根理论”质性研究方法,对资料进行编码和理论饱和度检验,得到刻画价值链创新机制的逻辑框架。运用该框架对双案例进行分析得到结论：案例牧场价值链创新由内、外部条件共同触发;创新知识来源于企业内外部技术知识或管理知识,且往往是内外部知识融合的结果;新知识有机融入价值链活动,形成新产品、新流程,实现价值链创新;价值链创新产生经济效果、社会效果和生态效果。     

Identification of flood seasonality using an entropy-based method

Identifying flood seasonality is critical in hydrologic applications as well as water resources management. We develop an entropy-based method (EBM) for identifying flood seasonality and partitioning the entire flood season into multiple sub-seasons. The performance of the proposed EBM is evaluated using a Monte Carlo simulation test and compared with current methods. The Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) basin in the Yangtze River is selected as a case study to test the applicability of the proposed method. Results of Monte Carlo simulation test demonstrate that the EBM performs better than the probability change-point method and the improved relative frequency method with less bias and higher efficiency. The case study results illustrate that the EBM can appropriately divide the entire flood season of the TGR into pre-flood season (from June 1st to June 20th), main-flood season (from June 21th to September 10th) and post-flood season (from September 11th to September 30th). The flood limited water levels (FLWL) in these three sub-seasons can then be derived, which are 150 m, 145 m and 149 m, respectively. Compared with conventional operation rule, the seasonal FLWL scheme can generate more hydropower (0.93 billion KWh) annually with a reliability of 99.86%. Therefore, it is meaningful to divide the entire flood season into three sub-seasons and apply seasonal FLWL for TGR operation.     

Rapid improvement of PM_(2.5) pollution and associated health benefits in China during 2013–2017

Exposure to fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5)) is known to harm public health.In China,after implementation of aggressive emissions control measures under the Action Plan of Air Pollution Prevention and Control(2013-2017),air quality has significantly improved.In this work,we investigated changes in PM_(2.5) exposure and the associated health impacts in China for the period 2013-2017.We used an optimal estimator of PM_(2.5) combining in-situ observations,satellite measurements,and simulations from a chemical transport model to derive the spatial and temporal variations in PM_(2.5) exposure,and then used welldeveloped exposure-response functions to estimate the premature deaths attributable to PM_(2.5) exposure.We found that national population-weighed annual mean PM_(2.5) concentrations decreased from 67.4μgm~(-3) in 2013 to 45.5μgm~(-3) in 2017(32%reduction).This rapid decrease in PM_(2.5) pollution led to a 14% reduction in premature deaths due to long-term exposure.We estimated that,during 2013-2017,the premature deaths attributable to long-term PM_(2.5) exposure decreased from 1.2 million(95% CI:1.0,1.3;fraction of total mortality:13%) in 2013 to 1.0 million(95% CI:0.9,1.2;10%) in 2017.Despite the rapid decrease in annual mean PM_(2.5) concentrations,health benefits associated with reduced long-term exposure were limited,because for many cities,the PM_(2.5) levels remain at the portion where the exposure-response function is less steeper than that at the lowconcentration end.We also found that the deaths associated with acute exposure decreased by 61% during 2013-2017 due to rapid reduction in the number of heavily polluted days.Our results confirm that clean air policies in China have mitigated the air pollution crisis;however,continuous emissions reduction efforts are required to protect citizens from air pollution.     

机载LiDAR点云密度和插值方法对DEM及地表粗糙度精度影响分析

机载LiDAR点云是获取高质量数字高程模型(Digital Elevation Model, DEM)的主要数据源,而地表粗糙度作为DEM的主要派生产品,在地学研究中发挥了重要作用,但点云密度和插值方法对DEM及地表粗糙度精度影响程度并没有明确结论。为此,本文利用不同地形条件下的林区机载LiDAR点云为实验对象,将原始点云随机缩减为不同的采样密度,利用5种常用插值方法(克里金(Ordinary Kriging, OK),径向基函数(Radial Basis Function, RBF),不规则三角网(Triangulated Irregular Network, TIN),自然邻域(Natural Neighbor, NN)和反距离加权(Inverse Distance Weighting, IDW))构建各个测区不同采样密度条件下的DEM,并通过空间特征和统计特征两方面对DEM及其地表粗糙度精度分析。结果表明:(1) DEM插值算法的精度随点云密度缩减而降低,且数据量缩减至原始数据量的30%后,不同算法精度区别较为明显,其中,RBF和OK精度最优,IDW精度最低;(2) DEM误差与...     

THE PROCESS OF MAKING 3D VECTOR SCENOGRAPH OF ANCIENT BUILDING WITH LARGE QUANTITIES OF DATA

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