武夷地块中南平-宁化构造带南华纪弧火山岩属性及其对华夏板块多微地体拼合的启示

武夷地块中各地体的活动解析是认识华夏板块构造活动演化的窗口。南平-宁化构造带作为划分南武夷地体和北武夷地体的重要边界活动带,其构造属性对我们认识武夷地块中南、北武夷地体的构造演化具有重要意义。前人对南平-宁化构造带中变质火山岩类的研究和认识存在争议,限制了我们对南平-宁化构造带的构造属性的理解。因此,本文利用野外路线地质调查、年代学测定、同位素地球化学测试等手段,对该套变质火山岩做了重点研究,结合前人的研究成果,我们得到以下认识:南平-宁化构造带中的变质火山岩类主要形成于756～720 Ma,主要形成于活动大陆边缘或岛弧环境,表明南平-宁化构造带可能代表了南武夷地体和北武夷地体之间的一条南华纪的近东西向的岛弧火山活动带,结合带中构造变形反映的南北向对冲的汇聚极性,我们认为南武夷地体和北武夷地体之间在南华纪可能还存在洋-陆碰撞乃至陆-陆拼合过程,这也反映了多微地块、多期拼合过程可能更符合华夏板块大地构造演化的主旋律。     

闽西武夷山建宁—泰宁地区白垩纪火山-沉积序列:对华南东部晚中生代构造演化的制约

闽西武夷山建宁—泰宁地区发育2套白垩纪火山-沉积序列,构成2个火山-沉积旋回,每套序列由下部火山岩和上部沉积岩地层组成.锆石U-Pb年代学和地球化学分析显示,早期中酸性火山岩喷发时代为早白垩世141～135 Ma,具有陆缘火山弧的地球化学亲缘性,并富集Hf同位素(-20.2～1.9);而晚期火山岩活动集中在早、晚白垩世...     

四川盆地元坝地区上三叠统须家河组的潮控河口湾与潮控三角洲沉积

通过盆地边缘地表剖面,以及元坝区岩芯的研究,发现须家河组并非长期以来人们普遍认定的陆相沉积,而是海岸系统产物。须二段属潮控河口湾环境,包括冲积河道、潮汐—河流水道、UFR沙坪、潮汐沙坝、泥坪和盐沼等相。须四段属潮控三角洲环境,包括三角洲平原河道、分流河口潮汐沙坝、三角洲前缘与前三角洲、泥坪与盐沼等相。这两种环境（沉积）,都是海侵的产物,都是地史上的暂时现象。当其被充满时（海退）,就变为潮坪—海岸平原环境,分别对应于须三段、须五段的细粒含煤序列。基于储层质量与原始沉积环境密切相关,划分了5类储层相。根据我们研究安岳地区须家河组的成功经验,提出了勘探建议。     

柴达木盆地SG-1孔1.0Ma以来碳酸盐同位素记录的亚洲内陆干旱化及成因

亚洲内陆干旱区是连接赤道和中高纬地区的过渡地带,也是西风气候和季风气候的相互作用区,其形成演化与青藏高原的隆起和全球变化等因素密切相关.因此,揭示其干旱化过程和趋势具有重大的理论和现实意义.文章对来自柴达木盆地察汗斯拉图干盐湖的深钻SG-1孔沉积物进行了初步的碳酸盐碳氧同位素测试与分析,结果清晰地指示了柴达木盆地自1.0Ma以来的持续干旱化及约0.6Ma以来的加速干旱化过程,我们认为1.0Ma以来的持续干旱化可能是全球气候变化和构造活动共同作用的结果,而约0.6Ma以来的加速干旱化可能是昆黄运动所导致的高原北部强烈隆升和区域环流系统变化或强化所造成的.     

Characteristics of wind-blown sand in the region of the Crescent Moon Spring of Dunhuang, China

Based on the detailed wind data, this paper aims to investigate wind regime, drift potential and the movement of mega-dunes at the Crescent Moon Spring, an important scenic spot in western China and to clarify the dominant factors that control sand transport in this region. The results of this paper revealed that the dominant wind directions at the spring were NW and SW. The spring region belonged to a low-energy wind environment. The wind regime and sand drift potential were hugely influenced by local topography, and the regional atmospheric circulation intensified the complexity of their variations. Besides, the movement of the southern and northern mega-dune towards the spring greatly endangered the preservation of this scenic spot. These results provide insights into the characteristics of wind-blown sand at the Crescent Moon Spring that will guide efforts to control sand damages.     

Effects of sewage sludge and nitrogen fertilizer on herbage growth and soil fertility improvement in restoration of the abandoned opencast mining areas in Shanxi, China

A field trial was conducted to investigate the effects of application of sewage sludge and nitrogen fertilizer on herbage growth and fertility improvement of raw mixed-loess soils at the west waste dump of Antaibao surface mine (ATB) in Shanxi, China. Four indigenous species present in mining areas, including Kentucky bluegrass, Erect milkvetch, Alfalfa and Alfalfa–ryegrass mixture were selected as the herbaceous plants in the field trial. The results showed that applying sewage sludge and nitrogen fertilizer, biomasses of all the four grasses were significantly increased when compared with those in the control group. After 100 days growth, applying sewage sludge had the greatest effects on biomass increasing for Kentucky bluegrass (17.54 times in the overground yields and 13.94 times in underground yields when compared with the control group) or Alfalfa–ryegrass mixture (5.34 and 7.20 times, respectively); meanwhile, the combined application of sewage sludge and nitrogen fertilizer also had the best effects. It was concluded that Kentucky bluegrass is the best pioneer species for quickly establishing vegetation in ATB abandoned opencast mining areas; municipal sewage sludge is an effective bio-fertilizer for the fertility improvement of raw mixed-loess soils; and the combined application of sewage sludge and nitrogen fertilizer in plots revegetated with Alfalfa–ryegrass mixture is the best strategy to help quickly establish a self-sustaining vegetation system during the primary stage of reclamation in ATB abandoned opencast mining areas in China.     

金银花尺蠖的发生与气象条件的关系

金银花尺蠖是近年发现的金银花产区的主要害虫,该虫在封丘县每年发生4代.通过对金银花尺蠖发生的气象因子分析,得出金银花尺蠖发生与气象条件的关系,并结合金银花尺蠖的生活特性提出了防治措施.     

Mixing of event and pre‐event water in a shallow Entisol in sloping farmland based on isotopic and hydrometric measurements,SW China

Water percolation and flow processes in subsurface geologic media play an important role in determining the water source for plants and the transport of contaminants or nutrients, which is essential for water resource management and the development of measures for pollution mitigation. During June 2013, the dynamics of the rainwater, soil water, subsurface flows and groundwater in a shallow Entisol on sloping farmland were monitored using a hydrometric and isotopic approach. The results showed that effective mixing of rainwater and soil water occurred in hours. The rebound phenomenon of δD profiles in soils showed that most isotope‐depleted rainwater largely bypassed the soil matrix when the water saturation in the soil was high. Preferential‐flow, which was the dominant water movement pattern in the vadose zone, occurred through the whole soil profile, and infrequent piston‐flow was mainly found at 20–40 cm in depth. The interflow in the soil layer, composed of 75.2% rainwater, was only generated when the soil profile had been saturated. Underflow in the fractured mudrock was the dominant flow type in this hillslope, and outflow was dominated by base flow (groundwater flow) with a mean contribution of 76.7%. The generation mechanism of underflow was groundwater ridging, which was superimposed upon preferential‐flow composed mainly of rainwater. The quick mixing process of rainwater and soil water and the rapid movement of the mixture through preferential channels in the study soil, which shows a typical bimodal pore size distribution, can explain the prompt release of pre‐event water in subsurface flow. Water sources of subsurface flows at peak discharge could be affected by the antecedent soil water content, rain characteristics and antecedent groundwater levels. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Metal flux and dynamic speciation at (bio)interfaces. Part VI: The roles of simple, fulvic and aggregate complexes on computed metal flux in freshwater ligand mixtures; comparison of Pb, Zn and Ni at planar and microspherical interfaces

The computations of metal flux in aquatic systems, at consuming interfaces like microorganism surfaces are of major importance in ecotoxicology and dynamic risk assessment. In this paper, the flux of Zn(II) and Ni(II), at a planar consuming interface in a typical natural freshwater, are studied. The system includes (a) simple ligands (OH⁻, ); (b) fulvics; (c) aggregates, as complexants, i.e., those which play the major roles in controlling the metal distribution and/or metal flux in aquatic media. The above two metals are chosen because they participate, respectively, to intermediate and very slow chemical reactions with complexing sites, and are thus complementary to Pb(II) and Cu(II) (two metals with very fast reactions) studied in Parts III-V of this series. The effects of the various physico-chemical factors, in particular, the diffusion layer thickness, the stability constants and complexing site distribution of fulvics and the size distribution of aggregates, are studied in details. The contribution to the flux, of each complex type, is computed. This paper also compares the dynamic behaviour of Pb(II), Zn(II) and Ni(II) as well as the labilities and flux contributions of their various complexes at planar and microspherical interfaces. This enables to make predictions on biouptake by microorganisms.     

Spatial and temporal variations of suspended solid concentrations from 2000 to 2013 in Poyang Lake,China

Concentrations of suspended solids in lakes can affect the latter’s primary productivity and reflect changes in sediment deposition. Determining the temporal and spatial distribution of suspended solid concentrations has important significance in lake water environmental management; this is particularly urgent for Poyang Lake, the largest freshwater lake in China. In this study, suspended solid concentration inversion models for Poyang Lake were created using a semi-empirical method with regression analysis between continuously measured suspended solid concentration data and multi-band moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer images for spring, summer, autumn, and winter from 2009 to 2012. The coefficient of determination (R²) is from 0.6 to 0.9 and the average relative error for the accuracy verification was between 10 and 30%. The seasonal distributions of suspended solid concentrations in Poyang Lake from 2000 to 2013 were then obtained using optimal reversal models. The results showed that the seasonal variation in suspended solid concentrations had a “W” shape in which high spring and autumn and low summer and winter values. The suspended solid concentrations increased annually from 2000 to 2013 and were mainly distributed in the northern and central portions of the lake, with lower values along the shorelines. Further analysis indicated that the large difference in water level between the wet and dry seasons is an important factor in explaining these seasonal variations. Moreover, the suspended solid concentrations were poorly correlated with water temperature and chlorophyll-a concentration but more highly correlated with the deferred chlorophyll-a concentration.