Paths and sequence of intrusion of alkaline rocks on Turja Peninsula

The Turja Peninsula consists of porphyritic granite overlain by sandstone, cut by numerous dikes and veins of varying composition, form, and orientation. The relative ages of the dikes and veins has been established by their mutual intersections, and correlation of these with compositions of the rocks demonstrates the existence of three periods of igneous activity. The dikes and veins of the first period strike predominantly NNE and dip ESE. Most of those of the second period strike E-W and dip N, but those of a subordinate group strike NNE and dip ESE. Those of the third period strike predominantly N-S and dip E. The first and third periods are characterized by fine grained rocks resembling effusives, the second by coarse grained typically intrusive rocks and intense metasomatism that altered both dikes and veins and the wall rocks. The difference in texture of rocks formed at the same depth horizon is attributed to a difference in temperature of the wall rocks and the rate of rise of the magma through them.     

Geordnete Deponie von festen Siedlungs- und geeigneten Industrieabfällen

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

The analysis of consolidation by a quasi-Newton technique

A quasi-Newton algorithm is implemented for the solution of multi-dimensional, linear consolidation problems. The study is motivated by the need to implement an efficient equation-solving technique for the solution of large systems of equations typical in problems of consolidation of saturated porous media. The proposed procedure obviates the need to reassemble and re-factorize the global coefficient matrix every load increment, albeit the time step may be held variable in the analysis. The method employs the combined techniques of ‘line search’ and BFGS updates applied to the coupled equations. A numerical example is presented to show that the proposed method is computationally more efficient than the conventional direct equation-solving scheme, particularly when solving large systems of finite element equations.