青藏高原表面过程对夏季青藏高压的影响--数值试验

利用IAP/LASGGOALS气候模式设计了两组敏感性试验,分别考察青藏高原表面感热输送和表面摩擦拖曳对夏季青藏高压的影响.结果表明,表面感热输送显著增强了高原近地层气柱中正涡度的制造和气旋性环流,同时增强了高原上空气柱高层的负涡度制造和反气旋性环流.另一方面,高原表面摩擦拖曳虽然使得低层的辐合略有增加,但施加给整层气柱以反气旋性涡度.因而高原表面的感热输送和表面摩擦拖曳对夏季青藏高压都有增强的作用.表面摩擦拖曳对上空环流的影响随着高度升高而减弱,而表面感热输送引起的高层负涡度的增加与低层正涡度的增加在数值上相当甚至更大.     

松林冠层大气湍流结构观测研究

为了更好地了解大气与物质和能量交换，用二层三维超声风速温度仪测量了重庆市郊松林风速和温度脉动值。采样速率为每秒１次和１１次，数字量记录。计算了湍流动最通量和热通量的日变化，以及湍流风速的统计量和功率谱。结果表明，冠层上动量通量向下传输，而冠层内大多向上传输；冠层内湍流风速ｕ的三阶矩平均值大于零，ｗ的小于零；冠层上无因次湍流风速分量ｕ，ｗ标准差和无因次湍流动能耗散率与局地Ｍｏｎｉｎ－Ｏｂｕｋｈｏｖ长     

The Performance of Atmospheric Component Model R42L9 of GOALS／LASG

This paper examines the performance of an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) developed at the State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics (LASG/IAP). It is a spectral model truncated at R42(2.8125°long×1.66°lat) resolution and with nine vertical levels, and referred to as R42L9/LASG hereafter. It is also the new version of atmospheric component model R15L9 of the global ocean-atmosphere-land system (GOALS/LASG). A 40-year simulation in which the model is forced with the climatological monthly mean sea surface temperature is compared with the 40-year (1958-97) U.S. National Center for Environmental Prediction (NGEP) global reanalysis and the 22-year (1979-2000) Xie-Arkin monthly precipitation climatology. The mean DJF and JJA geographical distributions of precipitation, sea level pressure, 500-hPa geopotential height, 850-hPa and 200-hPa zonal wind, and other fields averaged for the last 30-year integrat     

基于固体潮观测的高精度垂直摆倾斜仪

针对地球固体潮汐监测的要求，介绍了高精度垂直摆倾斜仪的组成和工作原理；论述了差动电容测微传感器技术在垂直摆倾斜仪中的应用；采用空间多体中心构形理论进行倾斜仪机械结构设计；利用复杂双摆理论分析了摆体的动力学特性，并进行了摆体摆动误差的分析计算；提出了用静电进行垂直摆倾斜仪的标定方法。同时，对垂直摆倾斜仪的使用环境和应用情况进行了说明。     

极冰气候效应的数值试验

利用一个大气环流模式（ＡＧＣＭ）和一个全球耦合海气模式（ＣＯＡＧＣＭ）,模拟了北极海冰边界范围的变化对月平均气候的影响。结果表明,极冰边缘的异常完全可以改变中高纬度某些地区的局地气候。受冷源的影响,北半球中高纬度冷高压加强,低纬度暖高压减弱。同时利用一个全球三维大气环流模式,作了海冰反照率参数化的数值试验,用两种不同的海冰反照率参数化方案,检验对地表面温度、海平面气压、极地表面对太阳辐射吸收的影响。模拟试验表明了冰雪圈反照率的反馈作用,对气候变化的影响十分重要。     

CONCENTRATION AND FLUX OF CO2, TURBULENCE FLUXES AND RADIATION BALANCE IN THE NEAR SURFACE LAYER OVER WHEAT FIELD

The gradient of CO₂ concentration, photosynthetically active radiation(PAR). net radiation.soil heat flux, profiles of wind speed, and air temperature and humidity were measured above a wheat field during May and June 1985 at Beijing Agro-Ecosystems Experimental Station. Beijing,China. Fluxes of carbon dioxide, sensible heat, latent heat and momentum were calculated by using the aerodynamic method. The observation site. equipment, calibration techniques, the errors associated with the measurement, and the computational procedures are described. The results show that the diurnal variations of amplitude of CO₂ concentrations were 103.8 to 27. 0.86. 3 to 22.8 and 69.8 to 11.6 ppm:the average CO₂ concentrations were 331.5. 339.9 and 364.6 ppm for the photosynthesis type, and 369.6. 364.0 and 375.2 ppm for the respiration type at 1. 2 and 10 m above surface, respectively, from May 14 to June 15. In the daytime, transfer direction of the CO₂ fluxes and gradients is from air to crop canopy, and at noon(1100 to 1300 BT(Beijing Time)) the transfer rate reaches negative maximum value. At night, transfer of CO₂ fluxes and gradients is in the reversed direction and reaches positive maximum in the early morning(0400 to 0600 BT). There are strong negative correlations between CO₂ flux and the net radiation(R_n),available energy(H+LE). photosynthetically active radiation(PAR) and momentum flux(τ).     

利用天然粉石英制作耐高温硅酸钙保温材料的研究

研究以天然粉石英为硅质原料,普通建筑用石灰为钙质原料生产硬硅钙石型硅酸钙保温材料的基本反应原理、反应过程和可用于工业化生产的工艺技术。用该项新技术所生产的硬硅钙石型硅酸钙保温材料,其性能达到美国和日本同类产品标准。     

利用山东焦家金矿尾矿制作玻化砖的研究

山东焦家金矿是中国最大的金矿之一。该金矿尾矿化学成分接近于常见商品玻化砖的化学成分,其矿物组成以石英及长石为主,接受于常见面商品玻化砖的配料,实验表明,以８０％尾矿加２０％高可塑怀粘土民的试样,其最佳煅烧温度为１１５０℃,吸水率〈０．２％的烧成温度的可变化范围是３０℃,板状试样经煅烧后不变形,不开裂,抗压强度可达２９５ＭＰａ,颜色美观,光泽度等达到了普通商品玻化砖的水平。     

A Preliminary Study on the Preparation of Four Pacific Ocean Polymetallic Nodule and Sediment Reference Materials: GSPN-2, GSPN-3, GSMS-2 and GSMS-3

The research project for the preparation of two polymetallic nodule (GSPN-2, GSPN-3) and two marine sediment (GSMS-2, GSMS-3) reference materials was completed in 1996. The samples were collected from the Eastern and Central Pacific Ocean and prepared to less than 74 μm fine powder. The homogeneity of the materials was tested by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The relative standard deviations (RSD %) of measurements of selected elements in samples taken from thirty bottles selected at random were less than 0.5%. Thirty four laboratories worldwide participated in the collaborative analysis programme. The number of elements or constituents analysed was seventy nine for nodules and eighty one for sediments. Among those, sixty three elements were certified in each sample. The sum of major elements or components is 99.7% for GSPN-2, 99.5% for GSPN-3, 99.8% for GSMS-2 and 99.8% for GSMS-3.     

中性和不稳定层结大气的孤立行波精确解

通过研究二维准动量无辐散、无摩擦层结大气非线性方程组的行波解问题证明，非线性行波解的本质属性是由参数ｂ的符号性质决定的。当ｂ＞０时，为周期解，其周期与相应的线性周期解的周期相等；当ｂ≤０时，为孤立波解。给出了一般行波解的解析表达式。并细致地研究了中性和不稳定层结大气中的孤立行波的特征，发现中性和不稳定层结大气中存在具有类似于飑线结构特征的孤立波。指出了中性和不稳定层结大气中的一般孤立行波物理量的分布特征。