Effects of biochar-based fertilizers on nutrient leaching in a tobacco-planting soil

Acta Geochimica - Biochar is a soil amendment for increasing soil quality and decreasing nutrient leaching. However, there is little information on the impact of biochar-based fertilizer (BF) on...     

Delineating the Source of Lead in the Urban Atmospheric Dust Based on Stable Isotopic Ratio: A Case Study from Panzhihua City of Southwest China

正Objective Atmospheric lead pollution is a global problem. Mining, coal mining, iron and steel smelting, and chemical and coal-fired power plants are major industries in Panzhihua City of southwest China. Many toxic and harmful heavy metals, including Pb, are emitted in production activities. Pb seriously affects human health and natural ecosystems. Thus, Pb source tracing is important for Pb pollution     

综合找矿模型在甲基卡隐伏区稀有锂金属找矿中的 应用

锂金属是重要的战略新兴关键矿产之一。寻找超大型稀有锂金属隐伏矿是中国矿床学界的一大难题。甲基卡广为第四系覆盖,以往的找矿和勘查工作主要局限在南部"就脉找矿"。笔者通过对超大型X03锂矿床的找矿实践,建立了"岩浆-变形-变质-成矿"四位一体控矿要素和成矿模式,归纳总结了地质-地球物理-地球化学异常的内在关联,从远景区分析、找矿靶区圈定、矿床(矿)预测定位的层次与流程,建立的第四系掩盖区隐伏稀有锂金属的综合找矿模型,在指导稀有金属找矿中取得了快速突破,是一个典型的成功实例。建议继续加强该矿田花岗岩基的深部延伸及岩石组合特征、伟晶岩(矿)脉的形成富集规律等研究,注重隐伏花岗岩株(枝)与伟晶岩(矿)脉的找矿相连部位的找矿,开展深部锂等稀有金属的资源潜力预测。     

青藏高原地壳地震纵波速度的层析成像

本次研究利用地方地震台站的数据开展青藏高原地壳地震波速度的三维层析成像研究,得到分辨率达到1°×1°×20 km的地壳纵波三维速度结构,揭示了青藏高原地壳内部地壳波速结构特征。结果表明,青藏高原P波波速随深度产生巨大变化,说明地壳内部发生了大规模的层间拆离和水平剪切,用传统的地块运动不能准确地描述地壳物质运动。从P波波速扰动图上看到,青藏高原上地壳和上地幔的P波波速扰动为大范围正异常区,可以认为青藏高原在同碰撞和后碰撞期频繁的岩浆活动和结晶作用,造成了现今相对比较坚固的上地壳和岩石圈地幔,使青藏高原保持一个整体。分布在可可西里和羌塘北部的高钾质和钾质火山岩带,反映为青藏高原地壳的P波波速扰动负异常带,从上地壳到下地壳都有分布。说明由于大陆碰撞使三叠纪的东昆仑缝合带重新破裂,造成大量地幔流体物质上涌和火山爆发,对高原的形成和隆升都有一定的贡献。通过地震层析成像取得的三维地壳波速图像,进一步证实了由密度扰动三维成像指出的存在青藏高原下地壳流和新生代裂谷深部到达了中地壳底部的结论。     

川西可尔因矿集区稀有金属矿床成矿规律与 找矿方向

为了解可尔因矿集区地质特征和成矿规律,查明矿集区地质找矿方向,对矿集区内成矿地质条件进行了系统分析和总结。研究表明稀有金属成矿主要与印支晚期—燕山早期的中-酸性花岗岩有关,岩浆侵位与成矿伟晶岩脉之间具有结晶分异演化关系。含矿岩浆不均一的结晶分异作用,导致了稀有金属矿化多分布在可尔因岩体东部和南部。在过铝质高挥发分的钙碱性-高钾钙碱性岩浆侵位和结晶分异演化过程中,在岩体与地层的接触带构造发育地段,形成了伟晶岩型稀有金属矿体,具有"岩浆岩-地层-构造"控制成矿的特征。据此提出了矿集区内的找矿标志和岩体与地层接触部位为今后找矿重点区域。     

某金铜矿工艺矿物学研究

通过对某铜矿进行工艺矿物学研究,查明矿石中铜的赋存状态及综合利用可行性等。研究结果表明:主要赋存于黄铜矿、孔雀石中,可伴生回收金。该结论为选矿工艺流程提供依据,以期获得更好回收指标及综合开发利用价值。     

Multi-scale Characteristics and Comprehensive Evaluation of Precipitation Heterogeneity in Guangxi

Aiming at the uneven spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation and frequent occurrence of drought and waterlogging disasters in Guangxi, the multi-scale characteristics and comprehensive evaluation of precipitation heterogeneity can provide scientific support for regional response to drought and waterlogging disasters and intelligent management of water resources. Based on the daily precipitation data of 87 grid points from 1961 to 2017 in Guangxi, the Precipitation Concentration Degree (PCD) and Precipitation Concentration Period (PCP) index were used to build day, pentad, ten days, month, season precipitation heterogeneity of multiple time scale level evaluation system. By using R/S analysis and geographical spatial analysis methods, the space-time evolution characteristics and climate division in Guangxi were discussed. The study showed that the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of PCD and PCP at the diurnal, synoptic and monthly scales were relatively consistent, and the heterogeneity of precipitation in Guangxi could be better expressed than that at the monthly and seasonal scales. The diachronic change of PCD in precipitation in Guangxi shows an increasing trend in northeast China and a decreasing trend in southwest China, and the trend of its future period is the same as the diachronic evolution. The spatial distribution of PCD in Guangxi has significant spatial autocorrelation and stratification heterogeneity, which are mainly reflected in the mean value, coefficient of variation and frequency of PCD. The comprehensive heterogeneity of precipitation in Guangxi is highly dispersed in the northeast, highly concentrated in the south, and slightly concentrated or dispersed in the northwest and central regions. The time-scale within a month is the best scale to express the non-uniformity of precipitation in Guangxi. If the advantages of more stable climatic and ten-day scales and more fine daily scales are taken into account, the use of climatic scale for daily sliding calculation and analysis will be the best way.     

遥感技术在广东省丰顺县地质灾害详细调查中的应用

广东省梅州市丰顺县地处粤东北部地质灾害高发区,是广东地质灾害重点防治区之一。地质灾害的频繁发生,严重影响国家发展和人民生命财产安全。本文以SOPT、ETM+影像和Google Earth Pro软件中的多时相高空间分辨率影像为主要数据,在丰顺县进行遥感地质灾害解译调查,建立了丰顺县地区滑坡、崩塌、不稳定斜坡等地质灾害的解译标志,共解译滑坡52处,不稳定斜坡33处,崩塌10处,地质环境点8处。通过三维多时相高分辨率影像,精细解译地质灾害,分析灾害形成诱因和发育地质环境条件。研究结果表明,遥感技术可以快速、高效地解译出丰顺县地质灾害的种类、规模以及分布特征,完成地质灾害详细调查的前期任务,为地面详细调查提供方向和路线。     

北京城乡接合部地表颗粒物中重金属污染负荷及健康风险评价

随着我国城市建设的不断推进,城市径流污染越来越受到关注。地表颗粒物(RDS)是重金属的重要载体,雨水径流对地表颗粒物的冲刷引起的径流重金属污染问题凸显。本研究选取北京市城乡接合部作为研究区域,研究区域内地表颗粒物中重金属(As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Mn、Pb、Zn)污染负荷并进行健康风险评估。结果表明,地表颗粒物含有的重金属中,除Mn外,As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn的平均浓度均超过背景值。其中,Cd的平均浓度是其背景值的3倍,Cr的平均浓度是其背景值的4倍之多。在径流冲刷条件下,Cr的污染负荷在各研究区域均最高,为其他重金属的3~4倍。暴露模型计算表明,重金属非致癌日平均暴露量为手口摄入量＞皮肤吸收量＞吸入空气量,经手口接触是人体地表灰尘暴露风险的主要途径。对于非致癌风险,在芦求路主路以及黄鹅路十字路口区域存在对于儿童的非致癌风险,整体区域内成人所受非致癌风险较低。各研究区域内重金属呼吸暴露途径的总致癌风险均低于环境阈值,致癌风险较低。