西安城市CBD体系发展演进的特征与趋势

基于土地交易、基本产业单位普查、商务办公楼宇开发、规模以上商场发展等多方面资料,以当代CBD演进基本规律及基本理论为借鉴和索引,并以西安市为实证案例对当代中国城市CBD体系发展演进的一些典型现象、特征及其机制进行了分析。结果表明:传统市中心区正在经历以总功能类型减少而商业服务功能突出强化为基本特征的功能“纯化”;生产者服务业集中的商务中心显著离心漂移、而零售商业中心则相对稳定,因而城市商务与商业中心趋于空间分离化;高新技术产业开发区正崛起成为西安市的中央商务区(主CBD);在整个西安中心城市层面,一个“双极多核”的CBD体系正在发育形成。     

Precipitable water vapor (PWV) estimations from the site of the Eastern Anatolia Observatory<Superscript>∗</Superscript> (DAG), a new astronomical observatory in Turkey

We present preliminary statistics on the precipitable water vapor (PWV) content over the Karakaya Hills in Erzurum city, where the largest optical and near-infrared astronomical telescope in Turkey will be operated. Since the observatory will observe in the near-infrared (NIR), it is intended to perform PWV measurements of the atmosphere above the site by using signal delays in Global Positioning System (GPS) communication. The analysis of the GPS data recorded on the summit for almost one year shows that the atmosphere over the site of the observatory, which has an altitude of 3170 m, has favorable conditions for NIR observations. From GPS measurements, we report that the site had an average PWV of 3.2 mm and a median PWV of 2.7 mm between October 6, 2016, and June 15, 2017. We also present the time dependency of the PWV content and the correlations between the amount of PWV and the other meteorological records gathered from radiosonde flights and ground-based measurements.     

环渤海湾海洋资源环境承载力定量研究

环渤海湾地区经济发展迅速但开发利用过度,生态问题突出。本文以社会环境学理论、系统论、可持续发展理论等为基础,建立了环渤海湾海洋资源环境承载力评价指标体系,利用单项评价法,以地级市为基本单位对环渤海湾地区的海洋资源环境承载力进行评价。结果表明滨州市的海洋资源环境承载力较好,其次为唐山市和天津市,沧州市的海洋资源环境承载力较弱。     

Generation of the Stressed State of the Lithosphere of the Earth and Mars Caused by the Reorientation of Their Figures

The computer simulation of the reorientation of the Earth and Mars lithosphere figure has been performed, which due to the dynamic redistribution of masses, allowed to reveal certain regularities of the structure-forming processes. It has been shown that the shape of the lithosphere surface has a different orientation relatively to the geoids’ (aroids) figure. This causes redistribution of masses leading to a strained state of the lithosphere as a result of endogenous and gravitational-rotational forces action in the evolutionary processes of planet’s self-development. The solution of this problem is considered on the example of lithosphere surface heights approximation by a biaxial ellipsoid with seven parameters. The acting horizontal forces in the upper shell of the planet has been calculated, introducing the concept of “evolutionary deviation of the plumb” and assuming that the tangential forces are proportional to the angle, which is defined as the angle between the direction of the plumb line in the past geological epoch and the plumb line direction at a given point. The calculated fields of tangential force vectors show good consistency with the direction of space-time displacement of Earth’s continents and tectonic plates and consistent with the results of the horizontal movements of GNSS stations. This is quite convincing evidence that under the long-term action of vortex rotationalgravitational forces, the lithospheres masses acquire the properties of creep. All this leads to the fact that interacting blocks and plates within the vortex rotational-gravitational model can be interconnected to elastic fields that creates a single planetary geodynamic field that forms the evolutionary state of the geo-environment.     

The Impact of Irrigation on Bacterial Community Composition and Diversity in Liaohe Estuary Wetland

In this study, the sequencing of 16S ribosomal DNA was used to characterize the soil bacterial community composition and diversity in Liaohe estuarine wetland. Soil samples were taken from different locations in the wetland dominated by reed. Moreover, the soil quality parameters were evaluated (pH, moisture, organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus). The results showed that the organic matter and nutrient contents were significantly higher in irrigated wetland than those in natural wetland. Major phylogenic groups of bacteria in soil samples including Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Actinobacteria and Cyanobacteria were analyzed and we found that Proteobacteria was the most abundant in the community, and the phylum Acidobacteria was more abundant in irrigated wetland. Beta diversity analyses indicated that the soil bacterial community was mainly affected by sampling sites rather than seasons. In general, the bacterial community in natural wetland was not significantly different with that in artificial irrigated wetland. Artificial hydraulic engineering irrigated according to the water requirement rule of reed, increased the production of reeds, changed the way of wetland soil material input, but the diversity of bacterial community kept stable relatively.     

Construction of confidence regions in the problem of asteroid orbit determination

The factors required for estimation of the accuracy of the confidence region construction in the problem of asteroid orbit determination are considered. Blunders and large systematic errors occurring in asteroid observations increase the sizes of confidence regions and cause their noticeable shift in the space of determined parameters. We present the factors that, in addition to analysis of discrepancies (O–C), provide an opportunity to estimate the efficiency of screening observations containing gross systematic errors. The developed factors have been tested for efficiency using simulated observations. The observations have been simulated by parameters set by us and assumed true. It is shown how the sizes of systematic errors and the number of observations with these errors influence the results of screening. All calculations have been performed within the Keplerian model of asteroid motion.     

The volumes of volcanic seamounts as a factor determining the formation of the ocean floor’s morphostructure

The volumes of formed volcanoes are an important indicator of the formation intensity of the ocean floor volcanogenic morphostructure under different geodynamic conditions. The distribution of the volumes of volcanoes that formed within the oceanic lithosphere of different geological ages is considered to analyze the spatial and time dynamics of the scopes of the seamount formation. The greatest volumes of effused rocks concentrate in volcanoes of different heights on the different-age segments of the lithosphere. The total volumes of volcanogenic substance growing with increasing age and thickness of the lithosphere is caused by the increasing range of the heights of the formed volcanoes and the growing number of big seamounts. Despite that the volcanic seamounts formed within the mid-oceanic ridges, on the divergent boundaries of the lithospheric plates and in the transform faults most often, half of the volcanogenic material was emitted to the earth’s surface during the spreading of the intraplate volcanism. A leading part in the formation of the volcanogenic morphostructure of the ocean floor belongs to the formation of big seamounts with heights of 4–6 km and volumes from 1500 to 5100 km³, respectively, in the provinces with ages from 60 to 90 mln years.     

原子掺杂对单元材料结晶能力的影响

2009年我们建立了一个凝结势模型用以预测材料形成单晶体的能力,表明单元体材料(Ni,Al,Cu,Ar,Mg)的结晶能力随凝结势的增大而单调增强.本文将凝结势模型应用于二元材料体系,并结合分子动力学模拟研究了6% Al原子掺杂对于Ni单晶材料结晶能力的影响.模拟结果发现,Al元素的掺杂会大大减弱Ni单晶的结晶能力,在此基础上提出了二元材料体系凝结势的定义,表明凝结势模型可广泛应用于预测二元体材料的结晶能力.     

冷冻牡蛎贮存过程中脂溶性有毒物质的变化研究

牡蛎是我国出口量较大的水产品之一,由于产品本身的特殊性,在生长过程中易产生腹泻性贝毒(DSP).本实验中原料牡蛎DSP生物法检测结果为阴性,冷冻贮存4个月后检测结果即为阳性.本研究以分析这一变化原因为目的,采用LC-MS法对DSP生物检测的阳性样品进行确认,结果表明,生物法DSP检测的结果为假阳性,造成生物法DSP检测中小白鼠死亡的是牡蛎在贮藏过程中产生的脂溶性有毒物质.进一步分析确定该有毒物质为牡蛎脂肪水解物--游离脂肪酸.同时本研究对牡蛎在不同贮存温度和贮存时间下产生的游离脂肪酸含量进行了测定,在-10 ℃贮存温度下,贮存0,2,4,6,8,10个月,游离脂肪酸的变化范围为5.2～788.6 mg/kg;在-10 ℃,-18 ℃,-25 ℃贮存温度下,贮存4个月,游离脂肪酸的变化范围为92.5～389 mg/kg.     

基于迁移学习方法的山东冷云冰晶特征分布研究

为分析冷云中冰晶的分布特征,揭示冰晶增长演变机制,根据冰晶形状和尺度特征分为8类并进行标注,同时标注1类隔断栏进行数据质量控制,将9类标签图像整合并建立图像集,利用迁移学习VGGNet16方法进行识别训练,经训练模型分类准确率达98%。将模型应用到秋季冷云冰晶特征研究中,选取3次积层混合云和3次层状云降水过程,分析冰晶形状在不同温度区间的占比及冰晶谱变化特征,结果表明,温度通过影响冰晶基面与棱面的比值来决定冰晶初始形状分布,相同温度区间积层混合云内球状冰晶和线型冰晶占比高于层状云,低于-12℃后各类冰晶占比相对固定;积层混合云内线型冰晶直径集中在300~800 μm,冰晶谱呈多峰分布,聚合体直径大于600 μm,冰晶谱首尾两端浓度相当,球状冰晶直径集中在120～300 μm,冰晶谱呈单调下降趋势。