塔里木盆地塔河油田奥陶系数字岩心图像中生物扰动的定量表征*

生物扰动对塔里木盆地塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩“基质储集体”储集性能的改造效应具有重要影响。以塔河油田奥陶系岩心为研究对象,利用Adobe^® Photoshop^® CS6软件提供的生物扰动数字图像分析软件包,对岩心数字图像中生物扰动区域进行了识别和定量表征。结果表明: (1)在生物扰动数字图像分析软件包提供的方法中,“相似像素选择法”和“魔棒法”是对生物扰动识别与定量表征最为有效的方法,但二者适用范围不同;(2)“相似像素选择法”适用于生物扰动程度较大,单个形体相对较小且离散度相对较高的情况:当生物扰动充填物和围岩基质边界对比度较大时,应用“选取相似”操作效果最好;而当生物扰动充填物和围岩基质边界对比度较小时,应用“色彩范围”操作识别效果最好;这2种操作都仅能执行1次;(3)“魔棒法”对于识别生物扰动区域形体大而分布连续,且充填物颜色不同的情况具有独到优势;该方法可以通过多次重复操作以及调整“容差”来提高生物扰动区域与围岩基质的识别度。该研究对从生物成因角度解释碳酸盐岩“基质储集体”的非均质性与分布规律、实现增强储集性能生物扰动属性表征、丰富海相碳酸盐岩储集层地质学理论、指导该类油气藏远景勘探和储量计算以及选择合理的开发方案等具有重要意义。     

渤海古近系东营组三角洲相油田地质特征研究

渤海古近系东营组三角洲相油田是渤海油田的主力含油层系.从构造、储层与沉积、流体和油藏等方面对渤海海域东营组三角洲相油田地质特征进行了研究,按河流三角洲和辫状河三角洲相砂岩油藏两种沉积相类型分别对储层分布特征进行了描述.在此基础上探讨了此类油田的流体分布特点和油藏模式,并认为渤海东营组三角洲相油田以中到大型为主,储层岩性大都属于高孔高渗的疏松砂岩,储层具有分布较稳定、油层厚和物性好等特点,原油以普通稠油为主,其次是中、低黏油.     

Petrogenesis of the Xihuashan Granite in Southern Jiangxi Province,South China: Constraints from Zircon U-Pb Geochronology,Geochemistry and Nd Isotopes

Mesozoic granitic intrusions are widely distributed in the Nanling region,South China.Yanshanian granites are closely connected with the formation of tungsten deposits.The Xihuashan granite is a typica...     

Trophic ecology of small yellow croaker (Larimichthys polyactis Bleeker): stable carbon and nitrogen isotope evidence

The trophic ecology of the small yellow croaker (Larimichthys polyactis) was studied using stable isotope analyses. Samples were collected from July to September 2009 and 34 individuals from eight sites were examined for stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes. Stable carbon isotope ratios (δ13C) ranged from -20.67 to -15.43, while stable nitrogen isotope ratios (δ15N) ranged 9.18-12.23. The relationship between δ13C and δ15N suggested high resource partitioning in the sampling area. Significant differences in stable isotope values among the eight sampling sites may be linked to environmental diversities involving various physical processes (such as ocean current, wind and tide) and different carbon sources. Furthermore, the stable isotope ratios may also explain the ontogenetic variability in diet and feeding, because δ13C and δ15N varied significantly with increasing body size. The findings are consistent with other studies on diet analyses in small yellow croaker. It was also demonstrated that stable isotope analysis could be used to estimate the trophic characters of small yellow croaker in feeding patterns and migrating habits.     

Current status of small yellow croaker resources in the southern Yellow Sea and the East China Sea

We used data from bottom trawl surveys to study the factors influencing the abundance of small yellow croaker, Larimichthys polyactis, in the southern Yellow Sea (SYS) and the East China Sea (ECS). The resource density index (RDI) was generally higher in summer and autumn than in spring and winter. RDIs were also significantly greater in the SYS than in the ECS in summer and autumn. The bottom water salinity and depth of spatial distribution of small yellow croaker was similar between the two areas in summer, but different in other seasons. Regression analysis suggested that environmental factors such as bottom water temperature, salinity, and depth influenced the RDIs in summer in these areas. Growth condition factor (GCF) in the two areas varied monthly and the croaker in the SYS grew more slowly than those in the ECS. This was likely due to the low bottom temperature of the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass in summer and autumn or to higher human fishing pressure in the ECS. To ensure sustainable utilization of the croaker stocks in these regions, we recommend reducing the fishing intensity, increasing the cod-end mesh size, and improving the protection of juveniles.     

Diopside and Magnetite Exsolutions in Olivine from Lower Cr# Dunite in the Dongbo Ophiolite, Southern Tibet

<正>Diopside and magnetite exsolutions occur as oriented intergrowths within olivine of the lower Cr~#dunite in the Dongbo ophiolite,Tibet.The fresh lower Cr~#dunite has a mineral assemblage of olivine,spinel and diopside.The Fo content of its olivine is 90–92,which is lower than that of the higher Cr~#dunite lenses(Fo92-Fo94)without     

美国极地钻探科学目标分析与钻探技术进展

极地钻探是获取极地冰层或冰下环境样品和在极地冰层或冰下布放科学观测仪器的最直接方法,是开展极地科学研究的必要技术手段。美国是开展极地钻探较早的国家之一,也是极地钻探强国。相比美国,我国极地钻探技术尚处于起步阶段。本文以《美国冰钻委员会长期科学规划2021-2031》为基础,结合其官方网站和相关文献资料,梳理了美国极地钻探科学目标和极地钻探技术现状,并简要介绍了过去10年美国极地钻探的现场工作情况及其在未来3年的工作计划,以期为我国极地钻探发展提供参考。     

非地转湿Q矢量在台风暴雨预报中的应用试验

利用NCEP/NCAR全球格点资料和TRMM卫星资料,采用改进后的非地转湿Q矢量,对0908号台风“莫拉克”引起的台湾南部特大暴雨过程进行预报应用试验.试验结果表明:(1) 850hPa高度层的非地转湿Q矢量散度及水汽通量散度分布可以预报未来24 h暴雨的落区及其雨带的分布,暴雨发生在Q矢量散度梯度大值区靠近辐合区域,...     

西准噶尔达拉布特地幔橄榄岩弧前成因的矿物地球化学和氧同位素证据

达拉布特蛇绿岩位于中亚造山带西南缘,是古亚洲洋的扩张、俯冲、消减和闭合过程的产物,保留了洋盆形成及构造演化信息。前人对达拉布特蛇绿岩的形成大地构造背景始终未取得统一的认识。为探讨蛇绿岩所代表的构造演化过程,笔者以达拉布特蛇绿岩中的地幔橄榄岩为研究对象,通过详细的矿物地球化学及其氧同位素研究,对达拉布特地幔橄榄岩成因及构造背景提出新的制约。达拉布特方辉橄榄岩中橄榄石Ni/Co值为21~22,Ni/Mn值为3.0~7.8具有部分熔融残余的特征,此外,橄榄石中不相容元素相对于正常地幔橄榄石亏损,表明方辉橄榄岩为部分熔融的残余组分。方辉橄榄岩中尖晶石Cr# 为47~52、TiO2含量0.01%~0.04%,橄榄石Fo为90.34%~90.98%指示方辉橄榄岩经历>20%的部分熔融。方辉橄榄岩中橄榄石δ18 Oolivine值+5.1~+6.2‰、单斜辉石δ18Ocpx值+5.6~+6.9‰,其变化范围较大且整体高于正常地幔中橄榄石和单斜辉石的δ18 O值,矿物间氧同位素分馏系数Δ18OOpx—olivine平均-0.3‰,Δ18OOpx—cpx平均-0.7‰,显著区别于正常地幔中平衡的氧同位素分馏系数,具有明显的交代作用特征。结合方辉橄榄岩橄榄石中亏损的微量元素特征,认为方辉橄榄岩可能受到流体交代作用的影响,俯冲壳源物质脱水形成的高δ18O流体交代地幔橄榄岩导致了矿物与矿物间不平衡的氧同位素特征。通过尖晶石与单斜辉石成分判别,尖晶石与单斜辉石的主量元素具有介于弧前与深海地幔之间的过渡型特征,与俯冲初始阶段形成的地幔橄榄岩相似。综合矿物地球化学与氧同位素特征,笔者认为达拉布特地幔橄榄岩为形成于弧前初始俯冲环境。板块俯冲导致弧前扩张形成新洋壳,上涌的软流圈MORB like熔体与俯冲壳源物质熔融形成熔/流体与地幔橄榄岩相互作用,形成达拉布特地幔橄榄岩。     

西准噶尔达拉布特地幔橄榄岩弧前成因的矿物地球化学和氧同位素证据

达拉布特蛇绿岩位于中亚造山带西南缘,是古亚洲洋的扩张、俯冲、消减和闭合过程的产物,保留了洋盆形成及构造演化信息。前人对达拉布特蛇绿岩的形成大地构造背景始终未取得统一的认识。为探讨蛇绿岩所代表的构造演化过程,笔者以达拉布特蛇绿岩中的地幔橄榄岩为研究对象,通过详细的矿物地球化学及其氧同位素研究,对达拉布特地幔橄榄岩成因及构造背景提出新的制约。达拉布特方辉橄榄岩中橄榄石Ni/Co值为21~22,Ni/Mn值为3.0~7.8具有部分熔融残余的特征,此外,橄榄石中不相容元素相对于正常地幔橄榄石亏损,表明方辉橄榄岩为部分熔融的残余组分。方辉橄榄岩中尖晶石Cr# 为47~52、TiO2含量0.01%~0.04%,橄榄石Fo为90.34%~90.98%指示方辉橄榄岩经历>20%的部分熔融。方辉橄榄岩中橄榄石δ18 Oolivine值+5.1~+6.2‰、单斜辉石δ18Ocpx值+5.6~+6.9‰,其变化范围较大且整体高于正常地幔中橄榄石和单斜辉石的δ18 O值,矿物间氧同位素分馏系数Δ18OOpx—olivine平均-0.3‰,Δ18OOpx—cpx平均-0.7‰,显著区别于正常地幔中平衡的氧同位素分馏系数,具有明显的交代作用特征。结合方辉橄榄岩橄榄石中亏损的微量元素特征,认为方辉橄榄岩可能受到流体交代作用的影响,俯冲壳源物质脱水形成的高δ18O流体交代地幔橄榄岩导致了矿物与矿物间不平衡的氧同位素特征。通过尖晶石与单斜辉石成分判别,尖晶石与单斜辉石的主量元素具有介于弧前与深海地幔之间的过渡型特征,与俯冲初始阶段形成的地幔橄榄岩相似。综合矿物地球化学与氧同位素特征,笔者认为达拉布特地幔橄榄岩为形成于弧前初始俯冲环境。板块俯冲导致弧前扩张形成新洋壳,上涌的软流圈MORB like熔体与俯冲壳源物质熔融形成熔/流体与地幔橄榄岩相互作用,形成达拉布特地幔橄榄岩。