CMIP6模式对北太平洋中纬度海洋锋强度与冬季风暴轴关系的模拟及预估

本文利用参与第六次国际耦合模式比较计划(CMIP6)的高分辨率气候模式CNRM-CM6-1-HR资料,对北太平洋中纬度海洋锋强度与冬季风暴轴的关系开展模拟和预估。研究发现,该模式能够较好地再现海洋锋强度与风暴轴的正相关关系,即当海洋锋加强(减弱)时,风暴轴在其主体及下游区域显著增强(削弱),但模拟的正相关关系在风暴轴北部强于观测,这是由于模拟的海洋锋强度与低层大气斜压性的正相关关系在其北部偏强。对比模式在历史试验和未来4种共享社会经济路径(SSPs)下的模拟结果发现,全球变暖背景下,海洋锋强度与风暴轴依然存在显著的正相关关系,但在风暴轴气候态大值区及其北部区域呈现减弱趋势,正相关关系减弱程度在高辐射强迫情景(SSP5-8.5)下最大,在中等至高辐射强迫情景(SSP3-7.0)下最小。进一步研究发现,未来海洋锋强度与低层大气斜压性的正相关关系呈现出类似的减弱趋势,说明未来海洋锋与风暴轴关系的变化主要取决于海洋锋与低层大气斜压性关系的变化。     

英东油田长井段薄互层油藏储层产能分类及预测研究

针对柴达木盆地英东油田长井段油层层间非均质性强、产能差异大、产液能力不确定给低油价下效益开发带来的诸多问题,笔者尝试利用渗流系数、存储系数与含油饱和度作为fisher判别函数参数对研究区不同储层产能进行了定量评价研究。通过实际生产数据与理论函数对比,理论模型整体判别符合率达到80%以上,基本满足了油藏开发需要,为后续油藏的单层砂体投产治理、产能部署及储层预测动用提供了决策依据。     

大暖期中国湖泊沉积物有机碳储量的初步估算研究

湖泊作为陆地生态系统的重要组成部分,在区域/全球碳循环中发挥着重要作用。研究大暖期（6±0.5 ka B.P.）湖泊沉积物有机碳储量,可为未来类似增温幅度下湖泊固碳潜力变化研究提供一定的基础数据。文章通过搜集我国不同地区65个含大暖期沉积年代及有机碳数据的湖泊资料,开展了大暖期中国湖泊沉积物有机碳储量的初步研究。结果表明,大暖期我国湖泊沉积物有机碳储量约为4.56 Pg C,变化范围约为0.90~19.08 Pg C（1 Pg=10¹⁵ g）,主要集中在东部平原湖区、蒙新湖区及青藏高原湖区;有机碳累积速率约为22.3 g/（m²·a）,变化范围约为4.4~92.6 g/（m²·a）,其中以蒙新湖区最高,青藏高原湖区最低。大暖期我国湖泊有机碳储量与陆地碳库的比较表明,湖泊有机碳储量约为陆地（植被和土壤）有机碳储量的3%,而湖泊面积约为陆地面积的2%,加之湖泊沉积物较土壤及森林生物量能够保存更长的时间,因此湖泊在维系全球碳平衡中起着重要作用,湖泊的碳汇功能不容忽视。

     

对比加权评分法在边坡治理方案优选中的应用

通过对量化指标和定性指标的评分,用对比法确定各因素权值,用加权评分法对各方案进行优选,得出最优方案。以实例分析了该方法的应用,计算结果表明：该方法简易可行,减少了目标的客观权重与实际情况之间的误差。     

Study on Solidification Treatment of Electrolytic Manganese Slag and Numerical Simulation of Slope Stability

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - Manganese slag contains a large number of easily migrated heavy metals and ammonia nitrogen and other pollutants, which have a negative impact on the...     

Spatiotemporal variability of four precipitation-based drought indices in Xinjiang,China

Global increases in duration and prevalence of droughts require detailed drought characterization at various spatial and temporal scales. In this study, drought severity in Xinjiang, China was investigated between 1961 and 2012. Using meteorological data from 55 weather stations, the UNEP (1993) index (I _A), Erinç’s aridity index (I _m), and Sahin’s aridity index (I _sh) were calculated at the monthly and annual timescales and compared to the Penman-Monteith based standard precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI_PM). Drought spatiotemporal variability was analyzed for north (NX), south (SX), and entire Xinjiang (EX). I _m could not be calculated at 51 stations in winter as T _max was below 0. At the monthly timescale, I _A, I _m, and I _sh correlated poorly to SPEI_PM because of seasonality and temporal variability, but annual I _A, I _m, and I _sh correlated well with SPEI_PM. Annual I _A, I _m, and I _sh showed strong spatial variability. The 15 extreme droughts denoted by monthly SPEI_PM occurred in NX but out of phase in SX. Annual precipitation, maximum temperature, and relative and specific humidity increased, while air pressure and potential evapotranspiration decreased over 1961–2012. The resulting increases in the four drought indices indicated that drought severity in Xinjiang decreased, because the local climate became warmer and wetter.

     

Low‐frequency subsurface current and density fluctuations in the strait of Georgia

Abstract

The depth‐time structure of low‐frequency subsurface current and density fluctuations in central Strait of Georgia is described. The measurements were made between February and May, 1981 with profiling Cyclesondes. The depth range of approximately 50 to 290 m was sampled in water depths of about 325 m. The mean current was cross‐strait and decreased with depth. The low‐frequency current fluctuations occurred predominantly at periods exceeding a week and also decreased with depth. Below about 200 m, there was an increasing tendency for the fluctuations to be aligned with the local topography. The maximum vertical separation for components of current to be significantly coherent was 100 m and was in the lowest frequency band. Currents separated by 4.1 km in the horizontal were correlated in the more energetic north‐south component.     

Paleomagnetism of the Xigaze ophiolite and flysch (Yarlung Zangbo suture zone, southern Tibet): latitude and direction of spreading

The Xigaze ophiolite (29.2°N, 89.5°E), which outcrops in the Yarlung Zangbo suture zone, represents the remnants of an oceanic lithosphere formed in middle Cretaceous times between the Lhasa block to the north and the Indian plate to the south. In an attempt to define the paleo-orientation and latitude of the spreading center at which it has been created, a paleomagnetic study has been done on three sites in volcanics and overlying (or interbedded) radiolarites forming the upper part of the ophiolite sequence and also on seven sites in the Xigaze Group flysch which stratigraphically overlies the volcanics to the north. In each site, hand-blocks carefully oriented both with sun and magnetic compass have been sampled. The paleomagnetism data, combined with structural data on the ophiolite dolerite intrusives, allow a partial reconstruction of South Eurasia at the time of formation of the Xigaze ophiolite. The paleolatitude of accretion and deposition of the Xigaze ophiolite and overlying sediments is found to be 10–20°N. Both ophiolite and basin have encountered a 85 ± 20° anti-clockwise rotation. The corresponding ridge was close to the southern margin of the Lhasa block and was oriented N175 ± 25°.