1953—2014年丽水日照时数周期演变规律

利用丽水市1953—2014年逐月日照资料,采用趋势分析方法对年代际、年际和季节日照时数变化趋势进行分析,利用Morlet小波分析和多窗口谱 (Multi Taper Method) 研究日照时数的周期特征,并重建显著周期信号,分析日照时数不同时间尺度显著周期的演变规律。结果表明：丽水日照时数呈极显著下降趋势,每10 a减少35%。夏季日照时数最多,且减少趋势最明显,其次是秋季。Morlet小波和多窗口谱分析结果均显示：年代际尺度准12 a周期最为显著,年际尺度6 a和2～4 a周期也较明显。最显著的准12 a周期信号,其振幅随时间变化具有3个明显的缓变包络。     

从地球测绘到地外天体测绘

随着人类空间探测技术的不断发展,月球与深空探测已成为测绘遥感科学与技术的前沿和新战场。在多类型深空探测任务的驱动下,测绘遥感技术也得到了新的发展。本文结合国内外深空探测的各类任务,对地外天体环绕遥感测图、着陆导航遥感避障、巡视环境感知与视觉导航定位方面的研究现状和成果进行了系统总结;结合未来月球与深空探测任务需求,对深空遥感测绘技术的发展,包括地外天体海量全球遥感数据智能处理、全球控制网精化、月球南极精细三维形貌测绘、多传感器融合的着陆导航避障和巡视环境感知与定位等进行了探讨。     

中国煤矿安全生产水平空间差异与影响因素

基于2001—2019年分省百万吨死亡率,利用泰尔指数、变异系数和地理探测器等对中国煤矿安全生产水平空间差异程度及其驱动因素展开定量化研究,为及时获取区域煤矿安全态势、提升煤矿事故精准预警与防范提供支持。结果显示：① 依据百万吨死亡率可将中国煤矿安全生产水平分为南方区（川云渝贵湘鄂桂赣粤苏浙闽）、东北区（黑吉辽）、西北区（青新甘）、华北区（京冀鲁豫皖）和中北区（晋陕蒙宁）5个区域,各区煤矿安全水平依次升高。② 煤矿安全水平总体差异经历了总体稳定且差异均衡期（2001—2007年）、总体及差异波动上升期（2008—2015年）、总体稳定但区间差异加大期（2016—2019年）3个发展阶段后仍保持缓慢增长态势,区内差异开始缩减但区间差异持续扩大。③ 影响五大区安全水平的因素各异,采掘环境对东北区、西北区和南方区影响大;供需情况和企业管理类指标的变化更易引起东北区、华北区和中北区安全水平变动;监察执法类指标对中北区以外的各区均具有较高的影响力;各区百万吨死亡率对经济环境均产生响应,但指标的影响系数处于中等水平。④ 监察执法、供需情况和经济环境类指标与其他类别指标普遍具有较强的非线性增强效应,通过调整监察执法类指标更易对安全水平变动产生效果。     

The response of warm-season precipitation extremes in China to global warming: an observational perspective from radiosonde measurements

Consensus has been reached that precipitation extremes vary proportionally with global warming. Nevertheless, the underlying cause and magnitude of these factors affecting their relationships remain highly debated. To elucidate the complex relationship between precipitation extremes and temperature in China during the warm seasons (May through September), a 60-year (1958–2017) record of hourly rain gauge measurements, in combination with surface air temperature, RH, precipitable water (PW), and convective available potential energy (CAPE) collected from 120 radiosonde stations were examined. Spatially, the scaling relationship between precipitation extremes and temperature exhibits a large geographic difference across China. In particular, the Clausius–Clapeyron (CC) and sub-CC relationships tend to occur in northwest (ROI-N) and southeast China (ROI-S), whereas the super-CC relationship is found to mainly concentrates in central China (ROI-C). Additionally, the response of precipitation extremes to temperature becomes more sensitive as precipitation intensity increases, shifting from CC to super-CC at a certain point of inflection that varies by geographic regions. This shift occurs at approximately 15 °C in ROI-C and ROI-N, but at around 20 °C in ROI-S. Within the temperature range of the super-CC slope, the PW rises with the increases in temperature, whereas the CAPE decreases with rising temperature, which is contrary to the monotonic scaling of precipitation with temperature. From the perspective of interannual variation, the precipitation extremes correlate positively with temperature. This further confirms the notion that global warming, through jointly affecting PW and CAPE, is able to considerably regulate precipitation extremes.     

A linear road object matching method for conflation based on optimization and logistic regression

The purpose of object matching in conflation is to identify corresponding objects in different data sets that represent the same real-world entity. This article presents an improved linear object matching approach, named the optimization and iterative logistic regression matching (OILRM) method, which combines the optimization model and logistic regression model to obtain a better matching result by detecting incorrect matches and missed matches that are included in the result obtained from the optimization (Opt) method for object matching in conflation. The implementation of the proposed OILRM method was demonstrated in a comprehensive case study of Shanghai, China. The experimental results showed the following. (1) The Opt method can determine most of the optimal one-to-one matching pairs under the condition of minimizing the total distance of all matching pairs without setting empirical thresholds. However, the matching accuracy and recall need to be further improved. (2) The proposed OILRM method can detect incorrect matches and missed matches and resolve the issues of one-to-many and many-to-many matching relationships with a higher matching recall. (3) In the case where the source data sets become more complicated, the matching accuracy and recall based on the proposed OILRM method are much better than those based on the Opt method.     

地面激光雷达用于大型钢结构建筑施工监测与质量检测

大型钢结构施工中利用地面激光雷达技术进行安装对接接口扫描,在控制测量基础上对测量接口进行快速扫描,通过对扫描数据的特征提取并对比接口数据进行分析,可以精确快速地获取接口现状并指导实际施工调整。     

顾及空间上下文关系的JointBoost点云分类及特征降维

随着激光雷达技术的发展及广泛应用,点云数据的分类及理解成为了目前一个研究热点。本文研究了较复杂的电力线路走廊场景的点云自动分类方法,目标类别为地面、植被、建筑物、电力塔、电力线等。本文首先归纳、定义了点云分类所需的关键特征,并利用JointBoost实现地物分类;同时,考虑到点云数据量大,其分类速度较慢,本文结合地物空间上的相互关联关系,提出了一种序列化的点云分类及特征降维方法。该方法在保证分类精度的前提下,使分类所需特征维数降低,缩短了分类所需时间。实际的电力线路走廊的激光扫描点云数据分类实验证明本文研究的分类方法的有效性。     

Mercury (Hg2+) effect on enzyme activities and hepatopancreas histostructures of juvenile Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis

We studied the effects of mercury (Hg²⁺) on antioxidant and digestive enzyme activities in terms of LC₅₀ value and on hepatopancreas histostructures of juvenile Chinese mitten crabs Eriocheir sinensis in 40-day exposure to various concentrations of Hg²⁺ (0, 0.01, 0.05, 0.10, 0.20, and 0.30 mg/L). The results show that the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and catalase (CAT) significantly increased in the concentrations of 0.01 and 0.05 mg/L, while that of enzyme decreased in 0.10, 0.20 and 0.30 mg/L treatments. Meanwhile, Hg²⁺ disrupted the histostructures of the hepatopancreas, causing decreases in activities of pepsin, tryptase, amylase, and cellulose, which are synthesized in the hepatopancreas. Moreover, as the Hg²⁺ concentration increased, the survival rate of the crabs decreased, worst at 56.57% in 0.30 mg/L. Therefore, although crabs are able to tolerate low levels of mercury pollution, high levels lead to cellular injury and tissue damage in hepatopancreas, which then loses some of its vital physiological functions such as absorption, storage, and secretion.     

“两规”新旧土地利用分类体系比较

近年来“两规”衔接已成为一个重要的研究课题,“两规”新用地分类体系的先后发布给“两规”衔接带来了契机。运用比较分析方法研究了“两规”新、旧用地分类体系的相互关系,将“两规”用地分类体系的关系演变划分为1997年以前相互独立发展、1997-2006年相互冲突和2006年以来相互衔接3个时期。“两规”旧用地分类体系的比较表明两者在分类重点、分类体系构成、建设用地分类方法和空间范围4个方面的矛盾和冲突最明显。“土规”新、旧用地分类体系的比较表明有4个方面的特征变化：①现状、规划两套分类体系由相互分离转变为相互衔接;②现状分类由三级体系变为二级体系;③在建设用地分类中突出考虑了行业因素;④增强了规划分类的弹性空间。“城规”新、旧用地分类体系的比较分析表明有2个方面的特征变化：①增加城乡用地分类体系;②修订城市建设用地分类体系。最后构建了“两规”新用地分类体系的对应关系。