南海东北部内潮的模态结构和传播

The evolution of energy, energy flux and modal structure of the internal tides(ITs) in the northeastern South China Sea is examined using the measurements at two moorings along a cross-slope section from the deep continental slope to the shallow continental shelf. The energy of both diurnal and semidiurnal ITs clearly shows a～14-day spring-neap cycle, but their phases lag that of barotropic tides, indicating that ITs are not generated on the continental slope. Observations of internal tidal energy flux suggest that they may be generated at the Luzon Strait and propagate west-northwest to the continental slope in the northwestern SCS. Because the continental slope is critical-supercritical with respect to diurnal ITs, about 4.6 kJ/m~2 of the incident energy and 8.7 kW/m of energy flux of diurnal ITs are reduced from the continental slope to the continental shelf. In contrast, the semidiurnal internal tides enter the shelf because of the sub-critical topography with respect to semidiurnal ITs.From the continental slope to the shelf, the vertical structure of diurnal ITs shows significant variation, with dominant Mode 1 on the deep slope and dominant higher modes on the shelf. On the contrary, the vertical structure of the semidiurnal ITs is stable, with dominant Mode 1.     

近50 a来辽河口水下三角洲演变特征研究

本文基于近50 a来的辽河口海域的水下地形资料,采用GIS技术手段研究了辽河口水下三角洲的演变特征。研究结果表明:近50 a来辽河水下三角洲外缘(蛤蜊岗子滩西缘和南缘、西滩西缘和南缘)出现较大幅度的侵蚀后退;蛤蜊岗子滩东缘淤积外移,南部滩尾东部有北移东偏趋势;近岸浅滩由淤涨变为基本稳定,局部有所侵蚀后退;受蛤蜊岗子滩向东淤进的影响,蛤蜊岗子滩东侧深槽有所缩窄;蛤蜊岗子滩和西滩之间深槽水域出现拓宽变浅的变化趋势。流域来水来沙减少是近年来辽河口水下三角洲外缘侵蚀后退的主要原因,外缘侵蚀泥沙在波流作用下向河口搬运是蛤蜊岗子滩东侧淤积、深槽缩窄的主要原因,近岸边滩人工围垦对水下三角洲演变的影响值得关注。     

基于梯度依赖客观分析技术的全球Argo网格化数据集:构建及初步应用

采用梯度依赖相关尺度方法构建了1套2004—2017年间,月平均的全球海洋(0~1 500 m)1°×1°的Argo数据集,并在对该数据集进行对比检验的基础上,将其初步应用于中西太平洋黄鳍金枪鱼的渔场分析研究。结果表明,所构建的Argo数据集与WOA13数据集的温、盐偏差在上表层(150 m)稍大,最大值分别约为0.5 ℃和0.1,且偏差均随深度的增加而逐渐减小;其与TAO浮标时间序列的温度偏差,2004—2017年间均小于1 ℃,最大盐度偏差则小于0.5,且大部分海域接近0。中西太平洋海域,黄鳍金枪鱼中心渔场多集中在 28~29 ℃ 等温线范围内,在 22 ℃以下的海域单位捕捞努力量渔获量(catch per unit effort,CPUE)值极小;中心渔场区温跃层上界深度范围在20~120 m之间,且中心渔场在各个深度上形成的频数大体呈正态分布,温跃层上界深度为90 m时,形成中心渔场的可能性达到最大。研究表明所构建的数据集在水文环境分析及资源评估中有一定的应用价值。     

柳珊瑚Leptogorgia rigida中甾体类成分研究

首次对南海柳珊瑚Leptogorgia rigida中甾体类次生代谢产物进行研究。采用硅胶柱柱层析、十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶填料、Sephadex LH-20、高效液相色谱(HPLC)及薄层色谱(TLC)等多种方法进行分离纯化, 通过核磁共振波谱(NMR)、质谱(MS)等现代波谱分析及物理常数对照等方法进行结构鉴定。从南海柳珊瑚Leptogorgia rigida次生代谢产物中分离得到8个甾类化合物, 结构依次为: 3β, 6β, 11-trihydroxy-9, 11-seco-5α-chloest-7-en-9-one (1); 3β, 6α, 11- trihydroxy-9, 11-seco-5α-chloest-7-en-9-one (2); 3β, 6α, 11-trihydroxy-5α-chloest-7, 22(E)-dien-9-one (3); pregnan-4-en-3, 20-dione (4); 5α-pregnan-3, 20-dione (5); 3β-hydroxy-pregnan-5-en-20-dion (6); 3β-hydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one (7); 和3β, 6α, 11-trihydroxy-9, 11-seco-5α-gorgosterol (8)。所有化合物均首次从Leptogorgia属中得到。     

一种基于定位和姿态数据确定试验船质心的方法

针对试验舰质心确定困难问题,提出了一种基于定位和姿态数据的试验舰质心确定方法。通过建立试验舰姿态与传感器中心诱导升沉的关系,推导出了试验舰锚泊状态下质心在船固坐标系中位置的解算模型。实验结果表明,采用本方法进行试验舰质心确定不需添测深仪以外的设备,确定的试验舰质心具有较高的精度,能明显地提高舰载无人飞行器惯导对准效率。     

单环刺螠soxb基因的克隆及其在幼虫发育中的表达特征

SOXB作为重要的转录因子,参与了动物内胚层分化、消化道形成、神经细胞和感官细胞分化的调控。本研究利用RACE技术克隆了单环刺螠(Urechis unicinctus)2个soxb亚族基因soxb1(Uu-soxb1)和soxb2(Uu-soxb2)的cDNA全长序列,大小分别是1871 bp和2906 bp。在两个推导的氨基酸序列中均包含SOX家族的HMG-box结构和SOXB亚族蛋白特有的Group B homology序列,进化树分析它们分别与SOXB1和SOXB2聚类。原位杂交结果显示,Uu-soxb1和Uu-soxb2为母源表达基因;二者在担轮幼虫中的表达图式存在差异,其中早期担轮幼虫中Uu-soxb1 mRNA广泛分布于虫体中,Uu-soxb2 mRNA则集中于顶纤毛束基部和虫体后部(口后纤毛环之后),中期担轮幼虫中,Uu-soxb2阳性信号主要位于纤毛环及虫体的下半球;而Uu-soxb1 mRNA主要位于虫体下半球;之后的发育中二者的表达位点基本一致,即:晚期担轮幼虫中主要位于虫体后部,体节幼虫和蠕虫状幼虫中主要分布于消化道和体壁处。本研究结果表明,单环刺螠soxb在消化道发育过程中的表达模式与其他已报道动物类似,提示其在消化道发育中具有保守的功能。     

Opportunistic-tended life history traits of Siniperca kneri in the Three Gorges Reservoir,China: potential responses to impoundment

Reservoir impoundment changes original fluvial habitats into lentic environments. Fish species adapted to lentic habitats may take the advantage of such habitat changes and show typical life history traits might facilitate the population increase. Siniperca kneri rarely occurred in fishery landing in the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) area before its impoundment in 2003, but it is now a dominant species. In this study, a total of 438 females of S . kneri were collected monthly during September 2012 through January 2014 using gill nets in the TGR. The age, growth, and reproductive biology were then investigated, and compared with other S . kneri populations. The standard length at age 1 was 149.9 mm in the TGR, which is larger than the three compared populations (i.e., Sandaohe Reservoir, Xinfengjiang Reservoir, and North River), but smaller than one (the Guishi Reservoir). The youngest mature female in the TGR was age 1, which is younger than that of the two compared populations (i.e., Xinfengjiang Reservoir and the North River). The relative fecundity in the TGR was 140 eggs/g, which is higher than that of the only available compared population (Xinfengjiang Reservoir, 96 eggs/g). Our results demonstrated that S . kneri in the TGR tended to have faster growth in the first year, a younger age at first maturation, and higher reproductive eff ort. We suggest that such opportunistic-tended life history traits might facilitate rapid increase of the population.     

基于椭球不确定性的平差模型与算法

测量平差模型中的参数通常存在一些不确定的附加信息或先验信息,充分利用它们可以对部分参数进行约束,从而保证参数解的唯一性和稳定性。本文利用椭球集合描述不确定性,建立了一个新的带有椭球不确定性的平差模型。以两个椭球交集的外接椭球的特征矩阵的迹最小平差准则,分析了不确定度的传播规律,给出了带有椭球不确定性的平差方法。最后,通过算例验证了算法的有效性,说明了平差解与带权混合估计的关系。     

背负式移动激光扫描系统测绘大比例尺地形图精度试验研究

将背负式移动激光扫描系统应用在测绘大比例尺地形图中,其扫描精度至关重要。本文利用徕卡Pegasus Backpack对苏州工业园园区测绘地理信息大楼进行扫描,采用Inertial Explorer、Infinity、AoTumatic Processing对点云数据进行预处理,运用RealWorks提取特征点,将特征点在MicroStation V8联图中绘制成1：500地形图。通过与传统方法绘制的1：500地形图相叠合,发现两幅地形图具有很好重合度。对地物检测点精度分析后,得到点位中误差为0.026 m,高程中误差为0.041 m。研究结果表明徕卡Pegasus Backpack满足1：500地形图测量精度要求。