数字地震观测中由台风产生的震颤信号分析

本文的工作源于我们在以宽频数字地震计和倾斜、重力仪开展对"慢地震"、"前驱波"等信号连续观测和分析的过程中,观测到不少异常的波动信号.在探讨这些异常信号的产生原因的研究中,发现其中一部分由热带气旋(台风)产生.     

内蒙古特拜金矿流体包裹体特征与成矿作用

华北地台北缘西段是我国重要的金矿成矿区,目前为止已发现了浩尧尔忽洞、朱拉扎嘎、赛乌素、碱泉子、卡修他他等多个规模不等、不同成因的的金矿床,显示出较大的成矿潜力。特拜金矿是近年来在华北地台北缘西段新发现的一个中型金矿。为探索该金矿的成矿机制,本文对特拜金矿开展了矿床地质和流体性质研究。结果表明,特拜金矿-赋存于早古生代的碳质板岩、碳质千枚岩中。矿体展布受黑色岩系、NW向F2断裂带和NE向F8断裂带的共同控制。矿区周边出露华力西期特拜石英闪长岩和管材陶鲁盖花岗岩等岩浆岩。该金矿从早期成矿阶段到晚期成矿阶段,流体包裹体的均一温度从300℃~350℃逐渐降低到150℃~200℃,盐度从16wt%NaCleqv~20wt%NaCleqv逐渐降低到1wt%NaCleqv ~4wt%NaCleqv;流体的气相组成以CH4-N2-CO2为特征,δDV-SMOW为-91.6‰~-84.5‰,δ18OH2O为2.8‰~3.5‰之间,流体相对富集Ba、Pb、Sr等元素,相对亏损Rb、Th、Nb、Zr、Y、Yb等元素。成矿流体主要来源于岩浆期后热液,可能混合了少量的大气降水。成矿流体处于一种还原性、低温的环境下,金在流体中以Au(HS) 2- 络合物的形式迁移。流体向上运移过程中,因温度、压力的降低而发生不混溶现象,并导致金的沉淀。     

滇西北石鼓杂岩中花岗质片麻岩年代学、地球化学特征及地质意义

青藏高原东南缘滇西北前寒武纪石鼓变质杂岩中新识别出一套花岗质片麻岩.采用LA-ICP-MS方法进行锆石U-Pb年代学分析,获得206Pb/238 U加权平均年龄分别为790±11 Ma(MSWD=2.1,n=10)和814±15 Ma(MSWD=5.7,n=9),显示其形成于新元古代早期.地球化学特征显示,岩石具有高硅(SiO2=66.05％～77.16％)、高 K2O/Na2O(0.90～9.26,均值2.57)特征,MgO=0.35％～3.60％,TFeO=1.02％～4.86％,P2O5=0.03％～0.17％.铝饱和指数A/CNK为1.08～2.51,矿物组合中出现石榴子石和白云母等富铝矿物,CIPW标准矿物中刚玉分子平均含量为4.72％,显示为强过铝质花岗岩.球粒陨石标准化稀土配分显示轻稀土元素富集,(La/Yb)N=1.79～12.34,具明显的Eu负异常(δEu=0.21～0.67).原始地幔标准化蛛网图显示,岩石富集Rb、U,明显亏损Ba、Ta、Nb、Sr、P、Ti元素.综合分析认为,花岗质片麻岩原岩主要为低成熟度、黏土贫乏的砂质岩在高温条件下部分熔融的产物,形成于后碰撞构造环境,是Rodinia超大陆汇聚事件在滇西北石鼓地区的响应.     

西北侏罗纪盆地沉积层序演化与储层特征

笔者研究了西北侏罗纪盆地沉积层序及储层特征,根据露头观察,井下实钻资料及实验室内分析结果,提出中,下侏罗统主要为湖沼相含煤碎屑岩沉积,主要发育河流中冲积相及三角洲相的砂岩集集体,上统为红色或杂色碎屑岩,侏罗纪计导氏孔低渗为主的富含火山岩屑的碎屑岩,局部可发育较好砂岩储层,侏罗系本身可构成妨好的生储盖组合。     

Multi-scale Characteristics and Comprehensive Evaluation of Precipitation Heterogeneity in Guangxi

Aiming at the uneven spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation and frequent occurrence of drought and waterlogging disasters in Guangxi, the multi-scale characteristics and comprehensive evaluation of precipitation heterogeneity can provide scientific support for regional response to drought and waterlogging disasters and intelligent management of water resources. Based on the daily precipitation data of 87 grid points from 1961 to 2017 in Guangxi, the Precipitation Concentration Degree (PCD) and Precipitation Concentration Period (PCP) index were used to build day, pentad, ten days, month, season precipitation heterogeneity of multiple time scale level evaluation system. By using R/S analysis and geographical spatial analysis methods, the space-time evolution characteristics and climate division in Guangxi were discussed. The study showed that the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of PCD and PCP at the diurnal, synoptic and monthly scales were relatively consistent, and the heterogeneity of precipitation in Guangxi could be better expressed than that at the monthly and seasonal scales. The diachronic change of PCD in precipitation in Guangxi shows an increasing trend in northeast China and a decreasing trend in southwest China, and the trend of its future period is the same as the diachronic evolution. The spatial distribution of PCD in Guangxi has significant spatial autocorrelation and stratification heterogeneity, which are mainly reflected in the mean value, coefficient of variation and frequency of PCD. The comprehensive heterogeneity of precipitation in Guangxi is highly dispersed in the northeast, highly concentrated in the south, and slightly concentrated or dispersed in the northwest and central regions. The time-scale within a month is the best scale to express the non-uniformity of precipitation in Guangxi. If the advantages of more stable climatic and ten-day scales and more fine daily scales are taken into account, the use of climatic scale for daily sliding calculation and analysis will be the best way.     

珠江口盆地珠三坳陷文昌组有机质碳同位素异常成因

部分中国近海湖盆和大西洋裂谷盆地发现了腐泥型有机质碳同位素偏重的现象,并伴随异常高总有机碳含量和生烃潜力。本文依据泥岩有机碳测试、孢粉分析、主微量元素、泥岩和原油碳同位素及饱和烃色质色谱资料,并结合现代湖泊盘星藻发育特征,从有机质来源、古环境条件和有机质保存改造三个方面探讨了珠江口盆地珠三坳陷古近系文昌组碳同位素正偏移的成因机制。珠三坳陷文昌组碳同位素异常与气候、古生产力、古水深和藻类勃发等古环境因素有关。然而,从三级层序尺度看,古水深可能是一个不可忽视的重要因素：指示水深的Rb/K比值随深度加深而增加,与碳同位素和TOC含量变化趋势一致。同时现代湖泊研究也证实了盘星藻分布于不同水深范围,因此“深水型盘星藻”的繁盛很可能是珠三坳陷文昌组二段烃源岩碳同位素偏重的根本原因。     

深海碎屑岩层序地层学50年(1970—2020)重要进展

层序地层学是当前地球科学研究颇为关注的领域,被广泛应用于沉积盆地分析和油气勘探.碎屑岩层序地层学理论方法源于海相盆地,是在被动大陆边缘油气勘探实践的基础上凝练而来的,至今已经历了约50年的发展历程.本文梳理了深海碎屑岩层序过去50年发展历程中的重要进展(包括1970—2000年的经典海相碎屑岩层序地层学、2000—20...     

Tectonic geomorphology in the Hexi Corridor, north-west China

The Hexi Corridor is a Cenozoic foreland basin system at the north-eastern margin of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. Active faults, having clear geomorphological expression, are mainly NW-trending reverse-sinistral faults and NNW-trending reverse-dextral faults. From the south-west to the north-east, landforms can be divided into three parallel zones arranged along the WNW faults. Longitudinally, three transverse uplifted blocks divide the Hexi Corridor into four subbasins. North-eastward motion of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau and eastward motion of the north-east part of the Plateau resulted in compressive and shear deformations and controlled the geomorphological pattern in the Hexi Corridor.     

地理试题透视六大解题思维——以浙江省选考试题为例

思维是指人脑借助于语言对客观事物的概括和间接反应的过程,以感知为基础,又超越感知的界限,它探索与发现事物的内部本质联系和规律性,是认识过程的高级阶段。目前国内针对地理解题的思维研究相对较少,本文以浙江省历年选考地理试题为例,总结和提炼出六大解题思维,即:逆向思维、收支平衡思维、比较思维、发散思维、空间思维、辩证思维,旨在帮助学生掌握分析和解答地理问题的方法,从而有效提升高中地理学习和复习效果,增强学生学习地理的兴趣。同时在培养学生的地理解题思维过程中,落实地理学科核心素养的培育。     

Revisiting pulsar velocities using Gaia Data Release 2

Precise measurements of neutron star(NS) velocities provide critical clues in regard to the supernova physics and evolution of binary systems. Based on Gaia Data Release 2(DR2), we selected a sample of 24 young( 3 Myr) pulsars with precise parallax measurements and measured the velocity of their local standard of rest(LSR) and the velocity dispersion among their respective local stellar groups. The median velocity difference between thus calculated LSRs and the Galactic rotation model is ～ 7.6 km s~(-1),small compared to the typical velocity dispersion of ～ 27.5 km s~(-1). For pulsars off the Galactic plane,such differences grow significantly to as large as ～ 40 km s~(-1). More importantly, the velocity dispersion of stars in the local group of low-velocity pulsars can be comparable to their transverse velocities, suggesting that the intrinsic velocities of NS progenitors should be taken into account when we consider their natal kicks and binary evolution. We also examined the double NS system J0737-3039 A/B, and measured its transverse velocity to be 26_(-13)~(+18) km s~(-1) assuming nearby Gaia sources are representative of their birth environment. This work demonstrated the feasibility and importance of using Gaia data to study the velocity of individual systems and velocity distribution of NSs.