Multi-scale Characteristics and Comprehensive Evaluation of Precipitation Heterogeneity in Guangxi

Aiming at the uneven spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation and frequent occurrence of drought and waterlogging disasters in Guangxi, the multi-scale characteristics and comprehensive evaluation of precipitation heterogeneity can provide scientific support for regional response to drought and waterlogging disasters and intelligent management of water resources. Based on the daily precipitation data of 87 grid points from 1961 to 2017 in Guangxi, the Precipitation Concentration Degree (PCD) and Precipitation Concentration Period (PCP) index were used to build day, pentad, ten days, month, season precipitation heterogeneity of multiple time scale level evaluation system. By using R/S analysis and geographical spatial analysis methods, the space-time evolution characteristics and climate division in Guangxi were discussed. The study showed that the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of PCD and PCP at the diurnal, synoptic and monthly scales were relatively consistent, and the heterogeneity of precipitation in Guangxi could be better expressed than that at the monthly and seasonal scales. The diachronic change of PCD in precipitation in Guangxi shows an increasing trend in northeast China and a decreasing trend in southwest China, and the trend of its future period is the same as the diachronic evolution. The spatial distribution of PCD in Guangxi has significant spatial autocorrelation and stratification heterogeneity, which are mainly reflected in the mean value, coefficient of variation and frequency of PCD. The comprehensive heterogeneity of precipitation in Guangxi is highly dispersed in the northeast, highly concentrated in the south, and slightly concentrated or dispersed in the northwest and central regions. The time-scale within a month is the best scale to express the non-uniformity of precipitation in Guangxi. If the advantages of more stable climatic and ten-day scales and more fine daily scales are taken into account, the use of climatic scale for daily sliding calculation and analysis will be the best way.     

珠江口盆地珠三坳陷文昌组有机质碳同位素异常成因

部分中国近海湖盆和大西洋裂谷盆地发现了腐泥型有机质碳同位素偏重的现象,并伴随异常高总有机碳含量和生烃潜力。本文依据泥岩有机碳测试、孢粉分析、主微量元素、泥岩和原油碳同位素及饱和烃色质色谱资料,并结合现代湖泊盘星藻发育特征,从有机质来源、古环境条件和有机质保存改造三个方面探讨了珠江口盆地珠三坳陷古近系文昌组碳同位素正偏移的成因机制。珠三坳陷文昌组碳同位素异常与气候、古生产力、古水深和藻类勃发等古环境因素有关。然而,从三级层序尺度看,古水深可能是一个不可忽视的重要因素：指示水深的Rb/K比值随深度加深而增加,与碳同位素和TOC含量变化趋势一致。同时现代湖泊研究也证实了盘星藻分布于不同水深范围,因此“深水型盘星藻”的繁盛很可能是珠三坳陷文昌组二段烃源岩碳同位素偏重的根本原因。     

南水北调中线水源地河水地球化学特征与流域侵蚀

丹江口水库及其上游流域是南水北调中线工程的水源地,本文讨论了水源地河流水化学与锶同位素(87Sr/86Sr)组成变化特征,目的在于了解水源地流域河流地表水溶质的物质来源以及岩石风化侵蚀过程和人为活动的影响。流域内河流水化学组成以Ca2+、HCO3-为主,Mg2+和SO42-次之,反映了碳酸盐岩风化溶解起控制作用的典型特征。水化学分析表明水源地河水受到工农业活动等人为因素的影响;河流87Sr/86Sr同位素地球化学研究表明,流域岩石风化输入至少存在三个不同端员(硅酸岩、石灰岩和白云岩)之间的混合。水源地流域内硅酸岩和碳酸岩的风化侵蚀速率分别为38.6和4.4 t/km2.a,总岩石风化侵蚀速率高于全球河流平均值。     

Tectonic geomorphology in the Hexi Corridor, north-west China

The Hexi Corridor is a Cenozoic foreland basin system at the north-eastern margin of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. Active faults, having clear geomorphological expression, are mainly NW-trending reverse-sinistral faults and NNW-trending reverse-dextral faults. From the south-west to the north-east, landforms can be divided into three parallel zones arranged along the WNW faults. Longitudinally, three transverse uplifted blocks divide the Hexi Corridor into four subbasins. North-eastward motion of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau and eastward motion of the north-east part of the Plateau resulted in compressive and shear deformations and controlled the geomorphological pattern in the Hexi Corridor.     

贵州省秋季雨日时空变化及其与大气环流的关系

利用贵州省81站1964—2013年秋季(9—11月)雨日数及美国国家环境预报中心/大气研究中心(NCEP/NCAR)再分析资料,借助Morlet小波、合成分析等相关诊断方法,对贵州省秋季雨日数时空特征及其与大气环流的关系进行了分析。结果表明:贵州省秋季雨日数分布由东南部向西北部逐渐增多,一般在30.0~52.3 d。近50年秋季全省平均雨日数为40.5 d,总体呈减少趋势,每10年雨日数减少1.9 d。秋季雨日数突变发生在1987年前后,1964—1987年为偏多时段,1988—2013年为偏少时段,其中1997年以后减少趋势最为明显。近50年贵州秋季雨日序列存在准5 a和2~3 a的振荡周期,其中准5 a振荡最为显著。当贵州秋季雨日异常偏多时,南海上空的水汽通量在贵州地区辐合抬升,来自低纬地区的暖湿空气输送更加活跃,东亚大槽偏强,低纬度地区槽脊略有加深,贵州处于印缅槽前,偏南气流强盛,从而有利于冷、暖空气在贵州地区交汇,形成阴雨天气,造成贵州秋季雨日数异常偏多;反之亦然。     

吉林省一次强对流天气的中尺度分析

作者对１９９３年８月１２日发生在吉林省境内的一次龙卷风天气进行了分析。结果表明：在出现龙卷风之前和形成初期，地面风场，高空环流形势，Ｑ↑→矢量散度，对流稳定度和能量场诸方面都有表现，可提供预报信息。     

聚类分析在暴雨预报和环流形势分型中的应用

数值预报投入业务运行以来，高空形势预报具有较高的准确率，要素预报的准确率也在不断提高，对数值预报产品的释用是近年来人们极为关注的问题，作者早用数值预报５００ｈＰａ高度场及降水实况资料，采用聚类分析法，研究暴雨落区预报和我国暴雨环流形势特征，所得结果在暴雨预报业务中有一定参考价值，同时也给出我国暴雨环流型。     

MODIS遥感监测滇池蓝藻水华分布

以中分辨率的MODIS数据作为遥感影像源,运用蓝藻水华在蓝波段、红波段和近红外波段的光谱特征,使用假彩色合成法（RGB：6-2-1）和归一化植被指数法对滇池的蓝藻水华进行遥感监测。通过星地同步试验,证明了该两种方法的正确性。其中假彩色合成法通过色彩差异表现蓝藻水华,具有视觉效果较好的优点,归一化植被指数法则以数值大小的方式区别水华浓度,该方法建立反演模型后可用于定量研究。     

新沂地震台地电阻率变化与江苏邻近地区的中强震关系的研究

运用速率法、滑动傅氏对新沂地震台（以下简称新沂台）1990-1999年地电阻率观测资料进行了分析,1994年到1997年之间江苏及邻近地区发生的中强震,新沂台地电阻率3个测向有不同程度的异常与之对应。研究结果表明资料异常呈现的各向异性与孕震期的应力状态、震区构造、介质结构有关。表明了前兆异常的复杂性、多样性。     

中国区域地壳稳定性定量化评价与分区

中国地处环太平洋构造带与地中海构造带交接部位,地质构造复杂,活动性较为强烈,各种内动力地质灾害比较严重,总体看来中国区域地壳稳定性相对较差。为了使区域地壳稳定性评价与分区获得定量化认识,更好地服务于经济建设和减灾防灾,本文在分析中国现今活动的主要构造体系与内动力地质灾害的分布规律的基础上,首先进行区域地壳稳定性定量化评价待评区的划分;其次进行定量化评价指标的选定、取值、权重分配及评价标准的确定;最后运用模糊数学进行中国区域地壳稳定性定量化评价与分区。