Diagnostics of subseasonal prediction biases of the Asian summer monsoon by the NCEP climate forecast system

Biases of subseasonal prediction of the Asian summer monsoon are diagnosed using daily data from the hindcasts of 45-day integrations by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction Climate Forecast System version 2. The retrospective forecasts often show apparent systematic biases, which are mostly represented by the underestimation of the whole Asian monsoon. Biases depend not only on lead time, but also on the stage of monsoon evolution. An abrupt turning point of bias development appears around late June and early July, when ensemble spread and bias growth of winds and precipitation show a significant change over the northwestern Pacific (NWP) and the South Asian summer monsoon (SASM) region. The abrupt turning of bias development of winds, precipitation, and surface temperature is also captured by the first two modes of multivariate empirical orthogonal function analysis. Several features appear associated with the abrupt change in bias development: the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) begins its first northward jump and the surface temperature over the Tibetan Plateau commences a transition from warm bias to cold bias, and a reversal of surface temperature biases occurs in the eastern tropical Indian Ocean and the SASM region. The shift of WPSH position and the transition of surface thermal bias show close relationships with the formation of bias centers in winds and precipitation. The rapid growth in bias due to the strong internal atmospheric variability during short leads seems to mainly account for the weak WPSH and SASM in the model. However, at certain stages, particularly for longer-lead predictions, the biases of slowly varying components may also play an important role in bias development of winds and precipitation.     

点源冰雹云研究

本文阐述了一类新型冰雹云——点源冰雹云。文章介绍了点源冰雹云的实例、特征、演变规律、单体性质及单体之间关系等。此文还介绍了它的模式及它与传播雹云的异同。     

Operational Evaluation of the Quantitative Precipitation Estimation by a CINRAD-SA Dual Polarization Radar System

In this paper, the quantitative precipitation estimation based on hydrometeor classification (HCA-QPE) algorithm was proposed for the first operational S band dual-polarization radar promoted by the CINRAD/SA radar of China. The HCA-QPE algorithm, the localized Colorado State University-Hydrometeor Identification of Rainfall (CSU-HIDRO) and Joint Polarization Experiment (JPOLE) algorithms, and the dynamic Z-R relationships based on variational correction QPE (DRVC-QPE) algorithm were evaluated with the rainfall events from March 1 to October 30, 2017 in the Guangdong Province. The results indicated that even though the HCA-QPE algorithm did not use the observed rainfall data for correction, its estimation accuracy was better than that of the DRVC-QPE algorithm when the rainfall rate was greater than 5mm h^(-1); and the stronger the rainfall intensity, the greater the QPE improvement. And the HCA-QPE algorithm worked better than the localized CSU-HIDRO and JPOLE algorithms. This study preliminarily verified the improved accuracy of QPE by a dual-polarization radar system modified from CINRAD-SA radar.     

基于随机补片和DeepLabV3+的建筑物遥感图像变化检测

为有效解决传统遥感图像变化检测预处理复杂的问题,提出一种基于随机补片和DeepLabV3+的建筑物遥感图像变化检测方法。以ResNet50特征提取网络为基础,创建DeepLabV3+语义分割网络,并在图像和标签中创建大小为224像素×224像素的随机补片作为网络输入,训练建筑物提取网络;修改建筑物提取网络输入层为6通道,通过矩阵运算将两期遥感图像转换为一幅6通道非RGB图像,利用转换后的非RGB图像进行网络训练并验证变化检测精度。实验1利用ENVI5.3软件,采用马氏距离法进行变化检测;实验2采用改进的U-Net网络和随机补片,完成网络训练和精度验证;实验3使用实验2的训练数据和验证数据,采用随机补片和DeepLabV3+网络进行变化检测网络训练及精度验证。实验结果表明,该方法实验1、实验2、实验3建筑物变化检测平均交并比分别为24.43%、83.14%、89.90%,边界轮廓匹配分数分别为61.47%,80.24%、96.51%。     

云南地区背景噪声层析成像

选取云南省区域台网46个地震台从2007年11月—2009年10月的宽频带噪声数据, 通过互相关方法获得经验格林函数, 采用自适应时频分析方法获取相速度频散曲线, 并且反演得到8—40 s的相速度分布图. 研究结果表明： 云南地区短周期相速度低速异常与地表断裂带分布和沉积层厚度密切相关; 在短周期相速度分布图上, 红河断裂南北段呈现差异, 表明红河断裂南北段周边介质存在物性差异, 这可能是造成地震活动南北差异的主要原因; 长周期相速度分布图显示, 红河断裂和小江断裂带存在低速异常, 可能是切穿地壳的超壳断裂, 该低速异常可能与深部热作用有关; 红河断裂和小江断裂带交汇地区存在高速异常, 该高速异常体对川滇块体深部介质向南运动可能起到了阻挡的作用. 本文结果为下一步反演云南地区的三维剪切波速度结构奠定了基础.     

整点气温缺测的插补方法研究及其初步应用

长期连续完整的历史气温资料是震前气温异常判别研究的重要数据基础。本文考虑了参考站与缺测站之间的距离,建立改进的线性回归模型。利用该模型插补缺测和错误的气温整点值数据,在一定程度上解决了长期连续观测数据缺测的情况。通过对收集的唐山观测站气温整点值数据进行插补,并应用插补完整的数据分析研究了2012年5月28日唐山4.8级地震前兆异常。结果表明:①插补值与其前后观测值衔接吻合,插补后完整连续数据符合夏高冬低的年变规律;②插补误差在±0.5℃范围内的比例为60.2%,在±0.8℃范围内的比例为80.3%,其误差绝对值大于1.0℃的比例为9.6%,平均绝对误差为0.84℃,插补值与观测值的相关系数大部分在0.9以上;③从3月27日起出现增温异常,特别是震前2天增温幅度约8℃。     

川西新场气田沙溪庙组浅水三角洲砂体类型与展布特征

砂体类型与分布特征的差异性造就了油气储层发育的非均质性,通过岩心垂向序列特征明确了沙溪庙组砂体成因类型,并综合测井、地震资料刻画了不同类型砂体的空间分布。沙溪庙组浅水三角洲平原发育垂积型主河道、侧积/填积型次河道砂体以及溢岸砂体,前缘发育侧积型近端水下分流河道、填积型远端水下分流河道、进积型河口坝砂体以及席状砂体;平原主河道砂体厚度多大于10 m,宽600~1 800 m,通过同位垂向切叠与侧向等高程切叠而形成毯状连片砂体,次河道砂体多位于主河道侧缘,厚度平均7.5 m,物性较差,并常被主河道切割而零星分布;内前缘近端水下分流河道砂体厚4~8 m,宽500~1 200 m,多错位切叠或拼接接触,呈带状;远端水下分流河道发育于三角洲外前缘,单砂体厚2.5~6 m,宽200~700 m,平面呈鞋带状,砂体孤立;前缘河口坝砂体分布较少,垂向上常被河道切叠;平原相带两类河道砂体的物性差异造成了储层内部的非均质性,而三角洲前缘储层的非均质性更多在于不同类型砂体的迷宫状展布上。     

包头地区二次大雪过程的成因分析

文章应用常规资料,从天气环流形势演变、物理量等方面,对2000年1月10—11日包头地区普降大雪过程作了客观的分析,揭示了大雪过程的发生、发展机制,对今后分析大雪过程具有一定指导意义。     

电流对钋青霉菌吸附和固定铅离子的响应机制

重金属铅污染是一种主要的环境污染类型,对生态以及人类健康存在着极大的威胁。如何修复铅污染是目前亟待解决的关键性问题。在众多的铅污染修复方法中,微生物修复法具有独特的优势。本实验中所使用的钋青霉菌是已被验证的对铅具有高耐受度和高吸附率的优秀菌种。在此基础上,本实验的主要研究目的在于进一步提高该菌种对铅的吸附、固定能力。实验采用双室电解池体系,分组设置0.5 V至1.5 V的梯度槽压,以观察不同电压下电流对钋青霉菌生长环境及对铅离子吸附作用的影响。实验结果表明,电流既可能促进也可能抑制钋青霉菌对铅离子的吸附和固定作用,其作用结果与外加电压的大小有关,在1.0~1.25 V的最适电压区间下,电流能增强钋青霉菌对铅离子的吸附和固定能力。     

Purification, characterization and ELISA of metallothionein from red scorponifish, Sebastiscus marmoratus

INTRODUCTIONATislowKWCys-rich(aboutonethird)metal-bindingprotein,lackofaromaticaminoacidresidues.AThasbeenfoundinkidneysandliversofmanymammals,andalsoininvertebrates,microorganismsandplants.ThepresenceofanAT-likeproteinhasbeenfoundinanumberofaquaticorganisms,includingtheplaice(Overnelletal.,1977),rock-fish(Olafsonetal.,1974),goldfish(Marafant,1976),andcrabandshrimp(Olafsonetal.,1979).AThasbecomethesubjectofgreatInterestinrecentyearsduetotheirwideexistenceandmetalaffinity.Scientistsha…