基于金字塔影像分割的水域提取在海岛礁空中三角测量中的应用

在自动空中三角测量中,从水域提取的连接点稳健性差,不能用于平差计算而要予以剔除。海岛礁影像包含大面积的水域,而平差算法本身一般无法完全剔除落水点,如果进行人工编辑则工作量太大,为此提出一种基于金字塔影像分割的水域提取算法,首先对海岛礁影像进行分割,然后通过一种基于直方图的自适应阈值的二值化方法提取出水域,进而剔除落水的特征点,最终实现了海岛礁测图中的高精度自动空中三角测量,提高了生产效率。     

江苏数字地震台网中心记录波形分析

对江苏数字地震台网的波形资料,从震相、频谱、振幅比3个方面进行对比分析,找出天然地震、人工爆破、塌陷的不同之处,能够在地震定位过程中快速识别,并将此方法在江苏地震台网实际工作中应用。     

Neural networks to simulate regional ground water levels affected by human activities

In arid regions, human activities like agriculture and industry often require large ground water extractions. Under these circumstances, appropriate ground water management policies are essential for preventing aquifer overdraft, and thereby protecting critical ecologic and economic objectives. Identification of such policies requires accurate simulation capability of the ground water system in response to hydrological, meteorological, and human factors. In this research, artificial neural networks (ANNs) were developed and applied to investigate the effects of these factors on ground water levels in the Minqin oasis, located in the lower reach of Shiyang River Basin, in Northwest China. Using data spanning 1980 through 1997, two ANNs were developed to model and simulate dynamic ground water levels for the two subregions of Xinhe and Xiqu. The ANN models achieved high predictive accuracy, validating to 0.37 m or less mean absolute error. Sensitivity analyses were conducted with the models demonstrating that agricultural ground water extraction for irrigation is the predominant factor responsible for declining ground water levels exacerbated by a reduction in regional surface water inflows. ANN simulations indicate that it is necessary to reduce the size of the irrigation area to mitigate ground water level declines in the oasis. Unlike previous research, this study demonstrates that ANN modeling can capture important temporally and spatially distributed human factors like agricultural practices and water extraction patterns on a regional basin (or subbasin) scale, providing both high-accuracy prediction capability and enhanced understanding of the critical factors influencing regional ground water conditions.     

Kriging插值和序贯高斯条件模拟算法的对比分析

本文对Kriging插值与序贯高斯条件模拟值的算法联系进行了推导,并将两种计算结果和原始数据的统计参数作了对比。结果表明,Monto-carlo方法求得的序贯高斯条件模拟值经数学变换后等同于已知数据和此前模拟数据共同参与的Kriging插值结果与一个随机偏差的和,该随机偏差的均值为0,方差为Kriging误差方差。最优性条件导致Kriging插值结果的方差较原始数据降低了1个Kriging误差方差,造成Kriging平滑效应,其空间变异函数值降低,但自协方差函数值不变。序贯高斯条件模拟避免了平滑效应,其方差、变异函数和自协方差函数均不变,而其模拟值的误差方差较Kriging误差方差增加了1倍,表明1次随机模拟值的误差比Kriging插值大。然而,多次随机模拟值的平均值与Kriging插值的地理制图效果近似,可以弥补局部估值误差大的不足。因此,在应用中,Kriging插值是提供局部最优估计的方法,但却低估了全局的空间变异。而序贯高斯条件模拟的优点,在于提供若干等可能概率的模拟结果以进行估值的不确定性评价,并再现全局的空间可变性。     

不同环境条件下无菌和自然带菌波吉卵囊藻生长的比较

比较不同温度、光照及海水相对密度条件下无菌与自然带菌波吉卵囊藻(Oocystis borgei)生长的差异。结果表明:在20℃时,无菌藻的比增长率(μ)和叶绿素a(Chla)含量分别为0.398d-1和0.117mg/L,均显著高于带菌藻(P<0.05),在28和35℃时,无菌藻和带菌藻生长无显著性差异(P>0.05);在照度为16μmol·m-2·s-1时,无菌藻平均比增长率μ和Chla含量分别为0.345d-1和0.123mg/L,均显著高于带菌藻(P<0.05),在照度为39和88μmol·m-2·s-1条件下,无菌藻和带菌藻生长无显著性差异(P>0.05);在海水密度为1.007、1.020和1.030g/mL时,无菌藻和带菌藻的生长均无显著性差异(P>0.05),μ和Chla含量分别为0.325～0.374d-1和0.085～0.133mg/L。     

Preparation and biological efficacy of haddock bone calcium tablets

To investigate the possible use of waste products obtained after processing haddock, the present study prepared haddock bone calcium powder by NaOH and ethanol soaking (alkalinealcohol method) and prepared haddock bone calcium tablets using the powder in combination with appropriate excipients. The biological efficacy of the haddock bone calcium tablets was investigated using Wistar rats as an experiment model. Results show that the optimal parameters for the alkalinealcohol method are: NaOH concentration 1 mol/L, immersion time 30 h; ethanol concentration 60%, immersion time 15 h. A mixture of 2% polyvinylpyrrolidone in ethanol was used as an excipient at a ratio of 1:2 to full-cream milk powder, without the use of a disintegrating agent. This process provided satisfactory tablets in terms of rigidity and taste. Animal studies showed that the haddock bone calcium tablets at a dose of 2 g·kg⁻¹·d⁻¹ or 5g·kg⁻¹·d⁻¹ significantly increased blood calcium and phosphorus levels and bone calcium content in rats. Therefore, these tablets could be used for calcium supplementation and prevent osteoporosis. Although the reasons of high absorption in the rats fed with haddock bone calcium tablets are unclear, it is suggested that there are some factors, such as treatment with method of alkaline-alcohol or the added milk, may play positive roles in increasing absorption ratio.     

Late Mesozoic-Cenozoic Exhumation of the Northern Hexi Corridor: Constrained by Apatite Fission Track Ages of the Longshoushan

The apatite fission track (AFT) ages and thermal modeling of the Longshoushan and deformation along the northern Hexi Corridor on the northern side of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau show that the Longshoushan along the northern corridor had experienced important multi-stage exhumations during the Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic. The AFT ages of 7 samples range from 31.9 Ma to 111.8 Ma. Thermal modeling of the AFT ages of the samples shows that the Longshoushan experienced significant exhumation during the Late Cretaceous to the Early Cenozoic (~130–25 Ma). The Late Cretaceous exhumation of the Longshoushan may have resulted from the continuous compression between the Lhasa and Qiangtang blocks and the flat slab subduction of the Neo-Tethys oceanic plate, which affected wide regions across the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. During the Early Cenozoic, the Longshoushan still experienced exhumation, but this process was caused by the Indian-Eurasian collision. Since this time, the Longshoushan was in a stable stage for approximately 20 Ma and experienced erosion. Since ~5 Ma, obvious tectonic deformation occurred along the entire northern Hexi Corridor, which has also been reported from the peripheral regions of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, especially in the Qilianshan and northeastern margin of the plateau. The AFT ages and the Late Cenozoic deformation of the northern Hexi Corridor all indicate that the present northern boundary of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is situated along the northern Hexi Corridor.     

1961-2012年北疆干旱时空变化

基于北疆38个气象站1961-2012年逐日的气象数据和综合气象干旱指数,探究了北疆干旱的时空演变特征。结果表明：1961-2012年,北疆旱情有所缓解,但干旱仍然频发,且全域性干旱较多,其中夏旱和秋旱较多且覆盖范围较大。干旱频次和干旱覆盖范围呈减少趋势,干旱强度逐渐减弱。四季中,冬季干旱缓解最为明显,其次是春季和夏季,秋季干旱略有缓解。空间上,自东南和东部向西北,旱情逐渐减轻。干旱强度和干旱频次中南部减势最明显,干旱频发会有所改善;东部减势较弱,干旱频发将会持续;西北部减势最弱,旱情仍持续较轻。气候变化下,北疆降水量和潜在蒸散量分别与综合气象干旱指数存在显著的正相关和负相关,北疆降水量的增加趋势和潜在蒸散量的减少趋势对北疆干旱缓解有重要的作用。     

太阳2cm射电爆发精细结构的形态分析

本文介绍了北京师范大学天文系,在2cm波段上观测到的太阳射电精细结构(FS).这些FS都是叠加在微波爆发上的.其中重点对1990年5月23日与AR6063活动区成协的一个47GB型微波大爆发上叠加的FS的形态特征进行了分析.计算了几个有关的参数,并对结果进行了简单的讨论.     

2cm波段太阳射电爆发中的时间精细结构

本文首次报道了在1990年4—5月期间,2cm波段上叠加在微波爆发上的时间精细结构。