卟啉类化合物在光度分析中的应用新进展

卟啉类化合物应用于光度分析灵敏度高、方法简便,并能测定多种元素。本文就1987年以来的国内文献作一综述(1987年前见文献)。从中可见,卟啉在光度法同时测定多组分、荧光分析、离子交换树脂比色法、光度法与HPLC联用以及作为生物模拟酶应用于光度分析等方面的潜力仍有待挖掘。     

北秦岭—北祁连(天水—宝鸡)间早生古代火山岩系及其构造连接关系的研究

依据新发现的生物化石和同位素数据,将分布在陕、甘边界一带的原“牛头河群”哑岩系分解为元古代陇山群、秦岭群和早古生代葫芦河群与丹凤群(西延部分)。葫芦河群为北祁连加里东褶皱带的东廷部分,除局部为晚期宝鸡花岗岩侵位间隔外,基本上可与北秦岭地区的古生代斜峪关群相连接,在研究区内与北秦岭地区的奥陶纪草滩沟群,呈以寒武系为核心、两翼为奥陶系火山岩的复式背斜构造。解体后秦岭群呈断续相连的古老岩块,向西可与祁连中间隆起相衔接,丹风群向西延展可伸入祁连造山带的陇西一带,初步认为陇山群与走廊过渡带内的古老隆起相当。据早古生代葫芦河群及其火山岩系的研究,笔者发现从秦安至宝鸡,有近100km的基性枕状熔岩带,并依其相伴产出的超镁铁质-镁铁质(似)堆晶岩、辉绿岩墙及硅质岩等岩石组合单元,认为属与北祁连和北秦岭北带相当的蛇绿岩带。西延的丹凤群亦主要为火山岩(包括枕状熔岩)与超镁铁岩等岩石单元组成的蛇绿岩带。据此提出,北秦岭与北祁连不但是相互连接的,而且具有中间为古老隆起(秦岭群)岩块、两侧为早古生代火山岩(蛇绿岩)带的相同构造格架组合型式,同为我国华北与扬子板块间的碰撞拼合带产物。早古生代火山岩岩石学研究表明,各岩群皆以拉斑质(TH)+钙碱质(CA)岩石系列组合为主,部分岩群的钙碱系列呈双峰岩套特征,显示为岛弧或岛弧初期与裂谷末期阶段活动构造背景。依区内已知超镁铁岩体多呈断裂构造及其旁支系统产生情况,提出为岛弧根部或上地幔物质,受南、北板块碰撞挤压,沿断裂上升就位机制所形成。此外,对区内已知与火山岩有关的块状硫化物型矿床的矿床类型、特征和成矿规律等进行了研讨,提出它们的岩控和时控特征和一些发现新矿床可能性的远景地段。     

ON THE VARIETY AND COMPLEXITY OF THE SHORT-TERM AND URGENT PRECURSORS OF THE TANGSHAN EARTHQUAKE

The Tangshan earthquake(M=7.8)which occurred on July 28, 1976 is the greatest event among the modern catastrophes in China. It occurred in a region that was the most densely networked with seismic stations, a region that had the longest history in seismological work and had received     

层序界面和界线层型相结合而产生的地层划分的一个新概念：最优自然界线

通过对层序界面的详细剖析，指明了层序地层系统是独立存在于地方性的岩石地层系统和全球性的年代地层系统之间的区域性、过渡性地层系统，并因此提出了一个新的三重地层分类方案；通过将层序界面概念和界线层型概念有机地结合起来，提出了应该将全球层型剖面和点选在层序界面的整合部位从而建立最佳自然界线的观点，为建阶工作指出了工程层位和地区；以二叠纪Ｇｕａｄａｌｕｐｉａｎ统和乐平统的分界研究为实例，对最佳自然界线的概     

假玄武玻璃及其形成过程和机制综述

对假玄武玻璃的概念和特征以及形成环境和产状作了综合性描述，并对其摩擦熔融成因进行了论证，对假玄武玻璃的形成过程和形成机制以及形成假玄武玻璃的地震断层的动力机制、活动方式和脉动性质进行了深入探讨；同时对母岩矿物性质和流体对假玄武玻璃形成的影响进行了分析，概述了假玄武玻璃形成过程中的化学成分变化，最后提出了有待进一步研究的几个问题。     

中国地震历史资料的信息开发与利用

本文对全国历史地震资料的有用信息作了进一步的开发和利用，按统一方法处理了大量有感以上地震的文字记载，确字每个独立地震的时间与地点；分区求得地震的有感区长半径与震级的关系式；确定了历史有感地震的最低震级为４；取得了８０００余次有感地震垢基本参数；用等震线测定了巨大地震的参数；将有感强震目录统编成全国与几个大区Ｍ≥４．０地震目录，按《地震学地震预报实用程序系统》（ＥＰＳＥＩＳ）的格式要求建库；同时编制     

关于发展我国地震科技信息工作的思考

地震科技信息的积累和应用是我国地震科学事业发展的基础，我国的地震信息工作在地震预报的探索和研究中以及地震工程应用中，均发挥了重要的作用，为进一步认识地震科技信息的重要性，发展这一事业，本文就地震科学研究与地震科技信息的内在联系，地震科技信息的运行机制及地震科技信息工作的发展提出了一些新的观点。     

江西西华山花岗岩的演化与脉钨矿床的成矿关系

江西西华山脉钨矿床的形成与含钨花岗岩浆演化密切相关,“附加侵入”二云母或白云母碱性长石花岗岩的出现,对脉钨矿床的形成具有重要意义。脉钨矿床形成的全过程可概况为:从深熔—重熔花岗质岩浆产生→岩浆不断的分异并多次上侵→含钨岩浆的结晶分异(主侵入成岩)→碱质自交代→低熔岩浆的形成和气热分馏(附加侵入成岩)→细晶岩等的贯入和成矿流体最后从岩浆中彻底分离→成矿流体上升充填交代及其性质的演变→黑钨矿(长石)石英脉的形成。     

Using Traditional Methods and Indigenous Technologies for Coping With Climate Variability

In agrometeorology and management of meteorology related natural resources, many traditional methods and indigenous technologies are still in use or being revived for managing low external inputs sustainable agriculture (LEISA) under conditions of climate variability. This paper starts with the introduction of an “end-to-end” climate information build up and transfer system in agrometeorology, in which the use of such methods and technologies must be seen to operate. It then reviews the options that LEISA farmers have in risk management of agrometeorological and agroclimatological calamities. This is based on the role that the pertinent meteorological/climatological parameters and phenomena play as limiting factors in agricultural production and the expectations on their variability. Subsequently, local case studies are given as examples of preparedness strategies to cope with i). variable water/moisture flows, including mechanical impacts of rain and/or hail, ii). variable temperature and heat flows, including fires, and iii). fitting cropping periods to the varying seasons, everywhere including related phenomena as appropriate. The paper ends with a series of important additional considerations without which the indicated strategies cannot be successful on a larger scale and in the long run.     

The Relative Impact of Regional Scale Land Cover Change and Increasing CO2 over China

A series of 17-yr equilibrium simulations using the NCAR CCM3 (T42 resolution) were performed to investigate the regional scale impacts of land cover change and increasing CO2 over China. Simulations with natural and current land cover at CO2 levels of 280,355, 430, and 505 ppmv were conducted. Results show statistically significant changes in major climate fields (e.g. temperature and surface wind speed) on a 15-yr average following land cover change. We also found increases in the maximum temperature and in the diurnal temperature range due to land cover change. Increases in CO2 affect both the maximum and minimum temperature so that changes in the diurnal range are small. Both land cover change and CO2 change also impact the frequency distribution of precipitation with increasing CO2 tending to lead to more intense precipitation and land cover change leading to less intense precipitation-indeed, the impact of land cover change typically had the opposite effect versus the impacts of CO2. Our results provide support for the inclusion of future land cover change scenarios in long-term transitory climate inodelling experiments of the 21st Century. Our results also support the inclusion of land surface models that can represent future land cover changes resulting from an ecological response to natural climate variability or increasing CO2. Overall, we show that land cover change can have a significant impact on the regional scale climate of China, and that regionally, this impact is of a similar magnitude to increases in CO2 of up to about 430 ppmv. This means that that the impact of land cover change must be accounted for in detection and attribution studies over China.