砖石古塔震害程度与地震烈度的对应关系研究

依据四川省汶川地震中损伤的砖石古塔统计资料,结合现场考证和资料分析,探讨了古塔震害程度与地震烈度的对应关系.研究表明,砖石古塔因结构高大、材料老化,对地震作用较为敏感;在地震烈度Ⅵ度区域,52％以上的古塔出现局部损坏,在地震烈度Ⅸ度及以上区域,75％以上的古塔完全毁坏;按照中国现行抗震设防标准,在设防烈度Ⅵ度至Ⅸ度的范围内建立砖石古塔震害程度与地震烈度的表述关系是合适的.论文针对古塔的结构特征、地震损伤状况以及文物修复的要求,提出了古塔震害的分级定义,确定了砖石古塔震害程度与地震烈度对应的参考指标.     

基于综合震害指数的玉树地震烈度遥感评估研究

本文概述了地震烈度遥感评估的思路和方法,给出了遥感综合震害指数、地面等效震害指数计算的模型和地震烈度估计方法。利用2010年青海玉树7.1级地震发生后获取的主要地震灾区玉树县城区结古镇高分辨率航空遥感影像及其遥感震害解译结果和震后地震现场震害遥感比对科学考察成果,进行了结古镇的地震受灾程度和地震烈度的遥感评估。综合分析表明,玉树县城区遥感评估的地震烈度为IX度,与地面调查确定的地震烈度一致。文章最后对结果进行了讨论,表明遥感方法对应急烈度评估具有实用价值。     

甘肃东南地区构造活动与2013年岷县—漳县MS6.6级地震孕震机制

位于南北地震带中北段的甘东南地区,其构造变形和构造活动特征与青藏高原向北东方向的扩展密切相关,该地区复杂的构造几何形态主要受控于东昆仑断裂和西秦岭北缘断裂,区域新构造运动主要动力来源于青藏高原向北东的扩展.近年来,甘东南地区中强地震频发,本文主要通过对该地区构造活动特征、历史地震等资料的综合分析讨论,结合地球物理、地震学和野外调查等资料,认为青藏高原东北部东昆仑断裂的向北挤压和向东的运动是该地区构造应力集中的主要原因,也是该地区中强地震的主要孕震环境和机制,而西秦岭北缘断裂的走滑及向南北两侧逆冲“花状构造”是临潭—宕昌断裂带上中强地震频繁发生的一个重要动力因素.2013年7月22日发生在甘肃岷县—漳县的M_S6.6级地震正好位于临潭—宕昌断裂带中东段上,是该断裂分段不均匀活动的结果.     

Statistical interpretation of the daily variation of urban water consumption in Beijing,China

Abstract

The efficient planning and design of water networks, as well as the management and strategies of existing water supply systems, require accurate short-term water demand forecasts. In this study, a statistical model for the estimation of daily urban water consumption was developed. The model was applied to analyse and forecast the daily water consumption in the main district of Beijing, China, from 2006 to 2010. The model exhibited good performance with a coefficient of determination, R², greater than 0.9 in both the calibration and validation periods. The results indicate that: (a) the 7-day moving average temperature is an efficient variable that can be used to depict water-use variation in a year; (b) a daily maximum temperature of 31.1°C and the occurrence of precipitation are two thresholds of water-use behaviour; and (c) the current day’s water consumption has a strong correlation with the consumption of one, two and seven days ago.

Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz; Associate editor D. Yang

Citation Zhang, D.W., et al., 2013. Statistical interpretation of the daily variation of urban water consumption in Beijing, China. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 59 (1), 181–192.     

The relationship between organic matter and specific surface area in <2 μm clay size fraction of muddy source rock

The adsorption of organic matter(OM)onto clay minerals has long been considered as a significant way of OM preservation in source rock.Here we analyzed the relationship between OM and the specific surface area(SSA)of <2μm clay size fraction isolated from 13 source rock cores collected from Dongying depression.Rock-Eval pyrolysis and N2 adsorption experiment were employed to probe the characteristics of OM and SSA(denoted SBET)in samples before and after OM extraction using trichloromethane.The results indicate that various kinds of OM occurrence coexist in clay size fraction and their contributions to hydrocarbon are different in each period of OM evolution.The occurrence and amount of OM affect the S BET of clay size fraction,and a nonlinear negative correlation between total organic carbon(TOC)and S BET can be recognized.The soluble OM(chloroform extract "A"),mainly stored in the pore space of clay size fraction,shows a negative correlation in amount with S BET.Our data also indicate that free hydrocarbon(S1)was stored mainly in the pore space and/or the surface of clay size fraction,whereas pyrolysis hydrocarbon(S2)was mingled mainly with clay minerals.Therefore,to understand various OM occurrences and their relationship with SBET in the clay size fraction is significant in the study of generation,accumulation,and migration of hydrocarbon in muddy source rock.     

Regional distribution and diurnal variation of deep convective systems over the Asian monsoon region

Using 12 years of data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission(TRMM)-based Precipitation Radar(PR),spatial and diurnal variations of deep convective systems(DCSs)over the Asian monsoon region are analyzed.The DCSs are defined by a 20 dBZ echo top extending 14 km.The spatial distribution of DCSs genesis is also discussed,with reference to the National Centers for Environmental Prediction(NCEP)reanalysis data.The results show that DCSs occur mainly over land.They concentrate in south of 20°N during the pre-monsoon season,and then move distinctly to mid-latitude regions,with the most active region on the south slope of the Himalayas during monsoon season.DCSs over the Tibetan Plateau are more frequent than those in central-eastern China,but smaller in horizontal scale and weaker in convective intensity.DCSs in central-eastern China have more robust updrafts and generate more lightning flashes than in other Asian monsoon regions.The horizontal scale of DCSs over the ocean is larger than that over the other regions,and the corresponding minimum infrared(IR)brightness temperature is lower,whereas the convective intensity is weaker.Continental DCSs are more common from noon through midnight,and DCSs over the Tibetan Plateau are more frequently from noon through evening.Oceanic DCSs frequency has a weaker diurnal cycle with dawn maximum,and diurnal variation of DCSs over the tropical maritime continent is consistent with that over the continent.     

North Indian Ocean tropical cyclone activities influenced by the Indian Ocean Dipole mode

Using Joint Typhoon Warning Center tropical cyclone(TC)track data over the North Indian Ocean(NIO),National Centers for Environmental Prediction monthly reanalysis wind and outgoing long-wave radiation data,and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration sea surface temperature data from 1981 to 2010,spatiotemporal distributions of NIO TC activity and relationships with local sea surface temperature(SST)were studied with statistical diagnosis methods.Results of empirical orthogonal function(EOF)analysis of NIO TC occurrence frequency show that the EOF1 mode,which accounts for 16%of total variance,consistently represents variations of TC occurrence frequency over the whole NIO basin.However,spatial dis- tributions of EOF1 mode are not uniform,mainly indicating variations of westward-moving TCs in the Bay of Bengal.The prevailing TC activity variation mode oscillates significantly on a quasi-5 year interannual time scale.NIO TC activity is notably influenced by the Indian Ocean dipole(IOD)mode.When the Indian Ocean is in a positive(negative)phase of the IOD, NIO SST anomalies are warm in the west(east)and cold in the east(west),which can weaken(strengthen)convection over the Bay of Bengal and eastern Arabian Sea,and cause anticyclonic(cyclonic)atmospheric circulation anomalies at low levels. This results in less(more)TC genesis and reduced(increased)opportunities for TC occurrence in the NIO.In addition,positive(negative)IOD events may strengthen(weaken)westerly steering flow over the Bay of Bengal,which further leads to fewer(more)westward-moving TCs which appear in regions west of 90°E in that bay.     

宗地图批量打印软件的设计与实现

从权属调查工作的实际出发,详细地论述了以VB.net2005作为编程语言和开发工具实现基于CASS制作的宗地图批量打印软件的方法和过程,并对其中的一些主要功能进行了分析介绍。     

ZY-102C卫星影像融合方法评价

针对资源一号02C影像,选取主成分变换、高通滤波、小波变换和Pansharp四种融合方法,利用定性与定量的方法对各种方法的融合结果进行评价。结果表明,实验中的四种融合方法,高通滤波效果最好。     

非二次幂Curvelet变换及其在地震噪声压制中的应用

本文分析了Curvelet变换在地震数据处理中的优势及不足,提出了非二次幂Curvelet变换.主要有两点改进:(1)将经典Curvelet变换非自适应的二次幂多尺度多角度分解方式改进为基于地震数据特点的、自适应非二次幂可控多尺度多角度分解方式,可以更有效地反映地震信号的主要方向特征和频率特征;(2)在最粗尺度引入各向异性分析,实现了对低频信号的精细处理.本文通过处理合成记录和含有面波干扰的实际数据算例验证了非二次幂Curvelet变换在地震噪声压制中的有效性.