结合宏观和微观视角的东莞城市建成区扩张特征分析

分析城市扩张过程中土地的供给现状、集约应用和利用监测等,对城市精准化管理与未来发展规划具有重要意义.本文基于东莞市历年遥感影像数据,提取城市用地信息,分别从宏观和微观角度量化城市用地变化和城市扩张过程,解释城市建成区扩张特征及城市扩张时空演化规律.研究表明:宏观上东莞市建城区面积1998-2018年逐渐扩张,直至201...     

北京西部山地景观生态整治与景观规划--以北京房山区史家营乡的典型研究为例

北京市西部山区是因矿区开发使山地景观生态环境破坏的重点地区,在北京市生态环境整治与建设中具有十分重要的典型意义。不合理的煤炭资源开采导致了矿点密度大,采空塌陷区分布广,水资源急剧减少,水质污染严重,植被大规模遭破坏,水土流失严重,泥石流等灾害加重以及煤尘污染问题突出等一系列环境问题,呈现出山地生态系统遭受严重破坏的景观生态特征。本文以史家营为例,在典型调查的基础上,规划了景观生态环境恢复与重建区、种植养殖和观光生态农业示范区、果粮养殖生态农业区、林草放牧生态畜牧业示范区、生态旅游区的五个景观规划区域,探讨了生态型矿业、中低山特色生态农业和生态旅游发展的产业发展模式,并初步提出了景观生态整治的措施。     

Quantitative classification and analysis on plant communities in the middle reaches of the Tarim River

Plant communities were sampled in the lower reaches of the Tarim River, Xinjiang. The results showed that there are 23 species belonging to 21 genera in 11 families, most of which have low occurrence frequency in quadrats. The most common species is Tamarix ramosissima, which occurred in 17 sites accounting for 89.47% of the total 19 sites. Quantitative classification (TWINSPAN) and ordination (CCA) methods were used to study the distribution patterns of 23 plant species in 19 sites in this valley. TWINSPAN results showed that the plant communities in the middle reaches of the Tarim River could be divided into 3 groups and the sampling sites could be divided into 7 types in 3 groups. CCA results were consistent with TWINSPAN results, and showed species distribution patterns correlated with major environmental variables of groundwater level and soil moisture.     

生物结皮恢复过程中土壤生态因子分异特征

对新疆古尔班通古特沙漠生物结皮恢复过程中土壤因子的动态变化进行关联性测度、方差分析、相关性分析相结合的定量研究,着重分析结皮恢复年限对土壤微生物数量、养分、盐分、土壤酶的影响,有机质与土壤盐分、pH值、土壤酶的线性关系及土壤生态因子间的相关性。结果表明：相对于土层深度,有机养分、土壤酶等生态因子与生物结皮恢复年限的联系更加紧密。结皮恢复年限对全P、全K、有机质、脲酶、真菌的影响极显著（P<0.01）;对速效P、速效K、全N、总盐、中性碱性磷酸酶、蛋白酶的影响显著(P<0.05)。随结皮恢复年限的增加,结皮层和结皮以下土层中有机养分、土壤酶均有不同程度的增加,逐步具备较高的生物学活性,沙土性状变化较快,渐渐形成抗风蚀、抗干扰能力较强的地衣苔藓结皮。结皮恢复过程中pH值与有机质呈显著线性负相关（R2＝0.701,P<0.05）,土壤盐分与有机质存在线性正相关（R2＝0.653）,但显著性不强（P>0.05）。电导率、脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、中性磷酸酶、蛋白酶与有机质存在极为显著的线性正相关（R2分别为0.888、0.993、0.958、0.948、0.911,P<0.01）,土壤生态因子的协调发展和紧密配合促进了生物结皮的恢复。     

磁层亚暴期间同步高度电子通量突增的理论计算

本文在给定的电场和磁场模式下,利用引导中心的动力学方程,计算了在磁层亚暴期间同步高度处电子通量突增的过程。结果表明:在增长相期间,电子通量并不增长,甚而有下降的趋势,电子通量的突增,大约是在膨胀相的开始。突增事件是发生在地方时半夜到黎明,10点到18点这一时间内没有突增现象,18点以后又发现有突增现象。这些主要特征与卫星的观测结果相符合。     

秦岭中部山地落叶阔叶林超级垂直带的发现与意义

山地垂直带谱是气候和植被水平地带变化和更替的缩影,垂直带的带幅、带间过渡方式、带内结构和垂直带组合方式都表现出高度的异质性和复杂性。本文发现在中国南北过渡带中部太白山发育了世界上最宽的山地垂直带——山地落叶阔叶林垂直带。该垂直带从基带到典型垂直带再到先锋性垂直带皆为山地落叶阔叶林,3种本来可以独立存在的垂直带,连续分布形成了包含3个栎林亚带、2个桦林亚带的“三层五亚带”超级垂直带,远远超过正常情况下山地垂直带1000 m的阈值,且其上限达到了海拔2800 m。它的形成与秦岭所处的过渡性地理位置、秦岭中部垂直带谱的完整性、丰富的落叶木本植物种群及其形成的强大群落竞争优势等因素紧密相关。超级垂直带的发现有多方面的意义：它是中国南北过渡带又一重要的标志性自然地理特征;它表明山地垂直带在特殊的山地环境中可以具有非常复杂的内部结构和宽大带幅,这扩展了我们对山地垂直带谱结构及机理认识的广度,对于创建山地垂直带谱结构理论具有十分重要的意义;超级垂直带的发现,也说明中国南北过渡带还有很多科学内容有待我们去探索和发现,希望本文能起到抛砖引玉的作用,引起学界对超级垂直带形成的气候和生物多样性因素、地理过渡带的结构和生态效应等重大问题进行深入研究。     

Molecular Characterization and Expression and DNA Methylation Analyses of a Galectin-Related Protein Gene from Cynoglossus semilaevis

Galectins,a family of ?-galactoside-binding proteins,participate in both innate immunity and adaptive immunity.This study identified one novel galectin-related protein from half-smooth tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis,which was designated as Cs GRP.The full-length c DNA of its encoding gene was 785 bp in length with a 528 bp open reading frame encoding a putative protein of 176 amino acids.The deduced Cs GRP contained a putative 131-aa galactoside-binding lectin domain and 3 critical residues responsible for carbohydrate binding(R~(93),W~(109) and R~(114)).Genomic structural analysis revealed that Cs GRP consisted of five exons and four introns.Cs GRP showed 68% similarity with Poecilia latipinna GRP and 67% similarity with Stegastes partitus GRP.Cs GRP showed the highest expression level in liver,although its expression was detected in all tested tissues.When challenged with Vibrio harveyi,the expression of Cs GRP was significantly down-regulated in liver(P 0.05).In addition,we found that in spleen and kidney of C.semilaevis,the Cp G island of Cs GRP showed significantly higher(P 0.05) methylation level in disease-resistant family of C.semilaevis(DR-Cs) than in disease-susceptible ones(DS-Cs).Our results suggested that Cs GRP may play important roles in the immune response of C.semilaevis.Moreover,DNA methylation patterns provided valuable data for understanding the relationship between epigenetic regulation and immunity,which would assist the animal genetic research and improve the animal breeding in the future.     

浙江省芳香植物资源的分布和开发

根据浙江省芳香植物的组成 ,及该区的地理条件和芳香植物分布规律 ,将其划分为 5个区 ,分别进行探讨并列出部分芳香植物作为各地开发利用时参考。     

雅鲁藏布江流域降水中δ18O 的时空变化

通过研究2005年西藏雅鲁藏布江流域拉孜、奴各沙、羊村和奴下4个站点降水中的δ18O变化,揭示了雅鲁藏布江流域降水中稳定同位素的时空变化规律.研究显示,雅鲁藏布江流域降水中δ18O季节变化明显,高值出现在季风降水之前的春季,而低值出现在季风降水季节,其间降水中δ18O具有明显的"降水量效应";从空间上看,降水中的δ18O从下游至上游递减,造成这种分布特征主要是由于"高程效应"以及水汽远距离输送导致其中的18O被贫化的结果.经计算表明,雅鲁藏布江流域降水中δ18O由于"高程效应"造成的递减率为0.34‰/100m,而水平方向上自东向西由于水汽远距离输送造成的递减率为0.7‰/100km.从季风期间大范围的降水过程来看,降水中δ18O的空间变化主要受"降水量效应"制约.     

LRS Bianchi type-I models with constant deceleration parameter in?creation field cosmology

We have studied Locally Rotationally Symmetric (LRS) Bianchi type-I space-time having constant deceleration parameter and filled with perfect fluid in the Hoyle-Narlikar C-field cosmology. Here, the creation field C is a function of time t only. The geometrical and physical aspects for the models are also studied.