北京地区自动站降水特征的聚类分析

利用2007—2010年北京123个自动气象站逐时降水观测资料,采用聚类分析方法,对北京的主城区、西部和北部区、东北区、东南区共分为4个区域的逐时降水时空分布特征进行了分析。结果表明:通过与实际地形和下垫面类型比较,自动站分类较为合理,避免了在区域划分方面的主观因素影响。主城区降水集中时段最为突出,集中出现在7月逐日20—00时,且降水强度最强,降水量较大,降水小时数不多。西部和北部区降水集中出现在6月逐日18—20时、7月逐日23时至次日03时,降水小时数最多,降水强度不大,降水量不大。东北区降水主要集中出现在7月逐日00—08时和17—23时,降水小时数较多,降水强度不大,降水量最大;东南区降水主要集中出现在7月的逐日02—04时,降水小时数少,降水强度较大,降水量较大。     

同步发电机PSS与励磁系统的仿真研究

电力系统稳定器（PSS）是目前抑制电力系统低频振荡最有效的方法之一.在分析了同步发电机励磁控制系统及其模型的基础上,研究了以PSS为辅助控制的同步发电机励磁控制方式,基于Matlab构建了改进的PSS励磁控制系统的仿真模型.在三相短路以及断线故障情况下对单机无穷大系统进行仿真测试,结果表明：加装PSS的励磁控制系统的各方面性能优越于无PSS的励磁控制系统,为励磁系统的设计提供了依据.     

基于触控操作方式的大气科学数据可视化系统技术研究与实现

设计并实现了一种基于触控操作方式,运行于移动计算设备上的大气科学数据可视化软件系统MeteoExplorer Touch,它是世界上首款提供触控操作方式体验,运行于Windows8和Windows RT操作系统上的大气科学数据可视化软件.该软件系统的技术特色有:1)针对Windows 8和Windows RT操作系统所带来的崭新特性进行设计,实现了诸如使用手指滑动、捏掐伸展完成底图的缩放和漫游,在操作系统从低功耗运行状态下再次激活后恢复用户会话状态等功能,从而为广大气象科研和业务人员在平板电脑上分析、处理气象数据提供了全新的体验;2)MeteoExplorer Touch不仅仅是一个图片查看器,它还实现了主流桌面版专业气象软件所提供的大部分功能,包括数据资料解析、观测场客观分析、物理量计算、图形产品生成、地理信息和图层管理等;3)MeteoExplorer Touch注重程序性能和用户体验.为实现这一目标,软件采用C++语言开发功能,使用XAML标记语言设计用户界面,使用DirectX 11硬件加速渲染技术进行图形显示,因此,它具有原生程序所特有的性能高、速度快、系统资源需求低的优点.     

通过软硬变化检测识别冬小麦

提出一种软硬变化检测的作物识别方法 SHLUCD(Soft and Hard Land Use/Cover Change Detection Method)。该方法利用多期遥感影像能够有效表达作物的生长物候特征,以达到在离散变化区(即纯净像元区,包括完全转换成作物的突变区域和非作物区域)和连续变化区(即渐变区,混合像元区,是部分转化为作物的区域)准确进行作物的识别。在北京市选择一个研究区,以冬小麦为研究对象,选用2011年10月6日(播种期)和2012年4月16日(拔节期)两期环境减灾1号卫星影像,分别采用硬变化检测方法 HLUCD(Hard Land Use/Cover Change Detection Method)、软变化检测方法 SLUCD(Soft Land Use/Cover Change Detection Method)和SHLUCD进行冬小麦的识别。实验结果表明:在不同尺度窗口下,SHLUCD较传统方法表现出较明显的优势,具有更低的均方根误差RMSE(SHLUCD为[0.14,0.07],HLUCD为[0.15,0.07],SLUCD为[0.16,0.08])和偏差bias(SHLUCD为-0.0008,HLUCD为-0.007,SLUCD为0.014)和更高的决定系数R2(SHLUCD为[0.68,0.86],HLUCD为[0.62,0.86],SLUCD为[0.60,0.86])。针对冬小麦突变区域、冬小麦渐变区域和非冬小麦区域分别进行评价,表明SHLUCD识别精度接近各区最佳的识别方法,进一步验证了SHLUCD的灵活性和适用性。SHLUCD方法在离散变化区能够通过土地覆盖类型状态变化来有效地识别出冬小麦,在连续变化区可识别出土地覆盖的状态变化程度定量表达冬小麦的丰度,是其他作物多时相遥感变化检测的前期实验基础。     

Ocean Model Open Boundary Conditions with Volume,Heat and Salinity Conservation Constraints简

Open boundary conditions （OBCs） for a regional ocean model that can be integrated stably over a long timeframe, as well as satisfy the volume, heat and salinity conservation constraints, were developed. First, the idea that the inward and outward flux information can be treated separately in the OBCs was adopted. Second, in order to maintain the property that the volume, heat and salinity remains conserved in the simulation domain, conservation constraints were added to the OBCs, and an inverse method utilized to solve the constraint equations. Ideal experiments were designed to investigate the conservation property, and the OBCs were found to work efficiently to maintain the volume, heat and salinity conservation. It was found that simulations were comparable to observations when the OBCs were applied to a regional ocean model.     

Progress in Studies of the Precipitation Diurnal Variation over Contiguous China

This paper summarizes the recent progress in studies of the diurnal variation of precipitation over con- tiguous China. The main results are as follows. （1） The rainfall diurnal variation over contiguous China presents distinct regional features. In summer, precipitation peaks in the late afternoon over the south- ern inland China and northeastern China, while it peaks around midnight over southwestern China. In the upper and middle reaches of Yangtze River valley, precipitation occurs mostly in the early morning. Summer precipitation over the central eastern China （most regions of the Tibetan Plateau） has two diurnal peaks, i.e., one in the early morning （midnight） and the other in the late afternoon. （2） The rainfall diurnal variation experiences obvious seasonal and sub-seasonal evolutions. In cold seasons, the regional contrast of rainfall diurnal peaks decreases, with an early morning maximum over most of the southern China. Over the central eastern China, diurnal monsoon rainfall shows sub-seasonal variations with the movement of summer monsoon systems. The rainfall peak mainly occurs in the early morning （late afternoon） during the active （break） monsoon period. （3） Cloud properties and occurrence time of rainfall diurnal peaks are different for long- and short-duration rainfall events. Long-duration rainfall events are dominated by strat- iform precipitation, with the maximum surface rain rate and the highest profile occurring in the late night to early morning, while short-duration rainfall events are more related to convective precipitation, with the maximum surface rain rate and the highest profile occurring between the late afternoon and early night. （4） The rainfall diurnal variation is influenced by multi-scale mountain-valley and land-sea breezes as well as large-scale atmospheric circulation, and involves complicated formation and evolution of cloud and rainfall systems. The diurnal cycle of winds in the lower troposphere also contributes to the regional differences     

Mean Structure of Tropical Cyclones Making Landfall in Mainland China

The mean kinematic and thermodynamic structures of tropical cyclones （TCs） making landfall in main-land China are examined by using sounding data from 1998 to 2009. It is found that TC landfall is usually accompanied with a decrease in low-level wind speed, an expansion of the radius of strong wind, weakening of the upper-level warm core, and drying of the mid-tropospheric air. On average, the warm core of the TCs dissipates 24 h after landfall. The height of the maximum low-level wind and the base of the stable layer both increase with the increased distance to the TC center;however, the former is always higher than the latter. In particular, an asymmetric structure of the TC after landfall is found. The kinematic and thermodynamic structures across various areas of TC circulation diff er, especially over the left-front and right-rear quadrants （relative to the direction of TC motion）. In the left-front quadrant, strong winds locate at a smaller radius, the upper-level temperature is warmer with the warm core extending into a deep layer, while the wet air occupies a shallow layer. In the right-rear quadrant, strong wind and wet air dwell in an area that is broader and deeper, and the warmest air is situated farther away from the TC center.     

基于伪语义相似度模型的中文地址匹配方法

地址匹配中,由于传统相似度模型受字符重叠数影响大,在处理简写、缩写地址要素单元时,错误匹配问题突出;深度学习方法需要大量样本支撑,但庞大的数据量和多样的形式,导致生成样本的成本过高。为解决上述问题,本文首先应用基于条件随机场和双向长短时记忆神经网络的模型,对地址进行分词;然后通过建立一种伪语义相似度,对地址要素进行分级匹配。通过对公安业务中地址数据进行测试,在对缩写、简写等不规范地址描述方面,本文模型能较理想地完成任务,各参考指标均高于0.9。     

基于时空影响因子的未来社区生活圈公共服务设施优化配置北大核心CSCD

公共服务设施作为社区生活圈的核心内容,直接决定了社区生活圈的生活品质。对社区公共服务设施建设情况进行量化评价,并对设施建设的未来规划提供科学决策支持逐渐成为规划者和决策者的一大难题。本文通过ArcGIS工具对POI数据进行处理、统计和可视化,在总结他人社区生活圈量化评价方法的基础上,结合温州本地特色,搭建了一套社区生活圈公共服务设施评价模型。利用该模型可对各类社区进行综合评分和分级,并根据模型评分结果挖掘公共服务设施未来优化方向。此外,还实现了社区生活圈评分的动态计算与展示,为社区服务设施建设选址、路网建设与公共服务设施建设优先级评定等提供决策支持。既可帮助规划者和决策者快速建立对整个区域生活圈建设现状的量化认知,又可助力公共服务设施的优化配置,为社区生活圈公共服务品质评价与提升探寻全新的思路与方法。     

高精度时空信息崩滑坡灾害监测技术

我国部分地区地质灾害爆发频率高,多年来崩滑坡、泥石流等高危险性地质灾害严重威胁我国人民财产与生命安全。因此,地质灾害及时预警一直是我国在应急方面亟待解决的难题。随着北斗、GPS等全球卫星导航系统的建设组网,GNSS技术逐渐成为当前提供时空位置信息的重要手段,具有数据实时性、设备低功耗、搭建便捷化等特性,成为解决地质灾害监测与预警的理想技术手段。本文利用BDS+GPS+GLONASS时空信息数据,构建了面向地质灾害监测的中长基线毫米级精度的崩滑坡监测解算方法,确定了双差观测的载波相位解算模型。最后在重庆新浦区域展开试验应用,实现了基于高精度时空信息的毫米级滑坡灾害的监测与预警。为预计该区域的地质灾害提供了数据支持,为人民的生产生活提供了技术保障。