青海湖流域草地产草量与MODIS植被指数的相关性分析

借鉴国内外基于遥感手段监测植被的方法,利用MODIS-NDVI遥感影像数据,探讨如何对草地变化进行监测。提取青海湖流域典型草原遥感影像植被指数,并与野外调查获得的79个样方生物量数据进行对比分析,建立了多个回归模型用于研究植被指数与草地产草量的相关关系。结果表明,植被指数与草地产草量之间存在较好的相关性,但是不同的回归模型与草地产草量相关性程度存在一定的差别,非线性回归模型优于一元线性回归模型,该方法的提出有助于监测青海湖流域草地变化情况。     

近58年来登陆中国热带气旋气候变化特征

利用1949-2006年<台风年鉴>和<热带气旋年鉴>资料,主要分析了1949-2006年登陆中国热带气旋的频数、登陆位置、登陆季节延续期和登陆强度等要素及其概率分布的年际和年代际变化特征.结果表明:近58年来,登陆中国热带气旋年频数有减少趋势,但登陆时达台风强度的年频数变化不明显;按登陆地点分区统计发现,登陆华南地区的热带低压及(强)热带风暴年频数以减少为主,而登陆东部地区的热带气旋年频数变化不明显.登陆点历年最北位置(最南位置)有南移(弱的北移)趋势,导致登陆点历年南北最大纬度差逐渐减小,这表明热带气旋登陆区域更为集中,在23°-35°N增多,而在35°N以北和23°N以南以减少为主.登陆中国热带气旋季节延续期缩短了近1个月.热带气旋年平均登陆强度及其概率分布偏度有增加趋势,表明登陆的强台风有增加;登陆中国华南和东部地区的台风强度都有增强趋势,前者比后者趋势更明显.另外,热带气旋年最大登陆强度差长期呈现减小的趋势.     

基于Oracle数据库的专题地理数据模型

对Oracle Spatial组件中空间数据存储结构及对象关系数据模型进行了分析,然后结合专题地理数据库课题,提出了一种运用Oracle数据库的组件Oracle Spatial来管理专题地理数据的数据模型.并对这种数据模型的完整性和正确性进行了分析验证,取得了良好的效果.     

新疆觉罗塔格成矿带与南阿尔泰成矿带的对比研究

在总结觉罗塔格成矿带和南阿尔泰成矿带成矿特征的基础上,对这2个成矿带进行了地质成矿对比,认为该2带具有相同的"五阶段"演化历程,并发育相似的成矿地质事件与成矿地质环境,矿化特征及所发育的矿床成矿系列均具有可比性.体现了在一个成矿带内不同的构造演化阶段都具有各自的岩浆或沉积成矿作用,形成一定的矿床组合,并具有一定的演化规律;具有类似构造环境的成矿带有可能具有类似的成矿系列与演化.例如,铁、铜、铜镍、金和稀有金属等矿床的几种矿床类型在这2个带中均有产出,南阿尔泰成矿带中的喀拉通克铜镍矿床可与觉罗塔格成矿带中的黄山铜镍矿床对比.同时也指出,该2带存在明显的差异.并按成矿体系中"全位成矿"的理论,指出了在这2个成矿带作进一步研究和找矿的新方向."对比"是地学中运用最广泛的原则和方法,实际上,据此思路在近年的勘查与研究中已取得了新的找矿成果.     

山区合适耕地经营规模确定的实证研究——以重庆市为例

在地形起伏、地块破碎、分布半径较远等约束下,山区多大的经营规模是合适的?这是目前必须弄清的科学问题之一。使用480份有效调查问卷,以投入农业的劳动力为测算单位,以劳均纯收入为评价指标,分作物类型和地块分布半径,构建计量经济模型,测算不同条件下合适的耕地经营,结果表明：① 在现有社会经济条件下,样本村农业土地适度规模经营面积为24~32亩,适度规模下的劳均纯收入远高于当前农村人均纯收入,且与城镇居民的差距明显缩小。② 作物类型对适度规模影响不大,但对农民纯收入产生较大作用。经济作物和粮食作物的适度规模分别为24.33亩、24.63亩,差异不显著,但种植经济作物和粮食作物在适度规模下的劳均纯收入相差3638元,巨大的差距将促使经济作物种植面积不断扩大。③ 距离对适度规模影响较大,但对劳均纯收入影响不大。0.5 km内、0.5~1 km的适度规模分别为28.62亩、31.83亩,单位劳动力的适度规模相差3亩,这表明距离是目前从事农业生产时劳动力投入时须考虑的重要因素。但是,对应的劳均纯收入相差较小,又说明伴随耕作距离的增加,更多的投入主要依靠机械来完成,从而带动适度规模的扩大。1 km外的建模未通过检验,也进一步说明未实现规模经营、没有进行机械化耕作、离家远的土地收支严重不平衡,撂荒严重,规模化经营、机械化耕作是解决距离问题的有效途径。本文得出的土地适度规模是可行的,也验证了推进土地适度规模经营的可行性和必要性。     

THE EFFECTS OF STATION NETWORK DENSITY ON STATISTICAL ANALYSES OF TROPICAL CYCLONE PRECIPITATION

In this paper, 1416 conventional ground-based meteorological observation stations on the mainland of China were subdivided into groups of differing spatial density. Data from each subgroup were then used to analyze variations in the tropical cyclone (TC) precipitation statistics derived from each subgroup across the mainland of China (excluding Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macao), as well as in two regions (east China and south China) and three provinces (Guangdong, Hainan, and Jiangxi) between 1981 and 2010. The results showed that for the mainland of China, total precipitation, mean annual precipitation, mean daily precipitation, and its spatial distribution were the same regardless of the spatial density of the stations. However, some minor differences were evident with respect to precipitation extremes and their spatial distribution. Overall, there were no significant variations in the TC precipitation statistics calculated from different station density schemes for the mainland of China. The regional and provincial results showed no significant differences in mean daily precipitation, but this was not the case for the maximum daily precipitation and torrential rain frequency. The maximum daily precipitation calculated from the lower-density station data was slightly less than that based on the higher-density station schemes, and this effect should be taken into consideration when interpreting regional climate statistics. The impact of station density on TC precipitation characteristics was more obvious for Hainan than for Guangdong or Jiangxi provinces. In addition, the effects were greater for south China (including Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous region, Guangdong, and Hainan provinces) than east China (including Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Fujian, Anhui, and Jiangxi provinces). Furthermore, the analysis proved that the statistical climatic characteristics began to change significantly when the station spacing was between 40 and 50 km, which are close to the mean spacing for all stations across the mainland of China. Moreover, TC areal precipitation parameters, including mean total areal precipitation and mean daily areal precipitation, also began to change significantly when the spacing was between 40 and 50 km, and were completely different when it was between 100 and 200 km.     

The IAMAS-CNC Early Career Scientists Nobel Prize Online Interpretation Workshop

1.Overview The 2021 Nobel Prize for Physics was awarded to three scientists for their contribution to the physical understanding of complex systems(The Nobel Committee for Physics,2021).Two of the laureates,Dr.Syukuro MANABE and Dr.Klaus HASSELMANN,are climate scientists.This is the first time a climate scientist has won a Nobel Prize for physics and is thus a great encouragement to the entire climate science community,especially young scientists.Because the two winners'groundbreaking contributions that led to their award were achieved decades ago,young people may not be very familiar with these works.Therefore,to help young scientists better understand the scientific merit of the fundamental works and to inspire them in their future research careers,on 20 October 2021,the young scientist working group of The China National Committee of the International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences(IAMAS-CNC)organized an online Nobel Prize interpretation workshop.Over 400 participants attended the online workshop,and more than 120000 parti-cipants watched the replay.     

基于用岛类型和方式的舟山市无居民海岛分类保护应用研究

无居民海岛是舟山市经济、社会和生态发展的重要资源支撑。为促进舟山市无居民海岛的精细化管理和可持续发展,文章分析舟山市无居民海岛开发利用和保护存在的问题,提出无居民海岛分类保护原则,基于国家权益类、自然保护区类、海洋特别保护区类、其他重要保护类、限制开发类和保留类的单岛功能定位分别制定管理方案,基于旅游娱乐用岛等9种用岛...     

青岛滨海地质旅游

青岛滨海旅游具有丰富的地质资源,合理地开发会使其具有专业特色,娱乐性和趣味性。滨海地质旅游将促进旅游业的发展,在向现代化国际城市中发挥作用。     

浙南岛屿潮间带蟹类的区系特点

作者根据１９９０—１９９７历年对浙南岛屿潮间带生态调查所获的材料,分析了该地区蟹类的区系特点。经整理鉴定计蟹类９７种,隶属于１２科５６属,其中软相７０种、硬相３２种,硬、软相皆有出现的为５种。该地区蟹类区系以亚热带暖水性种类占优势,其次为暖温带性种类,属印度──西太平洋区系区的中国──日本亚区。蟹类的组成与分布受到海流、底质、潮汐等综合因素的影响。