环境因素对山东GPS基准站垂直位移的影响分析

基于山东地壳运动GPS观测网络(CMONOSD)提供的连续观测结果,经过GAMIT/GLOBK软件处理,再采用GRACE,LAD,SG及GLDAS分析陆地水引起的重力变化,分析证明,在该地区陆地水导致的空间重力变化可达100.12±0.7 nms-2量级,采用LAD模型会导致重力长期以微小趋势上升,反之采用GLDAS模型会导致重力长期以微小趋势下降。通过研究大气负荷、陆地水和非潮汐海洋对山东省各基准站垂直位移的影响,发现大气负荷对台站垂直位移的影响最大为8 mm,陆地水次之,非潮汐海洋的影响最小。     

局部海洋磁力异常图的Coons曲面重构

针对地磁导航中地磁图的精化与制备的问题,采用了一种在地形拟合中使用的Coons曲面模型方法。探讨了使用不同的已知点数和边界曲线方法时Coons曲面的精度变化。针对某测区海洋地磁异常数据进行了实验,并与常用的Taylor多项式和Kriging插值两种方法进行了对比。由实验结果看出其精度优于其他两种方法,为在进行地磁匹配导航时得到更为精细的地磁图提供了一种参考方法。     

FY-3A/MERSI数据在典型大城市热环境监测预报中的应用——以上海市为例

以上海市为例,探索中国新型自主的FY-3A/MERSI数据在典型大城市热环境研究中的应用模式,包括实时监测与同化数值预报两个方面。结果表明:FY-3A/MERSI反演的250 m地表温度及其他衍生指标能够客观呈现城市热场格局及热岛效应,精细揭示出上海市区—近郊—远郊的地温明显分异,热岛由中心城区呈放射性面状过渡到远郊以乡镇为中心的团块状,其形成与下垫面介质关系密切。同化FY-3A/MERSI数据产品的中尺度数值模式,耦合城市冠层参数化方案,可实现250 m格网0～48 h城市近地层气温空间精细化预报,提取1 h间隔的热环境日演变特征将有助于在不同天气形式下进行热环境灾害潜式预报及机理分析。预报结果在时空分辨率方面明显优于常规数值预报,并避免了卫星云污染的影响,说明FY-3A卫星探测资料能有效改善模式背景场与初始场。     

基于ArcGIS的克里金插值方法及其应用

介绍地统计学的概念和克里金插值的原理及步骤,从地统计学的角度出发,借助ArcGIS软件的GA功能,针对试验区域高程点数据进行试验分析,介绍GA模块中克里金插值法的应用,给出克里金插值方法的精度分析及应用优势。     

浅谈北京市园林景观设计前期地形图测绘

北京市园林景观设计对前期测绘图有着特殊的要求,特别是在树木的测绘方面,本文结合已完成的多处相关工程的作业经验,简要介绍了此类地形图的测绘方法及特殊要求,为此类工程提供了一套完整有效的作业方法进行参考。     

地电场数据分析方法在华北地区的应用

应用VAN法、波形分析法、潮汐谐波分析等对华北地区观测资料质量较好的地电场台进行研究,结果表明,华北地区地电场波形日变幅度范围为2.35—11.12 mV/km;VAN法在华北地区有一定的震例对应,如2003年5月22日河北唐山ML 4.1、2006年7月4日河北文安ML 5.1、2010年3月6日河北滦县ML 4.7...     

Monthly Variations of Atmospheric Circulations Associated with Haze Pollution in the Yangtze River Delta and North China

Haze pollution in early winter(December and January) in the Yangtze River Delta(YRD) and in North China(NC)are both severe;however, their monthly variations are significantly different. In this study, the dominant large-scale atmospheric circulations and local meteorological conditions were investigated and compared over the YRD and NC in each month. Results showed that the YRD(NC) is dominated by the so-called Scandinavia(East Atlantic/West Russia)pattern in December, and these circulations weaken in January. The East Asian December and January monsoons over the YRD and NC have negative correlations with the number of haze days. The local descending motion facilitates less removal of haze pollution over the YRD, while the local ascending motion facilitates less removal of haze pollution over NC in January, despite a weaker relationship in December. Additionally, the monthly variations of atmospheric circulations showed that adverse meteorological conditions restrict the vertical(horizontal) dispersion of haze pollution in December(January) over the YRD, while the associated local weather conditions are similar in these two months over NC.     

Seasonal and Diurnal Variations of Cloud Systems over the Eastern Tibetan Plateau and East China: A Cloud-resolving Model Study

The seasonal and diurnal variations of cloud systems are profoundly affected by the large-scale and local environments. In this study, a one-year-long simulation was conducted using a two-dimensional cloud-resolving model over the Eastern Tibetan Plateau (ETP) and two subregions of Eastern China: Southern East China and Central East China. Deep convective clouds (DCCs) rarely occur in the cold season over ETP, whereas DCCs appear in Eastern China throughout the year, and the ETP DCCs are approximately 20%?30% shallower than those over Eastern China. Most strong rainfall events (precipitation intensity, PI> 2.5 mm h^?1) in Eastern China are related to warm-season DCCs with ice cloud processes. Because of the high elevation of the ETP, the warm-season freezing level is lower than in Eastern China, providing favorable conditions for ice cloud processes. DCCs are responsible for the diurnal variations of warm-season rainfall in all three regions. Warm-season DCCs over the ETP have the greatest total cloud water content and frequency in the afternoon, resulting in an afternoon rainfall peak. In addition, rainfall events in the ETP also exhibit a nocturnal peak in spring, summer, and autumn due to DCCs. Strong surface heat fluxes around noon can trigger or promote DCCs in spring, summer, and autumn over the ETP but produce only cumulus clouds in winter due to the cold and dry environment.     

鄱阳湖自然保护区湿地植被群落与水文情势关系

以鄱阳湖自然保护区为研究对象,通过构建植被群落-水文参数直方图和计算敏感性指数,分析植被群落对水文条件变化的耐受性和敏感性,研究湿地植被群落与水文情势的关系。结果表明,在鄱阳湖自然保护区内,不同的植被群落对水文情势变化的耐受性和敏感性不同,苔草群落、假俭草群落对水文条件变化敏感性较低;苔草-廖子草群落、苔草-虉草群落和虉草-苔草群落对水文条件变化的敏感性较高,喜欢相对湿润的环境;南荻群落所能承受的水文条件变化范围较窄,喜欢相对干旱的环境。     

民采空区危险性两级模糊综合评判——以招远市北截村为例

在充分搜集资料的基础上,对招远市北截村民采空区进行实地勘查,从地质条件、灾害发育程度及采空区特征3个影响因素入手,选取了9个评判因子进行两级模糊综合评判,采取最大隶属度原则确定采空区危险性等级,并进行了评估分区。评判结果能较准确地反应实际情况,为该区地质灾害防治工作及开发建设规划提供了依据。