祁连山摆浪河全新世冰量变化初探

采用祁连山老虎沟12号冰川2009年RTK测量生成的数字高程模型(DEM), 建立现代冰川表面横截面拟合的二次方程, 结合差分GPS测量的冰碛垄形态, 运用于祁连山摆浪河上游14号冰川和16号冰川全新世以来冰量变化的估算. 结果表明: 新冰期以来冰储量减少0.38 km³, 小冰期以来14号冰川和16号冰川的冰储量分别减少0.016 km³和0.047 km³; 根据祁连山全新世各个时期最大冰川范围的时间, 估计了全新世以来14号和16号冰川冰储量的减少速率, 新冰期以来为12.2×10^-5~15.0×10^-5 km³·a^-1, 小冰期以来分别为4.0×10^-5~5.3×10^-5 km³·a^-1, 11.75×10^-5~15.7×10^-5 km³·a^-1.     

Comparison of Sea Surface Heights Derived from Satellite Altimetry and from Ocean Bottom Pressure Gauges: The SW Pacific MOTEVAS Project

A bottom pressure gauge (BPG) was installed in proximity (3.7 km at closest approach) of Jason-1 and formerly TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P) ground track No. 238 at the Wusi site, located ～ 10 km offshore off the west coast of Santo Island, Vanuatu, Southwest (SW) Pacific. Sea level variations are inferred from the bottom pressure, seawater temperature, and salinity, corrected for the measured surface atmospheric pressure. The expansion of the water column (steric increase in sea surface height, SSH) due to temperature and salinity changes is approximated by the equation of state. We compare time series of SSH derived from T/P Side B altimeter Geophysical Data Records (GDR) and Jason-1 Interim Geophysical Data Records (IGDR), with the gauge-inferred sea level variations. Since altimeter SSH is a geocentric measurement, whereas the gauge-inferred observation is a relative sea level measurement, SSH comparison is conducted with the means of both series removed in this study. In addition, high-rate (1-Hz) bottom pressure implied wave heights (H _1/3 ) are compared with the significant wave height (SWH) measured by Jason-1. Noticeable discrepancy is found in this comparison for high waves, however the differences do not contribute significantly to the difference in sea level variations observed between the altimeter and the pressure gauge. In situ atmospheric pressure measurements are also used to verify the inverse barometer (IB) and the dry troposphere corrections (DTC) used in the Jason IGDR. We observe a bias between the IGDR corrections and those derived from the local sensors. Standard deviations of the sea level differences between T/P and BPG is 52 mm and is 48 mm between Jason and BPG, indicating that both altimeters have similar performance at the Wusi site and that it is feasible to conduct long-term monitoring of altimetry at such a site.     

Characteristics of silicon and oxygen isotopic compositions of basalts near East Pacific Rise 13°N

In this study, 13 groups of silicon and oxygen isotopes and major elements of the basalts near the East Pacific Rise 13°N are used to study the fractionation of silicon and oxygen isotopes. Among these data, δ30Si values of basalts vary from -0.4%o to 0.2%o with a mean value of δ30Si of （-0.18±0.22）%o. The δ180 values range from 4.1%o to 6.4%o with a mean δ180 value of （＋5.35±0.73） %0. Since the δ30Si values increase in the series of basalt-basaltic andesite- andesite, and δ180 values display a positive correlation with the SiO2 content, we propose that the fractionation of silicon and oxygen isotopes is influenced by the SiO2 content in igneous rocks. Compared with the igneous rocks from Manus Basin with clinopyroxene as their dominant mineral phase, MORBs in this study containing olivine and plagioclase as primary minerals have lower δ180 and δ30Si values, indicating that the fractionation of silicon and oxygen isotopes is also affected by different Si-O bridges in silicate minerals. Furthermore, our samples from the EPR are defined as E-MORB based on K/Ti ratios. Probably, the difference in δ30Si and δ30O between our samples and a normal MORB are cause by the enriched components in E-MORBs.     

一种适用于动态变形测量的双频模糊度实时解算方法

设计了一种短基线情况下双差模糊度的实时解算方法,利用双频载波相位的两个长波组合φ-3,4和φ4,-5,通过坐标初始值约束和双频信号之间的相关关系,可快速求解模糊度,采用抗差自适应滤波来提高模糊度求解的可靠性及定位精度。该方法对监测点初始点位误差的要求可放宽至50cm,适合于变形幅度较大的动态监测系统。     

一种新的区域对流层拟合模型及其在PPP中的应用

在分析常用的四参数曲面模型等区域对流层延迟模型的基础上,提出了一种新的基于多面函数的对流层拟合模型,并利用自编软件分析了各模型的拟合效果。将对流层拟合模型应用于改进的PPP定位算法,结果表明,所提方法能有效地提高初始历元的解算精度,收敛后定位结果与采用随机游走估计对流层湿延迟方法的结果精度相当。该方法可在一两个历元中使PPP收敛至dm级,但是对PPP收敛至cm级的效率提高并不明显。     

最优迟滞系数的自适应绿噪声半色调算法

提出了最优迟滞系数的自适应绿噪声半色调算法。该算法使用随机数选择不同的误差扩散滤波器和根据图像灰度级选择最优迟滞系数的方法,有效地解决了普通绿噪声半色调算法中由于点聚集而在某些图像阶调上产生规律性条纹及视觉效果不均匀的问题。实验结果表明,所提出的半色调算法生成的网目调图像既保持了绿噪声网目调图像的调幅特性,又保证了半色调输出图像的视觉均匀性。     

DLG,DOM在油气长输管道施工图中的应用

通过西气东输二线工程泰安支干线项目,详细介绍了数字摄影测量技术在施工图设计中的应用。与传统施工图比较,加入DLG,DOM的管道纵断面图提高了工作效率,有效地缩短成图周期,降低了工程成本,具有很高的经济效益和社会效益。     

无人机遥感影像拼接方法探讨

针对当前无人机低空遥感影像处理,提出采用ORB描述符和网格自适应阈值调节的方法,该方法先对影像进行分块特征点提取,然后剔除密集点,再采用二进制描述符整体描述和匹配。试验表明,该方法速度快,精度高,匹配点分布均匀,具有很好的实用价值。     

鄱阳湖滨沙岭地区网纹层的顶界年代

鄱阳湖滨沙岭地区的沙山由交替出现的砂层与粉砂层构成。对3个剖面的调查发现,该地区发育的网纹大体可分为3种类型,Ⅰ类网纹密集且粗大,为典型的网纹,位于剖面底部,Ⅱ类网纹较稀疏、细,位于Ⅰ类网纹之上,Ⅲ类网纹界线模糊,位于剖面上部。Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类网纹属于成熟的网纹,而Ⅲ类属于不成熟的网纹。对剖面中砂层的光释光测年表明,测量等效剂量时没有出现信号饱和的问题,年剂量也没有受风化作用的影响,因而OSL年龄可以视为砂层的沉积年龄。基于砂层的沉积年龄,我们判断成熟网纹层的沉积时代早于80 ka,不成熟网纹层的沉积时代略晚于71 ka,而早于29 ka。     

大洋间海表温度遥联与中国冬季气温的关系

利用SVD方法,在年代际和年际尺度上研究了各季北大西洋和北太平洋海表温度的遥相关关系,给出了冬季两个时间尺度上的遥联指数I,并分析了它们与同期中国冬季气温及亚太冬季风的相关关系.结果表明:北大西洋和北太平洋在两个时间尺度上的海表温度遥联均与同期中国冬季气温相关;特别在年代际尺度上两大洋海表温度遥联与我国河套以南及长江中游地区冬季气温有显著正相关.其影响途径可能是两大洋海温异常引起亚太冬季风异常、继而引起我国冬季气温异常.