Organic Geochemistry of the Early Jurassic Oil Shale from the Shuanghu Area in Northern Tibet and the Early Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event

This paper presents new geological and geochemical data from the Shuanghu area in northern Tibet, which recorded the Early Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event. The stratigraphic succession in the Shuanghu area consists mostly of grey to dark-colored alternating oil shales, marls and mudstones. Ammonite beds are found at the top of the Shuanghu oil shale section, which are principally of early Toarcian age, roughly within the Harplocearasfalciferrum Zone. Therefore,the oil shale strata at Shuanghu can be correlated with early Toarcian black shales distributing extensively in the European epicontinental seas that contain the records of an Oceanic Anoxic Event. Sedimentary organic matter of laminated shale anomalously rich in organic carbon across the Shuanghu area is characterized by high organic carbon contents, ranging from 1.8% to 26.1%. The carbon isotope curve displays the δ^13C values of the kerogen (δ^13Ckerogen) fluctuating from -26.22 to -23.53‰ PDB with a positive excursion close to 2.17‰, which, albeit significantly smaller, may also have been associated with other Early Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Events (OAEs) in Europe. The organic atomic C/N ratios range between 6 and 43, and the curve of C/N ratios is consistent with that of the δ^13Ckerogen values. The biological assemblage,characterized by scarcity of benthic organisms and bloom of calcareous nannofossils (coccoliths), reveals high biological productivity in the surface water and an unfavorable environment for the benthic fauna in the bottom water during the Oceanic Anoxic Event. On the basis of organic geochemistry and characteristics of the biological assemblage, this study suggests that the carbon-isotope excursion is caused by the changes of sea level and productivity, and that the black shale deposition, especially oil shales, is related to the bloom and high productivity of coccoliths.     

安溪县山地茶园产业化经营的研究

本文分析了安溪县茶业生产的现状,指出山地茶园存在的主要问题和茶园产业化经营的有利条件,并提出产业化建设的思路,其中对山地茶园产业化经营的模式选择和茶园产业结构的优化作深入的阐述.     

冰盖下水流速度分布的二维数值模拟分析

基于标准的κ-ε模型,利用有限体积法,对冰盖下水流速度分布进行了二维数值模拟和分析.结果表明:当冰盖和河床糙率比值变化时,水流速度剖面发生变化;冰盖下的最大流速值比速度对称分布时要大,且偏于光滑的一边;在相对光滑壁处近壁流速值大于相应对称分布时的流速值,该结果与实验室实测速度剖面情况吻合.数值试验表明,最大流速点位置的偏移量仅在有限的范围内,冰盖区、床面区及冰盖下水流平均速度相差较小,表明了工程应用中假定各区流速相等是可行的.     

Deep Fractionation of Clinopyroxene in the East Pacific Rise 13°N:Evidence from High MgO MORB and Melt Inclusions

Mid-ocean ridge basalts(MORBs)from East Pacific Rise(EPR)13°N are analysed for major and trace elements,both of which show a continuous evolving trend.Positive MgO-Al_2O3 and negative MgO-Sc relationships manifest the cotectic crystallization of plagioclase and olivine,which exist with the presence of plagioclase and olivine phenocrysts and the absence of clinopyroxene phenocrysts.However,the fractionation of clinopyroxene is proven by the positive correlation of MgO and CaO.Thus,MORB samples are believe...     

中国3个典型城市气溶胶光学厚度地基观测及其MODIS气溶胶产品精度分析

利用中国太阳分光观测网的观测资料结合MODIS(中分辨率成像光谱仪)的气溶胶产品分析了北京、兰州、上海3个典型区域城市的气溶胶光学特性。结果表明:北京AOD(气溶胶光学厚度)年平均为0.41±0.35,春夏高,秋冬低,Angstrm波长指数α年平均为1.40±0.85表现为细模态粒子,MODIS的光学厚度为0.52±0.39与地面观测相关系数为0.91,存在系统性高估;兰州AOD年平均为0.55±0.21,夏季最低,秋冬较高,α年平均为0.95±0.20表现为粗模态粒子,MODIS光学厚度为0.43±0.21与地面观测相关系数仅为0.07,存在系统性低估;上海AOD年平均为0.55±0.21,无明显季节变化,α平均为1.03±0.25,MODIS光学厚度为0.74±0.30与地面观测相关系数为0.75,存在系统性高估。城市地理位置和复杂地表等原因造成反照率的不确定,MODIS气溶胶产品在这3个城市的反演效果仍有很大提升空间。     

基于遥感信息的淹没水深算法研究

该文针对遥感监测的洪水范围。提出一种实用的洪水淹没水深算法。该算法视淹没区为静态水面分布。将其与DEM叠加。经系列误差处理与优化。得到相对平滑的水陆边界高程。再采用双线性插值计算淹没范围内的水深分布。以广东省北江流域清远地区2002年10月底的一次洪水为例进行验证。结果表明该算法在计算精度和效率方面均能满足实际洪水评估要求。     

Accuracy Assessment of the TOPEX/Poseidon Ionosphere Measurements

We conducted an assessment of the TOPEX dual-frequency nadir ionosphere observations in the TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P) GDR by comparing TOPEX with the Center for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE) Global Ionosphere Map (GIM), the climatological model IRI2001, and the DORIS (onboard T/P) relative ionosphere delays. We investigated the TOPEX (TOPEX Side A and TOPEX Side B altimeters, TSA and TSB, respectively) ionosphere observations for the time period 1995–2001, covering periods of low, intermediate, and high solar activity. Here, we use absolute path delays (at Ku-band frequency of the TOPEX altimeter and with positive signs) rather than Total Electron Content (TEC). We found significant biases between GIM and TOPEX (GIM–TOPEX) nadir ionosphere path delays: ?8.1 ± 0.4 {mm} formal uncertainties and equivalent to 3.7 TECu) and ?9.0 ± 0.7 {mm} (4.1 TECu) for TSA and TSB, respectively, indicating that the TOPEX path delay is longer (or with higher TECu) than GIM. The estimated relative biases vary with latitude and with daytime or nighttime passes. The estimated biases in the path delays (DORIS–TOPEX) are: ?10.9 ± 0.4 {mm} (5.0 TECu) and ?14.8 ± 0.6 {mm} (6.7 TECu), for TSA and TSB, respectively. There is a distinct jump of the DORIS path delays (?3.9 ± 0.7 {mm}, TSA delays longer than TSB delays) at the TSB altimeter switch in February 1999, presumably due to inconsistent DORIS processing. The origin of the bias between GIM (GPS, L-band) and TOPEX (radar altimeter, Ku-band) is currently unknown and warrants further investigation. Finally, the estimated drift rates between GIM and TSA, DORIS and TSA ionosphere path delays for the 6-year study span are ?0.4 mm/yr and ?0.8 mm/yr, respectively, providing a possible error bound for the TOPEX/Poseidon sea level observations during periods of low and intermediate solar activity.     

热带东风急流显著偏强和偏弱期平流层绕极反气旋及波动的差异

首先采用150～100 hPa气层20 °W～180 °,15 °S～35 °N区域的平均东风和单位面积东风贡献的动能两种办法定义了热带东风急流(TEJ)指数,并分析了1948—2010年TEJ随时间的变化。然后利用谐波分析方法分析了急流显著偏强和偏弱期平流层10 hPa绕极反气旋和波动的差异。分析表明,在急流显著偏强期平流层10 hPa 40 °N以北的绕极反气旋偏弱,而急流显著偏弱期则偏强,差值约为100～150位势米。45 °N以北1波占绝对优势,1波从春到夏的季节转换与TEJ的快速发展紧密相连,急流显著偏强期1波的季节性调整早于显著偏弱期。急流显著偏强和偏弱期相比,极区65～85 °N 1波平均槽脊位置有较大差异。45～60 °N纬带1波在急流显著偏强期振幅明显加强,变化相对稳定,而急流显著偏弱期1波振幅和位相的变化要强烈得多。      

全尾砂-废石混合回填膏体流动特性变化规律

质量浓度、废石掺量是影响尾砂-废石混合回填体流动特性的主要因素,研究这些因素对膏体流动性的影响规律,对于控制膏体流动性具有重要意义。采用改进的小型直剪装置进行混合回填体直剪试验,以黏聚力、内摩擦角、抗剪强度为依据,综合得出了混合回填膏体流动性变化规律。试验结果表明,膏体在受力变形前期呈较为明显的似弹性性质,随废石掺量增加,位移-剪应力曲线中阶梯状变化趋势增加;回填体黏聚力取决于质量浓度,内摩擦角受质量浓度和废石掺量影响程度基本相同,两者协同作用;质量浓度在80%～88%范围时,黏聚力随质量浓度增大呈非线性增大,内摩擦角与质量浓度呈S型变化趋势;抗剪强度随质量浓度的增大而增加,在82%～84%区间抗剪强度变化显著,流动性出现突变。