庙岛群岛旅游资源评估与可持续利用

庙岛群岛旅游资源丰富.本文运用特尔斐法(Delphi)及层次分析法(AHP)构建庙岛群岛旅游资源开发价值评估模型,定性与定量相结合,对10个条件适宜的岛屿进行评估.进而提出优化庙岛群岛旅游资源空间结构,实现可持续利用的若干对策.     

基于遥感的宁夏地区高温热浪风险评估

高温热浪灾害风险信息对全球气候变暖及快速城市化条件下的防控极端灾害事件具有重要的参考价值.为了解决高温热浪危险性因子评估不全面的问题,基于多源卫星遥感数据和社会经济统计数据,在结合地表温度和气象数据作为高温危险性因子的基础上,通过层次分析法和图层叠置法评估模型计算得到2014—2019年7—8月宁夏高温热浪风险等级空间...     

Estimation of areal precipitation in the Qilian Mountains based on a gridded dataset since 1961

Based on a 0.5°×0.5° daily gridded precipitation dataset and observations in meteorological stations released by the National Meteorological Information Center, the interannual variation of areal precipitation in the Qilian Mountains during 1961-2012 is investigated using principal component analysis (PCA) and regression analysis, and the relationship between areal precipitation and drought accumulation intensity is also analyzed. The results indicate that the spatial distribution of precipitation in the Qilian Mountains can be well reflected by the gridded dataset. The gridded data-based precipitation in mountainous region is generally larger than that in plain region, and the eastern section of the mountain range usually has more precipitation than the western section. The annual mean areal precipitation in the Qilian Mountains is 724.9×10⁸ m³, and the seasonal means in spring, summer, autumn and winter are 118.9×10⁸ m³, 469.4×10⁸ m³, 122.5×10⁸ m³ and 14.1×10⁸ m³, respectively. Summer is a season with the largest areal precipitation among the four seasons, and the proportion in summer is approximately 64.76%. The areal precipitation in summer, autumn and winter shows increasing trends, but a decreasing trend is seen in spring. Among the four seasons, summer have the largest trend magnitude of 1.7×10⁸ m³×a^-1. The correlation between areal precipitation in the mountainous region and dry-wet conditions in the mountains and the surroundings can be well exhibited. There is a negative correlation between drought accumulation intensity and the larger areal precipitation is consistent with the weaker drought intensity for this region.     

辽宁省不同等级降雪变化特征

利用辽宁省52个站逐日降水量及降雪天气现象资料提取出逐日降雪数据,采用多种统计方法分析了近53 a(1961-2013年)不同等级降雪的时空变化特征,研究表明:降雪量和降雪日数空间分布上山地要大于平原地区,由东部山区向沿海地区减少;降雪强度中心位于辽宁中部城市群所在的平原地区。降雪量、降雪日数年内分配分别呈双峰型和单峰型分布,中雪等级以上的降雪多发生在冬末春初。年降雪量增加,年降雪日数(降雪强度)显著减少(减小);降雪日数的显著减少主要表现为微量降雪日数和小雪日数的减少,尤其是微量降雪日数,降雪强度的显著增大主要是暴雪强度的增大。1960s和1970s为降雪偏多时段,1990s以来降雪量增加,降雪日数减少。不同区域各级降雪占总降雪的比例,辽东地区以微量降雪日数最大,其他区域均以小雪日数和暴雪降雪量最大。全省降雪量有65.4%站点呈增加趋势,降雪日数96.2%的站点呈减少趋势,降雪强度90.4%站点呈增大趋势,辽西地区降雪变率要大于辽东山区。小雪降雪量和微量降雪日数贡献率均呈下降趋势,其他不同等级降雪贡献率均呈上升趋势。随着纬度升高(海拔增高),总降雪量(降雪日数)和各等级降雪量(降雪日数)均增加,总降雪强度和小雪强度减小。     

五垛山复式岩基锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

五垛山复式岩基位于北秦岭构造带东段,地处朱阳关—夏馆断裂和乔端—瓦穴子断裂之间,整体呈NWW向展布,由多个岩体复合组成,具多期次岩浆活动特征,岩性主要为黑云母二长花岗岩。本文在其解体出来的石门序列和五垛山序列中,采集5件样品进行了锆石U-Pb年龄值测定。测定结果对该区岩浆活动、构造背景及区域构造演化、地层时代确定等具有一定的地质意义。     

探地雷达在黑龙江漠河县城区冻土勘测中的应用

在气候变暖影响下, 多年冻土对人类活动的响应更加敏感, 以至加速退化. 冻土退化后带来的生态环境和工程建筑热稳定性问题也会更加明显. 以黑龙江省漠河县城区为例, 结合钻孔资料和温度监测数据, 应用探地雷达对城区中心以及周边的多年冻土分布特征进行了探测, 研究分析了城市化对多年冻土的热影响. 结果表明: 雷达波在漠河城区地层的传播速度为0.07~0.08 m·ns^-1, 探地雷达结果与钻孔、温度监测资料相一致, 能够较准确的确定融化深度、冻土类型、地层结构. 城区对冻土退化影响较大, 城区中心冻土退化严重, 探测范围(0~10 m)内无冻土存在; 城郊周围沼泽化湿地下部普遍发育含冰量较高的多年冻土, 人为扰动影响较小, 冻土上限较浅, 冻土热状况相对稳定. 随着漠河城区逐渐扩张, 拟建或在建市政工程大多将修建在城郊周围沼泽化湿地上, 人为活动不断增加势必会加速多年冻土退化, 但其长期热影响范围和程度还需深入研究.     

祁连山摆浪河全新世冰量变化初探

采用祁连山老虎沟12号冰川2009年RTK测量生成的数字高程模型(DEM), 建立现代冰川表面横截面拟合的二次方程, 结合差分GPS测量的冰碛垄形态, 运用于祁连山摆浪河上游14号冰川和16号冰川全新世以来冰量变化的估算. 结果表明: 新冰期以来冰储量减少0.38 km³, 小冰期以来14号冰川和16号冰川的冰储量分别减少0.016 km³和0.047 km³; 根据祁连山全新世各个时期最大冰川范围的时间, 估计了全新世以来14号和16号冰川冰储量的减少速率, 新冰期以来为12.2×10^-5~15.0×10^-5 km³·a^-1, 小冰期以来分别为4.0×10^-5~5.3×10^-5 km³·a^-1, 11.75×10^-5~15.7×10^-5 km³·a^-1.     

Comparison of Sea Surface Heights Derived from Satellite Altimetry and from Ocean Bottom Pressure Gauges: The SW Pacific MOTEVAS Project

A bottom pressure gauge (BPG) was installed in proximity (3.7 km at closest approach) of Jason-1 and formerly TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P) ground track No. 238 at the Wusi site, located ～ 10 km offshore off the west coast of Santo Island, Vanuatu, Southwest (SW) Pacific. Sea level variations are inferred from the bottom pressure, seawater temperature, and salinity, corrected for the measured surface atmospheric pressure. The expansion of the water column (steric increase in sea surface height, SSH) due to temperature and salinity changes is approximated by the equation of state. We compare time series of SSH derived from T/P Side B altimeter Geophysical Data Records (GDR) and Jason-1 Interim Geophysical Data Records (IGDR), with the gauge-inferred sea level variations. Since altimeter SSH is a geocentric measurement, whereas the gauge-inferred observation is a relative sea level measurement, SSH comparison is conducted with the means of both series removed in this study. In addition, high-rate (1-Hz) bottom pressure implied wave heights (H _1/3 ) are compared with the significant wave height (SWH) measured by Jason-1. Noticeable discrepancy is found in this comparison for high waves, however the differences do not contribute significantly to the difference in sea level variations observed between the altimeter and the pressure gauge. In situ atmospheric pressure measurements are also used to verify the inverse barometer (IB) and the dry troposphere corrections (DTC) used in the Jason IGDR. We observe a bias between the IGDR corrections and those derived from the local sensors. Standard deviations of the sea level differences between T/P and BPG is 52 mm and is 48 mm between Jason and BPG, indicating that both altimeters have similar performance at the Wusi site and that it is feasible to conduct long-term monitoring of altimetry at such a site.     

一种适用于动态变形测量的双频模糊度实时解算方法

设计了一种短基线情况下双差模糊度的实时解算方法,利用双频载波相位的两个长波组合φ-3,4和φ4,-5,通过坐标初始值约束和双频信号之间的相关关系,可快速求解模糊度,采用抗差自适应滤波来提高模糊度求解的可靠性及定位精度。该方法对监测点初始点位误差的要求可放宽至50cm,适合于变形幅度较大的动态监测系统。     

一种新的区域对流层拟合模型及其在PPP中的应用

在分析常用的四参数曲面模型等区域对流层延迟模型的基础上,提出了一种新的基于多面函数的对流层拟合模型,并利用自编软件分析了各模型的拟合效果。将对流层拟合模型应用于改进的PPP定位算法,结果表明,所提方法能有效地提高初始历元的解算精度,收敛后定位结果与采用随机游走估计对流层湿延迟方法的结果精度相当。该方法可在一两个历元中使PPP收敛至dm级,但是对PPP收敛至cm级的效率提高并不明显。