过去2000年典型暖期北半球温度变化特征及成因分析

过去2000年包含了罗马暖期（Roman Warm Period,简称RWP）、中世纪气候异常期（Medieval Climate Anomaly,简称MCA）和现代暖期（Present Warm Period,简称PWP）这3个典型暖期,前人对罗马暖期的关注相对较少。为了更好地对比自然暖期和叠加了人类活动的暖期的温度变化特征及成因,文章利用通用地球系统模式（Community Earth System Model,简称CESM）的过去2000年气候模拟试验资料,在与重建资料和同化资料（Last Millennium Reanalysis,简称LMR）进行对比验证的基础上,对这3个典型暖期北半球的温度变化特征和成因机制进行了初步探讨。结果表明：CESM的全强迫试验能很好地模拟出重建资料与LMR所反映的两个自然暖期（RWP和MCA）以及PWP,PWP相较于RWP和MCA北半球增温幅度明显更大。通过对比单因子敏感性试验结果发现,RWP时期主要受土地覆盖变化的影响,同时太阳活动、火山活动强迫对地表增温有一定调节作用;而MCA时期的火山活动频率相比RWP时期更小,且太阳活动稳定,此时土地覆盖的调节作用相比RWP时期减弱;PWP时期在温室气体强迫驱动下,地表温度增加显著,其贡献远超过火山活动、太阳活动两个外强迫因子,此时土地利用/覆盖强迫对增温显示出负向影响,同时北极涛动增强,进一步加剧PWP时期的增温。

     

面波频散谱多模式高分辨率成像的多道信号比较法

高分辨率的面波频散谱成像是浅层地震勘探领域基于频散性质反演横波速度结构中的一个关键步骤.在天然地震探测领域,仅利用两个台站记录的线性信号比较法(LSC),被广泛用来计算面波的频散谱,并用于大尺度的面波层析成像.然而互相关的成像方式会造成频散谱在低频端较低的分辨率.非线性信号比较法(NLSC)利用指数函数克服了这个问题,...     

射线透射图像中轻物质自动识别算法的研究

目的:针对射线透射图像中轻物质的自动识别存在的难点问题进行研究。方法:提出了基于轮廓特征和灰度特征的识别算法,结果:详细地阐述了利用识别算法进行识别的过程;结论:给出了识别算法的实验结果。     

Suspended sediment and total dissolved solid yield patterns at the headwaters of Urumqi River,northwestern China: a comparison between glacial and non‐glacial catchments

In order to understand the differences in the suspended sediment and total dissolved solid (TDS) yield patterns between the glacial and non‐glacial catchments at the headwaters of Urumqi River, northwestern China, water samples were collected from a glacier catchment and an empty cirque catchment within the region, during three melting seasons from 2006 to 2008. These samples were analyzed to estimate suspended sediment and TDS concentrations, fluxes and erosion rates in the two adjoining catchments. There were remarked differences in suspended sediment and TDS yield patterns between the two catchments. Suspended sediment concentrations were controlled mainly by the sediment source, whereas TDS concentrations were primarily related to the hydrologic interaction with soil minerals. Generally, the glacial catchment had much higher suspended sediment and TDS yields, together with higher denudation rates, than the non‐glacial catchment. Overall, glacial catchment was mainly dominated by physical denudation process, whereas the non‐glacial catchment was jointly influenced by physical and chemical denudation processes. The observed differences in material delivery patterns were mainly controlled by the runoff source and the glacial processes. The melting periods of glacier and snow were typically the most important time for the suspended sediment and TDS yields. Meanwhile, episodic precipitation events could generate disproportionately large yields. Subglacial hydrology dynamics, glaciers pluck and grind processes could affect erodibility, and the large quantities of dust stored on the glacier surface provided additional sources for suspended sediment transport in the glacial catchment. These mechanisms imply that, in response to climate change, the catchment behaviour will be modified significantly in this region, in terms of material flux. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

影像与激光雷达数据的城市地物信息提取

针对城市地物信息提取中地物边界难以确定、分类精度不高的问题,该文提出一套综合利用影像及激光雷达点云高程信息的面向对象分类方法。在分割中,各类地物的最佳分割尺度由监督法分割精度评价确定,最终分割结果利用粒度理论下的分割尺度综合方法进行合成,能兼顾不同地物最优分割尺度,获得准确地物边界;在分类中,采用ReliefF特征选择算法度量从影像及点云数据提取的对象特征重要度,选择最佳特征组合,并采用多分类器组合方法进行分类,以消除Hughes现象,提高分类精度。选择德国斯图加特市两块实验区进行分类实验,结果表明:该方法有利于提高大范围城市地物精细信息提取的精度和效率,具有较高的应用价值。     

新疆白杨河铍铀矿床萤石Sm-Nd和沥青铀矿U-Pb年代学及其地质意义

白杨河矿床是我国类型独特的一个特大型铍、铀多金属矿床,铍矿物主要确定为羟硅铍石,铀矿物主要发现沥青铀矿和次生的硅钙铀矿以及少量的铌铀矿,伴生矿物主要是萤石。为恢复铀和铍的成矿过程,划分成矿阶段,本次工作通过系统采集钻孔中的萤石样品,进行了Sm-Nd同位素测年研究,获得了三组等时线年龄,分别为291±16Ma、265±33Ma和207±37Ma,代表了成矿前、成矿期和成矿后萤石的形成;采集中心工地、新西工地和九号工地平巷内的沥青铀矿样品,进行了UPb同位素测年研究,获得了~(206)Pb/~(238)U表观年龄237.8±3.3Ma、224±3.1Ma、197.8±2.8Ma、97.8±1.4Ma和30.0±0.4Ma,利用U-Pb表观年龄将铀矿化划分为四个阶段:中三叠世、晚三叠-早侏罗世、晚白垩世和古近纪中期。因此,白杨河矿床具有铍早铀晚的成矿特点,铀成矿经历了四个阶段。     

西北太平洋气候和海洋环境变化对柔鱼空间分布的影响

Ommastrephes bartramii is an ecologically dependent species and has great commercial values among the AsiaPacific countries. This squid widely inhabits the North Pacific, one of the most dynamic marine environments in the world, subjecting to multi-scale climatic events such as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation(PDO). Commercial fishery data from the Chinese squid-jigging fleets during 1995–2011 are used to evaluate the influences of climatic and oceanic environmental variations on the spatial distribution of O. bartramii. Significant interannual and seasonal variability are observed in the longitudinal and latitudinal gravity centers(LONG and LATG) of fishing ground of O. bartramii. The LATG mainly occurred in the waters with the suitable ranges of environmental variables estimated by the generalized additive model. The apparent north-south spatial shift in the annual LATG appeares to be associated with the PDO phenomenon and is closely related to the sea surface temperature(SST)and sea surface height(SSH) on the fishing ground, whereas the mixed layer depth(MLD) might contribute limited impacts to the distribution pattern of O. bartramii. The warm PDO regimes tend to yield cold SST and low SSH, resulting in a southward shift of LATG, while the cold PDO phases provid warm SST and elevated SSH,resulting in a northward shift of LATG. A regression model is developed to help understand and predict the fishing ground distributions of O. bartramii and improve the fishery management.     

山西保德上二叠统孙家沟组中发现锯齿龙类集群埋藏化石

正1研究目的(Objective)晚二叠末期地球生物大灭绝事件已被众多地质学家所证实。近年来,随着全球海相P-T界线层型剖面和"金钉子"(GSSP)在中国浙江煤山确立,生物地层学的研究热点又转向陆相P-T界线研究。地处华北地区的山西,陆相二叠系、三叠系齐全,是该时期众多组名的命名地点,且各地层中保存有各门类动、植物化石,有望成为陆相P-T界线研究的理想地区。有观点认为,晚二叠世,由于全球气温急剧升高,植物大量死亡,陆生脊椎动物由于不适     

中国南部及邻区能源资源成矿区带数据集

能源矿产是国家安全和经济发展的战略资源,加强我国及周边地区油气和煤等能源资源的研究和开发利用意义重大。依据板块构造和大陆动力学以及油气与煤成藏地质学理论,以深部构造控制盆—山发育、盆—山耦合和热动力系统控制成矿的研究工作思路,应用70个油气田、471个煤田的基础地质资料,从沉积盆地发育的区域地质特征、成矿地质条件和成矿单元诸多方面,在地理信息系统（GIS）平台上提示了该区板块构造格局与能源资源的时空分布规律。中国南部及邻区能源资源可划分为3个成矿域,每个成矿域又可进一步划分为成矿省、含矿区（盆地）、矿田聚集区带、矿田（油气田）五个级别的成矿区域。数据集由构造带（断裂带和造山带）类型和时代、盆地类型和时代、能源矿产资源类型和丰度、成矿区带等元数据组成。该数据集是在区域大地构造研究的基础上,结合沉积盆地能源矿产（石油、天然气、煤）资源评价资料,综合分析成矿区带特征,利用地理信息系统（GIS）建立的一套完整的数据库,不仅是对中国南部及邻区区域地质认识和沉积盆地能源资源勘查工作成果的集成,而且为国家科学地引导地质找矿工作部署提供理论基础。