Characteristics and identification of weathering crust of Pennsylvanian volcanic rocks in Shixi area,Junggar Basin

Based on drill core and thin section observation, major geochemical element analysis and conventional well log analysis, this study summarizes the characteristics and thickness of weathering crust of Pennsylvanian volcanic rocks(Carboniferous) in Shixi area, Junggar Basin. The weathering crust is identified and divided into three types according to the petrological characteristics and well log interpretations in Shixi area, and the isopach of weathering crust is mapped. The results show that:(1)...     

Characterization of marine microplankton communities of Qingdao coastal areas using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)

Microplankton communities of three coastal sites of Qingdao, Shandong Province, China were investigated using RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) molecular markers and morphological observations. Eight RAPDprimers were selected to amplify the DNA polymorphy. The genetic distances inferred from the pairwise similarities were calculated for the phylogenetic tree construction. Meantime, the traditional microscopic determination, a way of visualizing the species composition, was performed to detect the major taxa of microplanktons from all samples. Results showed that: (1) the band sharing index values were in the range of 0.504 2—0.763 2 among samples from the same sampling site at different time scales, while 0.406 5—0.685 7 among the samples from different stations at the same time scales, indicating that spatial variations of microplankton communities were more pronounced than temporal ones; (2) samples from the same station basically clustered together, corresponding to the geographic distribution of the sampling sites; (3) diversity derived from genetic and morphological data did not correspond with each other well.     

CONCEPT, DISTRIBUTION LAW AND FORMATION MACHANISM OF INLAND SALINE ALKALINE WETLAND─ ─ Taking Songliao Plain for Example

1 RESEARCH BACKGROUND According to the modern wetland concept, inland saline alkaline wetland is a component of wetland. In the world, it is mainly distributed in inland plain, plateau and basin of the arid or semi arid areas where there are fragile ecosystems deteriorated environment and poor biological resources which result in backward economy and poverty. Therefore, the study on inland saline alkaline wetland is significant for improving environment and realizing sustainable d…     

The Genesis Mechanism of the Mantle Fluid Action and Evolution in the Ore‐Forming Process: A Case Study of the Laowangzhai Gold Deposit in Yunnan,China

Based on petrological studies of the wall rocks, mineralizing rocks, ores and veins from the Laowangzhai gold deposit, it is discovered that along with the development of silication, carbonation and sulfidation, a kind of black opaque ultra-microlite material runs through the spaces between grains, fissures and cleavages. Under observations of the electron microprobe, scanning electronic microscopy and energy spectrum, this kind of ultra-microlite material is confirmed to consist of ultra microcrystalline quartz, silicate, sulfides and carbonates, as well as rutile, scheelite and specularite (magnetite), showing characters of liquation by the analyses of SEM and energy spectrum. The coexistence of immiscibility and precipitating co-crystallization strongly suggests that the mineralizing fluid changed from the melt to the hydrothermal fluid. Combined with the element geochemical researches, it is realized that the ultra-microlite aggregate is the direct relics of the mantle fluid behaving like a melt and supercritical fluid, which goes along with the mantle-derived magma and will escape from the magma body at a proper time. During the alteration process, the nature of the mantle fluid changed and it is mixed with the crustal fluid, which are favorable for mineralization in the Loawangzhai gold deposit.     

基于MODIS影像的陆地辐射雾微物理参数反演及动态变化分析

作为一种常见的气象灾害,雾灾严重的影响了人们交通出行等日常生活。基于遥感影像反演的雾微物理参数可在一定程度反映雾灾的发展状况和严重程度,进而对大雾进行有效的监测和预测。本文选取发生于华北地区2007年11月24日13时10分的陆地辐射雾MODIS影像作为试验数据,在大雾生消机理和遥感影像信息提取基础上,构建了大雾路径辐射模型和微物理参数反演算法,成功反演出能见度、含水量、有效粒子半径3个微物理参数,并在湖北省气象局提供的地面观测数据基础上对能见度进行了地面数据验证,得到两者的相关系数为0．9366．地面数据与反演结果相关性较大,数值误差较小,说明反演方法具有可行性。本文进一步应用该模型对发生于华北地区2007年11月21日至11月26日的一次陆地辐射雾MODIS时间序列影像反演微物理参数并进行动态变化分析,总结出大雾具有爆发性产生和重复阶段性发展的特点,能见度主要受大气辐射和水汽供给的影响。其值在50～130m之间变化,和平均含水量、有效粒子半径成反比例关系,共同反映出雾灾的严重程度和发展阶段。     

Thermoluminescence in response to the mass extinction event in Penglaitan Section in Laibin,Guangxi

Thermoluminescence(TL)in marine carbonate has been proposed as a potential proxy for reconstruction of paleoceanography history,and has already been used in defining the Quaternary environment.However,its availability in the geological time scale,such as Permian,is still on debate.The mass extinction event caused by drastic changes of global marine environment in Middle-Late Permian provides a typical example to testify the applicability of this proxy.Here we measured the natural thermoluminescence of the carbonate-dominating marine sediments collected from the strata through the Guadalupian-Lopingian mass extinction boundary(G/LB)in the Penglaitan Section in Laibin,Guangxi,China.Our results reveal that TL intensities of carbonate are much higher than those of siliceous rocks,which indicates that the carbonate is the main contributor to the TL.The variation of TL intensities are related with Mn and Fe contents in the carbonate lattices while high Mn and low Fe(e.g.,high Mn/Fe ratio)in carbonate will release stronger TL.Due to the better storage of carbonate lattices for original information of Mn and Fe in seawater,thermoluminescence of carbonate-dominating sediments/rocks could sensitively reflect marine environment and biological productivity in geological time scale.     

Petroleum Distribution Characteristics of the Americas and the Exploration Prospect Analysis

The world’s present demand for oil and gas is still in a rapid growth period, and traditional oil and gas resources account for more than 60% of the global oil and gas supply. The Americas is the world’s second largest production and consumption center of liquid fuel, and is also the world’s largest natural gas producer. In 2016, the Americas had 85.3 billion tons of proven oil reserves and 18.7 trillion m3 of proven natural gas reserves, which account for 35.4% and 10.0% of world’s total reserves, respectively. It produced 1267.1 Mt of oil and 1125.4 billion m3 of natural gas, which account for 28.9% and 31.7% of the world’s total production, respectively. The crude oil and natural gas reserves are mainly distributed in the U.S., Canada and Venezuela. The U.S. is the earliest and most successful country in shale gas exploration and development, and its shale gas is concentrated in the southern, central and eastern U.S., including the Marcellcus shale, Barnett shale, EagleFord shale, Bakken shale, Fayettevis shale, Haynsvill shale, Woodford shale and Monterey/Santos shale. The potential oil and gas resources in the Americas are mainly concentrated in the anticline and stratigraphic traps in the Middle-Upper Jurassic slope deposition of the North Slope Basin, the Paleozoic Madsion group dolomite and limestone in the Williston Basin, dominant stratigraphic traps and few structural traps in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin, the Eocene structural-stratigraphic hydrocarbon combination, structural-unconformity traps and structural hydrocarbon combination, and the Upper Miocene stratigraphic-structural hydrocarbon combination in the Maracaibo Basin of Venezuela, the stratigraphic-structural traps and fault horst, tilting faulted blocks and anticlines related to subsalt structure and basement activity in the Campos Basin, the subsalt central low-uplift belt and supra-salt central low-uplift belt in the Santos Basin of Brazil, and the structural-stratigraphic traps in the Neuquen Basin of Argentina. In addition, the breakthrough of seismic subsalt imaging technology makes the subsalt deepwater sea area of eastern Barzil an important oil and gas potential area.     

Re-Os Isotopic Age of Molybdenite of the Jingren Deposit and its Mineralogical Significance of Magnetite,Pyrite and Chalcopyrite

The Jingren deposit is part of the Qimantage metallogenic belt within the eastern Kunlun orogenic belt, the largest metallogenic belt in Qinghai Province, northwestern China. Exploration data show that the metal resources of the Jingren deposit are greater than 93000 t in a mining area of 76.15 km2, which indicates significant exploration potential in the near future. Three W–E-trending faults, F1-3, dominate the extension of the mineralization zone, which consists of chalcopyrite, pyrite, magnetite, galena, sphalerite, and molybdenite as well as bismuth-bearing minerals. The deposit contains a large amount of late Triassic intrusive rocks, however, previous research did not reach a consensus on the timing or the origin of the mineralization owing to a lack of geochronological data and poor exposure conditions. In the present study, Re-Os isotopic dating from six molybdenite samples collected from a borehole of the granodiorite in the Jingren deposit using negative thermal ionization mass spectrometry(NTIMS) showed 187 Re and 187 Os concentrations of 0.26–4.40 ppm and 1.03–16.46 ppb, respectively, with an initial 187 Os/188 Os value of 0.06 ± 0.19. This proves that the Jingren deposit has a metallogenic age of(225 ± 4) Ma and is the product of united mineralization of the Qimantage metallogenic belt and that the Jingren deposit might actually be an Indosinian metallogeny. In addition, the Re content of these samples, at 0.42 ppm to 7.00 ppm shows that the mineralization was derived mainly from a crustal source. Furthermore, electron probe microanalysis(EPMA) conducted on chalcopyrite obtained from 22 metallic mineral samples revealed(Fe + Cu)/S ratios of 1.801–1.947 with an average of 1.852, which is lower than the ideal value(1.875). Besides, the main ore body formed in a relatively higher temperature environment than the surrounding rocks in the Jingren deposit. These data indicate that the Jingren deposit formed in a metallogenic environment at lower temperature. Moreover, according to the TiO2-Al2 O3-(MgO+ MnO) and TiO2-Al2 O3-MgO genetic classification diagram for magnetite, the Jingren deposit most likely belongs to the skarn family. In addition, the Co-Ni-As genetic classification diagram of the pyrite indicates sedimentary and skarn genetic characteristics.     

Exploratory Precipitation in North-Central China during the Past Four Centuries

Abstract: Two robust precipitation reconstructions were conducted by combining tree-ring chronologies, dryness/wetness indices from historical documents, and climate data from the global grid. It was found that the recurrent drought history of a region can help us understand the variability of precipitation. Several dry/wet periods during the past four centuries and potential cycles of precipitation variation were determined. Furthermore, the reconstructions are not only consistent well with each other in North-central China, but also in good agreement with variations of precipitation in northeastern Mongolia, the Longxi area in Gangsu Province and the Dulan area of Qinghai Province, and the snow accumulation of the Guliya glacier. These synchronous variations indicate that it is valuable to study various climate records, find common information and determine the driving force of climate change.