微波作用下化学助剂在细粉煤脱水中的应用研究

探讨了在微波加热条件下加入表面活性剂和溶剂油等有机溶剂对脱水效果的影响,力求找出其中的脱水规律。结果表明：微波脱水效果明显,同时,表面活性剂能够大大降低滤饼含湿量,而且非离子表面活性剂的效果比阳离子、阴离子好,柴油也能促进粉煤的脱水。     

湖南洛塔屋檐洞水库生态安全指标体系及综合评判

本文以DSR模型为框架建立了湖南洛塔屋檐洞水库生态安全评价指标体系,并引入缀块丰富度密度、聚集度、景观均匀性指数等景观生态学指数,采用层次分析和模糊评判有机结合的综合方法,从生态安全状态、压力、响应三个指标体系角度出发,具体分析了屋檐洞库区自然、社会、经济三方面的生态安全问题,对库区生态安全进行综合评价,评判出屋檐洞水库库区系统生态安全属于安全级别,并根据评价中间结果找出生态安全响应是洛塔中寨水电站建设的潜在生态危险因素,提出建立合理科学的生态补偿机制以及库区生态安全预警系统等对策.     

西昆仑麻扎-康西瓦一带温泉沟群的形成时代及物源区分析

温泉沟群出露在西昆仑麻扎-康西瓦构造接合带的南侧,岩性主要为浅变质的碎屑岩,对这套碎屑岩的形成时代和产出构造背景目前还存在着争议。采于这套地层中的大量微体古生物化石表明,其形成时代为早志留世。物质组成、岩石碎屑特征、岩石地球化学特征等的分析结果显示,其物源区主要为活动大陆边缘、过渡陆壳和造山再旋回物源区,形成时的构造环境为深海相残留洋盆。这些分析结果为康西瓦结合带的研究提供了地层学方面的依据。     

Early Cretaceous adakitic granites in the Northern Dabie Complex, central China: Implications for partial melting and delamination of thickened lower crust

To date, few adakitic rocks have been reported in direct association with contemporary intra-continental extensional structures, which has cast doubt on genetic models involving partial melting of the lower crust. This study presents Early Cretaceous (143-129 Ma, new Sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) zircon U-Pb ages) adakitic granites, which are directly associated with a contemporary metamorphic core complex (i.e., the Northern Dabie Complex in the Dabie area). These granites exhibit relatively high Sr contents, negligible to positive Eu and Sr anomalies, high La/Yb and Sr/Y ratios, but very low Yb and Y contents, similar to subducted oceanic crust-derived adakites. They are also characterized, however, by very low MgO or Mg^# and Ni values, and Nd-Sr isotope compositions (ε_Nd(t) = −14.6 to −19.4 and (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i = 0.7067-0.7087) similar to Triassic continent-derived eclogites subducted in the Dabie-Sulu Orogen. Additionally, late granitic dikes in the adakitic intrusions exhibit low Sr contents, clearly negative Eu and Sr anomalies, low La/Yb and Sr/Y ratios, but relatively high Yb and Y contents, similar to 118-105 Ma granites in the Northern Dabie Complex. Based on composition and geochronology data of Neoproterozoic amphibolites and orthogneisses, Triassic high- to ultra-high pressure metamorphic rocks, and Early Cretaceous mafic-ultramafic intrusive rocks, and the constraints provided by experimental melt data for tonalites, metabasaltic rocks and eclogites, we suggest that the adakitic granites were most probably generated by partial melting of thickened amphibole or rutile-bearing eclogitic lower crust as a consequence of Triassic-Middle Jurassic subduction and thrusting. The late dikes probably originated from plagioclase-bearing intermediate granulites. Moreover, we suggest that late Mesozoic delamination or foundering of thickened eclogitic lower crust is also a more plausible mechanism for the petrogenesis of Early Cretaceous mafic-ultramafic intrusive rocks in the Dabie area, and probably involved partial melting of a mixed source comprising eclogitic lower crust that had delaminated or foundered into upper lithospheric or asthenospheric mantle peridotite. Asthenospheric upwelling in response to post-collisional delamination of lithospheric mantle was likely to have provided the heat source for the Cretaceous magmatism.     

基于数字图像处理技术的冰川堆积物粒度分析——以川西贡嘎山冰川堆积物为例

冰川堆积物的粒度组成在很大程度上控制了其物理力学性质,但常规试验无法得到连续的冰川堆积物的粒度组成数据.应用数字图像处理技术和室内试验相结合的分析方法,首先借助图像处理技术,对冰川堆积物剖面的砾石形态进行分析.获取粗粒部分(>2cm)的粒度组成,然后采用室内颗分试验获得细粒(<2cm)部分的粒度组成,将2类粒度数据进行叠合即可获取连续的冰川堆积物的粒度组成.结果表明:研究区冰ill堆积物的粒度组成极不均匀且颗粒分析曲线呈现多峰性,具有良好的级配和工程性质;冰川堆积物的粒度组成、砾石形态和排列特征都有很好的分形特征.     

基于Drucker-Prager准则的扩孔器单齿正交切削岩土三维力学模型

扩孔器是定向穿越扩孔钻进阶段进行岩土切削的主要工具,合理的结构设计是提高扩孔时效、降低工程复杂问题出现几率的主要手段,且由于扩孔阶段是决定定向穿越工程工期的最主要阶段,因此,对扩孔器切削齿的切削效率进行深入研究是非常必要的。从单齿正交切削岩土的机制入手,综合考虑岩土与切削齿面之间的接触摩擦及岩土剪切区的剪切作用,分析了单齿正交切削岩土的力学特征,基于能够考虑中间主应力对岩土破坏影响的Drucker-Prager强度准则,推导了单齿正交切削岩土的主切削力与主切削力矩计算公式;在利用有限元计算程序对所推导公式进行验证的基础上,优选了剪切角计算模型,获得了不同岩土材料时的主切削力解析解,并分析了不同齿前角对主切削力的影响规律,从而获得单齿正交切削岩土的最优齿前角,为进一步研究扩孔器整体结构设计并针对不同岩土介质设计出适应性更强的扩孔器结构奠定基础。     

利用AO扩展ArcGIS中建筑物3维可视化功能

在城市3维GIS研究、城市建筑物3维可视化背景下,基于COM接口,利用AO在VB环境下开发了一个可以在ArcGIS中自动生成建筑物3D屋顶(房屋)和纹理的DLL,加强了ArcGIS的建筑物3维可视化功能。     

大洋环流的通风温跃层研究进展

介绍了大洋环流理论中通风温跃层研究的主要进展。给出了温跃层研究的发展过程、有关通风温跃层的基本概念、通风温跃层内环流的基本特征以及环流通风的计算结果。突出强调了在给出大洋的表面边界条件的情况下,如风应力旋度、背景层化、混合层深度、混合层密度分布以及侧边界条件,如何由通风温跃层理论得到大洋在三维尺度上水体运动的特征。     

淮南矿区煤中12种微量元素的赋存状态及环境效应

为研究淮南矿区煤中微量元素的赋存状态和环境效应,在淮南矿区7个矿井共采集17个样品,采用电感耦合等离子质谱仪（ICP-MS）测定了12种微量元素的含量,分别利用聚类分析和因子分析,结合其地球化学性质,讨论了它们的赋存状态,并采用静态燃烧实验研究其挥发性。结果表明:研究的元素没有异常富集;Zn和Cu赋存于闪锌矿中,Cr、Pb和Cd被粘土矿物吸附,Ba可能赋存于铁白云石和方解石中,Ni、Mo、Co和As主要赋存于黄铁矿中,Be和Se以有机结合态存在;研究的元素大多不易挥发,但Zn和Pb易挥发,且含量较高,环境危害较大,Zn和Pb分别赋存于闪锌矿和粘土矿物中,可通过洗选脱除减小其危害。     

Geochemistry of Subvolcanic-Type Copper-Silver Deposits in Eastern China

The metallogenesis of subvolcanic deposits is controlled by subvolcanic activities. The copper polymetallic deposits are genetically related to intermediate-acid rocks, and the silver polymetallic deposits are more closely related to acid rocks. The abundance of Cu is relatively high in the intermediate-acid rocks and subvolcanic rocks, whereas the abundances of Pb, An and Ag are high in acid rocks, indicating rich ore-forming elements in original magmas. The study of REEs shows that the magmatic type related to copper deposits is the syntectic type, and that related to silver polymetallic deposits is mainly the re-melting type. The deposits were formed under medium-low temperatures and low salinity. The metallogenic times were the late stage of the early Yanshanian or the late Yanshanian, dating 78-147 Ma.