干旱区城市环境与经济协调发展评价与对策研究——以乌鲁木齐市为例

以乌鲁木齐市为例,阐述了其经济与环境发展现状,通过构建乌鲁木齐市环境与经济评价的指标体系,利用协调发展的相关计算模型分析了乌鲁木齐市1985-2004年环境与经济协调发展度的变化及其类型,得出如下结论:乌鲁木齐市环境与经济发展的协调程度类型总体来看可归类于协调发展类型,从动态趋势而言,1985年基本上处于良好协调发展环境滞后型,1990年处于良好协调发展环境滞后衰退型,1995年处于良好协调发展环境滞后增长型,2000年以后一直处于优质协调发展环境滞后增长型。并在此基础上提出一些有利于环境与经济协调发展的对策与建议。     

新疆森林公园的分布及旅游开发初探

新疆森林公园的分布以山地为主,平原为辅,主要集中在天山北坡和阿尔泰山;树种等资源在山地主要有雪岭云杉,新疆落叶松,新疆冷杉等针叶林,平原则主要以胡杨、灰杨等荒漠湖岸林为主,并分布着多种新疆特色的灌木,新疆森林公园起步较晚,但数量稳步增长,并已根据不同层次的需求,进行旅游开发建设,发展势头良好。通过对新疆森林公园的数量、级别、面积及建设时间等基本情况进行分析,进一步对新疆森林公园的现状及功效分析,得出进一步更好的发展森林公园的必要性。最后,提出抓住森林公园“天然养吧”等资源优势,结合龙头景区,因地制宜开发建设,并在开展旅游活动中突出地方特色,不断完善森林公园管理规范,实现资源永续利用的发展建议。     

The conservation patterns of grassland ecosystem in response to the forage-livestock balance in North China

Being a key ecological security barrier and production base for grassland animal husbandry in China,the balance between grassland forage supply and livestock-carrying pressure in North China directly affects grassland degradation and restoration,thereby impacting grassland ecosystem services.This paper analyzes the spatiotemporal variation in grassland vegetation coverage,forage supply,and the balance between grassland forage supply and livestock-carrying pressure from 2000 to 2015 in North China.We then discuss the spatial pattern of grassland ecological conservation under the impacts of grassland degradation and restoration,and livestock-carrying pressure.Over the last 16 years,the total grassland area in North China decreased by about 16,000 km2,with vegetation coverage degraded by 6.7％ of the grasslands but significantly restored by another 5.4％ of grasslands.The provisioning of forage by natural grassland mainly increased over time,with an annual growth rate of approximately 0.3 kg/ha,but livestock-carrying pressure also increased continuously.The livestock-carrying pressure index without any supplementary feeding reached as high as 3.8.Apart from the potential livestock-carrying capacity in northeastern Inner Mongolia and the central Tibetan Plateau,most regions in North China are currently overloaded.Considering the actual supplementary feeding during the cold season,the livestock-carrying pressure index is about 3.1,with the livestock-carrying pressure mitigated in central and eastern Inner Mongolia.Assuming full supplementary feeding in the cold season,livestock-carrying pressure index will fall to 1.9,with the livestock-carrying pressure alleviated significantly in Inner Mongolia and on the Tibetan Plateau.Finally,we propose different conservation and development strategies to balance grassland ecological conservation and animal husbandry production in different regions of protected areas,pastoral areas,farming-pastoral ecotone,and farming areas,according to the grassland ecological protection patterns.     

DRY-SEASON VARIABILITY IN SUSPENDED SEDIMENT CONCENTRATIONS IN THE SOUTH PASSAGE OF THE CHANGJIANG ESTUARY

This paper reports the results of continuous monitoring of turbidity, water depth, salinity (using an Optical Backscatter Sensor (OBS)), and current velocity (using a Current meter (SLC9-2)) in the South Passage of the Changjiang Estuary over a spring–neap period in February 2003 (dry season). The turbidity measured via OBS was closely correlated with the suspended sediment concentration (SSC), which was highly variable. Over the study period, the SSC in the middle layer ranged from 110 to 1400 mg/l. The minimum SSC occurred during a late ebb tide, and the maximum SSC occurred during a late flood tide. On average, the SSC was 1.5 times higher during flood tide than during ebb tide. Vertically within the water column, SSC increased downward, with the ratio of SSC measured near the bed to that measured at the surface ranging from 1.90 to 18.3. The temporal variability in SSC is jointly governed by tides and wind-induced waves, whereas the vertical variability in SSC is attributed to the effect of gravity and vertical water circulation.     

攀西水系沉积物铂、钯异常及对找寻铂、钯矿的启示

利用攀枝花幅（永仁幅）、会理幅、盐边幅、米易幅、盐源幅和西昌幅共6个1：20万图幅的区域铂、钯地球化学资料,运用了数据滤波处理方法圈定铂族元素异常.讨论了水系沉积物中铂、钯地球化学背景和异常与峨眉山玄武岩、基性-超基性岩等地质体的空间关系,并做了该地区铂族矿产的找矿远景预测.     

辽宁省岩石环境系统信息化初探

根据辽宁省岩石环境质量现状,初步探讨岩石环境系统的信息化发展与建设设想.认为信息化是落实科学发展观的有效途径,是实现可持续发展的必由之路,是促进环境资源保护的有力武器,是环境科技水平的衡量标志,它有利于社会、经济、资源、环境更快更好地协调发展.     

中亚造山带西段俯冲起始时限及机制探讨

中亚造山带是世界上最大的显生宙增生型造山带,是研究增生造山过程和大陆地壳生长的绝佳场所,其形成记录了新元古代—早中生代古亚洲洋发展演化历程,主要由一系列微陆块、岛弧、海山/大洋高原、增生杂岩及蛇绿混杂岩构成.中亚造山带西段蛇绿混杂岩物质组成基本一致,除了典型的蛇绿岩组分外,大多发育典型的海山岩石组合,即枕状玄武岩、火山...     

粤港澳大湾区1975—2018年海岸线时空演变与影响因素分析

提要:海岸带是陆地向海洋延伸的过渡地带,是人口最为密集、人类活动最频繁的区域,全球超过50％的人口和60％的GDP总量集聚在离海岸线不足100 km的区域.海岸线对海平面上升、海岸侵蚀、港湾淤积、湿地生态资源、近海海域环境等具有重要的指示作用.本研究利用遥感影像获取了粤港澳大湾区(以下简称大湾区)1975—2018年间...     

初夏孟加拉湾低压与云南雨季开始期

通过对46年(1961—2006年)的初夏(4月21日~5月31日)孟加拉湾低压的研究,发现影响云南雨季开始期的初夏孟加拉湾低压系统源地大致位于9°~12°N,88°~91°E之间,较强的低压系统从源地移出后分别沿着两条路径影响云南,这两条路径对应着不同强弱的南亚高压环流。初夏孟加拉湾低压出现频率与云南雨季开始早晚有明显的负相关关系。前期3月中南半岛附近海域的对流强(弱),则有(不)利于初夏孟加拉湾地区产生低压系统。初夏孟加拉湾低压与前期南印度洋海温呈负相关,当南印度洋海温下降(上升)时,有(不)利于孟加拉湾地区对流加强、低压系统生成。     

亚欧典型热浪过程的大气环流对比分析

使用探空站实测资料、国家气象中心500 hPa位势高度和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,分析了中国西北和江南地区以及欧洲、印度发生的典型热浪过程及其形成热浪的大气环流系统。结果表明:西风带高压脊和副热带高压的同位相“南北叠加”(表明高压宽广)和低层高压与上层高压的同位相“上下叠加”(表明高压深厚),以及下沉运动和感热、潜热中心的分布,是中国西北和欧洲热浪形成的大气环流原因;而中国江南和印度的热浪,则与副热带高压的异常强大和夏季风活动有关。