广东南澳岛大型海藻龙须菜与浮游植物对营养盐的竞争利用

广东南澳岛近海是我国龙须菜养殖的重要基地。为了探究龙须菜养殖对藻华防治的贡献,分别于2016年3月、5月和6月在广东南澳岛北部海域不同养殖功能海区进行采样,研究龙须菜养殖前后海水中营养盐含量和结构的变化,分析不同粒径的浮游生物对有机营养盐的水解利用,探讨龙须菜养殖对浮游植物竞争利用营养盐和生长产生的影响。结果表明,研究海区水质较清洁,无机氮磷含量较低,春季至夏季,随着龙须菜和浮游植物生物量增加,溶解无机磷(dissolved inorganic phosphorus,DIP)浓度不断下降,至6月南澳海区成为磷限制海域。在5月龙须菜生长高峰期,龙须菜养殖区和龙须菜鲍鱼混养区的DIP浓度显著低于鲍鱼区和非养殖区,龙须菜养殖区的叶绿素a浓度明显低于其他区域,亮氨酸氨肽酶(leucine amino peptide,LAP)和碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,AP)活性显著升高,表明龙须菜养殖区浮游植物受到较为明显的营养胁迫。而龙须菜收割后,该养殖区的叶绿素a含量则显著上升,甚至高于其他区域。该结果表明在南澳岛海域,龙须菜养殖通过营养竞争关系(尤其是磷)抑制浮游植物的生长,大规模龙须菜养殖可能有助于抑制有害藻华的发生。     

国际公约下的海洋油气生产设施弃置及对我国的启示

文章针对我国关于海洋油气生产设施弃置的法律体系存在系统性、完整性和独立性不足的问题,通过概括总结相关国际公约和指南文件的主要内容,对包括国际公约、国内法律、行政法规、部门规章和其他规范等在内的我国海洋油气生产设施弃置法律体系进行分析,提出切实履行国际义务、提高海洋油气生产设施弃置规范的法律效力、建立系统独立的海洋油气生产设施弃置法律体系和将管理范畴扩展至全部海洋油气生产设施的启示和建议,为完善我国海洋油气生产设施弃置的法律体系提供参考。     

基于稳定性同位素的普里兹湾南极大磷虾不同发育阶段食性转变分析

As one of the most common and dominant species in the Southern Ocean, Antarctic krill(Euphausia superba)play a significant role in food web structure and the process of energy flow. The diet of Antarctic krill in the Prydz Bay during austral summer of 2012/2013 was investigated and the ontogenetic shift in krill diet was evaluated using the stable isotope method. The nitrogen stable isotope values(δ~(15) N) of adults((2.78±0.58)‰) were much higher than those of juveniles((1.69±0.70)‰), whereas the carbon stable isotope values(δ~(13) C) of adults(–(28.26±1.08)‰) were slightly lower than those of juveniles(–(27.48±1.35)‰). Particulate organic matter(POM)from 0, 25, and 50 m depth combined(0/25/50 m) represented phytoplankton food items. The results showed that phytoplankton food items in surface water and mesozooplankton were two essential food items for Antarctic krill in the Prydz Bay during summer. POM(0/25/50 m) contributes 56%–69% and 26%–34% to the diet of juvenile and adult krill, respectively, whereas mesozooplankton composes 13%–34% and 58%–71% of the diet of juvenile and adult krill, respectively. Thus, an ontogenetic diet shift from POM(0/25/50 m), which consists mainly of phytoplankton, to a higher trophic level diet containing mesozooplankton, was detected. The capacity for adults to consume more zooplankton food items may minimize their food competition with juveniles, which rely mostly on phytoplankton food items. This suggests "diet shift with ontogeny" which may somehow help krill keep their dietary energy budget balanced and well adapted to the Antarctic marine ecosystem as a dominant species.     

视频数据库技术在大洋资源调查中的应用研究

在我国近年的大洋科学考察中,深海摄像作业作为重要的可视化调查手段之一,在大洋结核、结壳、热液硫化物以及天然气水合物调查中发挥了重要作用,每年航次均取得近百小时的视像资料数据,海量的视频数据包含了大量的地质信息,如何管理获得的大量视像数据以及如何检索、分析、利用这些数据资源,直接关系到航次获得的视像数据在大洋资源评价中的意义和价值.文中从视像数据的特点出发,结合多媒体技术的开发特点,阐述了我国大洋摄像视频数据库的建立、实施技术方案,以达到与同行的技术沟通,提高我国视频数据库技术在大洋调查中的应用效果.     

Study on General Performance of Jack-up Under Elevated Condition

Method of checking for jack-up elevated performance including leg structure strength, fixation system or jacking system bearing capacity, pre-load requirements, spud can bearing capacity and overturning stability is suggested in this paper. As an example, a jack-up with truss legs is analyzed by finite element analysis method. This paper may be helpful to the rig owners, operators and designers.     

连云港近海海域水质的季节和年际变化

根据1992～2005年连云港近海海域水质监测资料,对该海域水质的季节变化和年际变化进行研究.结果表明,近海水质有明显的季节变化特征,其中盐度从春、夏季到秋季缓慢降低,冬季升高;溶解无机氮(DIN)与盐度恰恰相反,夏秋季最高且监测的超标率高.溶解氧季节性非常明显,依次为冬季>春季>秋季>夏季.总体上春冬季水质好于夏秋季.年际变化显示,1992～2005年pH和盐度均有降低趋势,尤其是2003年以后降幅更加明显;DO和COD年际变化相对平稳但季节变化幅度较大;2000年12月后油类浓度明显降低且年际变化平稳;近几年DIN有明显增加趋势,无机氮已成为该海域主要污染物.     

Temporal and spatial changes of dunes in the Changjiang (Yangtze) estuary,China

The response of subaqueous dunes to the variation of riverine sediment supply in an estuary is rarely reported. Five sets of field measurements of bed sediments and topography were made in the Changjiang estuary, China during dry and flood seasons for the past 9 years. Results show that dunes were mainly three-dimensional (3D) during flood seasons and two-dimensional (2D) dunes during dry seasons. Dunes were also much larger in flood seasons. Dunes mainly occurred within the main channels of the estuary although they extended 11.7 km seaward of their normal extent in the South Channel during dry seasons from 2002 to 2006. This extension of the dune field is likely due to a sharp decline of sediment discharge caused by large reservoirs such as Three Gorges.     

海州湾潮间带大型底栖动物的分布特征

于2002年6月对海州湾3种底质的潮间带底栖动物进行了采样分析.结果显示,该区被鉴定出的大型底栖动物共有98种,其中多毛类为13种、软体动物为53种、甲壳类为25种、棘皮动物为2种、其它类动物为5种,软体动物和甲壳类的种类可占80%;该区潮间带大型底栖动物的平均生物量和平均栖息密度分别为257.30 g/m2和953个/m2,软体动物生物量(201.19 g/m2)和栖息密度(727 个/m2)分别占总数的78%和76%.经底栖动物种类相似性聚类分析和多维尺度排序,可将该区潮间带大型底栖动物划分为岩礁、沙滩和泥沙滩3个群落.通过对3个底栖动物群落的生态特征及相关环境因子分析得出:对于种类,泥沙滩群落 > 岩礁群落 > 沙滩群落;对于生物量、息栖密度、多样性指数和均匀度指数,岩礁群落 > 泥沙滩群落 > 沙滩群落;泥沙滩群落中的TE断面优势种分布显著而使多样性指数和均匀度指数明显低于其它两条泥沙滩断面.沙滩群落和岩礁群落的底栖动物分布分别与海水浴场和货运码头较多的人为活动影响有关,而泥沙滩群落的分布差异主要与海岸开敞度、海流潮汐作用、滩涂贝类养殖及优势种分布影响有关.泥沙滩是该区经济贝类的重要养殖场所,为使养殖种类健康生长,建议对沿岸排污口水质及养殖区沉积物环境质量进行定期监测.     

涠洲岛潮滩表层沉积物中重金属的空间分布及其环境质量评价

根据2006年4月对涠洲岛潮滩表层沉积物的调查资料,分析了表层沉积物中重金属元素Hg、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、As的含量水平及空间分布特征,运用单因子评价法对其环境质量进行了评估,并通过相关性分析、因子分析探讨了几种重金属元素的物源.结果表明:涠洲岛潮滩环境质量状况良好,各元素均未达到污染水平,多数地区存在Cu的玷污,个别地区存在As的玷污;各分析元素较多的累积在人为活动相对频繁的XKZ、W05断面附近区域;Hg、Cu、Zn、Cr显著正相关,以环境背景来源为主,Pb、As较多的受到人为因素的影响.