The western part of the Ronda peridotite massif (Southern Spain) consists mainly of highly foliated spinel-peridotite tectonites and undeformed granular peridotites that are separated by a recrystallization front. The spinel tectonites are interpreted as volumes of ancient subcontinental lithospheric mantle and the granular peridotites as a portion of subcontinental lithospheric mantle that underwent partial melting and pervasive percolation of basaltic melts induced by Cenozoic asthenospheric upwelling. The Re–Os isotopic signature of sulfides from the granular domain and the recrystallization front mostly coincides with that of grains in the spinel tectonites. This indicates that the Re–Os radiometric system in sulfides was highly resistant to partial melting and percolation of melts induced by Cenozoic lithospheric thermal erosion. The Re–Os isotopic systematics of sulfides in the Ronda peridotites thus mostly conserve the geochemical memory of ancient magmatic events in the subcontinental lithospheric mantle. Os model ages record two Proterozoic melting episodes at ~1.6 to 1.8 and 1.2–1.4 Ga, respectively. The emplacement of the massif into the subcontinental lithospheric mantle probably coincided with one of these depletion events. A later metasomatic episode caused the precipitation of a new generation of sulfides at ~0.7 to 0.9 Ga. These Proterozoic Os model ages are consistent with results obtained for several mantle suites in Central/Western Europe and Northern Africa as well as with the Nd model ages of the continental crust of these regions. This suggests that the events recorded in mantle sulfides of the Ronda peridotites reflect different stages of generation of the continental crust in the ancient Gondwana supercontinent. 相似文献
We present a set of rotational lightcurve measurements of the small main belt Asteroid 3169 Ostro. Our observations reveal an unambiguous, double-peaked rotational lightcurve with a peak-to-peak variation up to 1.2±0.05 mag and a synodic period of 6.509±0.001 h. From the large flux variation and the overall shape of the lightcurves, we suggest that 3169 Ostro could be a tightly bound binary or a contact binary, similar to the Trojan Asteroid 624 Hektor. A shape model of this system is proposed on the assumption that 3169 Ostro is a Roche binary described by a pair of homogeneous elongated bodies, with a size ratio of 0.87, in hydrostatic equilibrium and in circular synchronous motion around each other. The direction of the spin axis is determined modulo 180° by its J2000 ecliptic coordinates λ0=50±10°, β0=±54±5°. The binary interpretation and the pole solution adequately fit the earlier photometric observations made in 1986 and 1988. However, additional supporting lightcurves are highly desirable especially in the next mutual events occurrence of 2008 and 2009 in order to remove the pole ambiguity and to confirm unambiguously the binary nature of 3169 Ostro. 相似文献
The argon solubility of 38 liquids in the system Na2O-CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 (NCMAS) has been determined at 1873 K and 1 bar, the argon concentration of presaturated glasses being measured using a static mass spectrometer. For compositions in the subsystem diopside (CaMgSi2O6), nepheline (NaAlSiO4), albite (NaAlSi3O8), anorthite (CaAl2Si2O8), argon solubility is generally a linear function of the relative proportion of each end member, solubility being lowest in diopside melt (1.53 10−5 cm3 STP · g−1 · bar−1) and highest in albite melt (2.88 10−4 cm3 STP · g−1 · bar−1). For the tectosilicate joins studied (SiO2-Na2Al2O4, SiO2-CaAl2O4, SiO2-MgAl2O4) solubility decreases with decreasing silica content in all cases, being highest for Na-bearing liquids and lowest for Mg-bearing liquids at constant molar silica content. Where comparison is possible our results are in good agreement with data from the literature. When our data are considered in isolation we find that argon solubility shows an excellent correlation with calculated ionic porosity. The covariation of argon solubility and liquid density is also reasonable, that with molar volume less convincing and that with polymerization state (as defined by the ratio of the number of nonbridging oxygens and tetrahedral network forming cations; NBO/T) nonexistent. However, when our data are combined with those from the literature no well constrained correlation between argon solubility and ionic porosity is apparent. Based upon this observation and consideration of the temperature dependence of noble gas solubility it is concluded that ionic porosity is not a universally applicable parameter which may be used to predict noble gas solubility as a function of composition, temperature and pressure. Two new models for calculating argon solubility are proposed, both employing the notion of partial molar argon solubilities. The first uses oxide components, for which partial molar argon solubility is directly proportional to partial molar ionic porosity calculated at 1873 K, irrespective of the temperature of experimental equilibration. The second model, which offers the best fit to the available data, employs tetrahedral units rather than oxides as the proposed melt components. This latter model successfully accounts for reported argon solubilities in simple Al-free systems, in simple Al-bearing systems and in natural liquids. This is interpreted to infer that argon is incorporated in large sites in the liquid structure (such as the space within rings of n-tetrahedra) although further work is required to understand the quantitative links between melt structure and noble gas solubility. 相似文献
Although Lanzhou is one of the most heavily polluted cities in China, the composition of its air pollutants have not yet been studied in detail. The data of four months on the concentrations and compositions of ions from daily air-filter samples in the winter and spring during 2007–2008 were analyzed to investigate temporal trends and their possible causes. The results indicate that mean concentrations of almost all the aerosol components are greater in winter than in spring due to stronger emissions in winter and weaker localized dispersion. Spring dust storms are the major cause of the highest peak PM10 concentrations recorded during the study period; however, these elevated levels were transient. Ion concentrations related to coal combustion show the greatest reduction from winter to spring, while the concentrations of strong crustal components show a less-pronounced reduction. Strong cycles in the levels of particulate matter (PM) and all ions are also observed during the winter months due to meteorological conditions. Depending on the season, nine different ions accounted for 20%–50% of the PM concentration. The particle size of polluting ions was constant at times of increasing PM concentrations (particularly during winter), whereas the particle size of crustal ions increased dramatically during spring dust storms. Local meteorological conditions (especially wind speed) have a strong influence on the levels of pollutants. Four dust storms were noted, including one during winter. In summary, the regional transport of desert dust from the Gobi can significantly affect air quality and the chemical composition of aerosols in Lanzhou. The dust storms can strongly increase concentration of crustal ions, which are characteristics of deserts in northwestern China. This observation is in agreement with back-trajectories, which show reduced levels of pollutant ions during dust storms. Data on nitrate:sulfate ratios indicate that stationary point sources are the main source of ions rather than mobile sources. 相似文献