浙江省1901—2017年降水序列构建及变化特征分析

基于通过均一性检验的历史观测资料和GPCC格点降水数据,采用逐步回归方法,构建了可以代表浙江省的1901—2017年年降水序列,并通过Morlet小波分析、MK检验、气候趋势等分析了浙江百年降水变化特征。结果表明：浙江68个台站1951—2017年月降水序列数据质量较好,均通过RHtest均一性检验。交叉检验表明,采用逐步回归方法区别台站资料长度建立的最优拟合方程组,能很好地反演浙江68个台站1901—2013年年降水情况。1901—2017年浙江省年降水量无明显线性变化趋势,但存在56 a和35 a两个变化主周期,在1960年前后全省降水由多雨期向少雨期突变。1901—2017年浙江降水气候倾向率呈东北高西南低的分布特征,各地数值分布在-15.6~19.1 mm/10a之间;平均相对变率呈北低南高的分布特征,各地数值分布在11.1%~20.2%之间。     

福建秋冬之交降水强度变化及其环流背景分析

以福建省为例,着眼气候上少雨的秋冬过渡期近年多雨涝事件的现象,分析了近55年降水强度演变特征,采用合成分析探讨了东亚季风主要环流系统及区域水汽、对流条件与福建秋冬之交降水强弱的联系机制。结果显示:(1)福建秋冬之交暴雨过程频数和整体降水强度都趋于增加,降水强度在2010年前后出现突变;(2)降水强(弱)年副高偏西(东)偏强(弱),东亚高纬环流较平直(经向度较大),东亚冬季风偏弱(强),冷空气主体偏北(南),有利(不利)于冷暖气流在福建的交汇;(3)降水强(弱)年福建上空西南(东北)水汽输送明显加强,垂直上升运动加强(减弱),水汽和对流条件均有利(不利)于强降水的发生。     

Treatment of groundwater contaminated with high levels of explosives using advanced oxidation processes

Current and former military installations around the world have numerous sites with groundwater contaminated with explosive compounds polluted from military related activities. The test influent used in this study was a groundwater collected from an US Army facility that was contaminated with high levels of military derived explosives. The sample had a total explosive concentration in excess of 75 mg/l. Bench-scale evaluations were performed to determine the effectiveness of the candidate advanced oxidation processes for treatment of the groundwater in terms of removing the pollutants to method sub-detection limits with these results formulating the basis for comparison along with generating data that can be used toward increasing the understanding of treatment mechanisms associated with the various processes. Results indicate that the ozonated systems generally resulted in the removal of the explosives to the targeted levels with 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene removal lagging in terms of removal due to its simultaneous formation and degradation. The oxidation system that was irradiated using the medium-pressure UV lamp and dosed with hydrogen peroxide and ozone achieved the best performance with complete removal of all targeted pollutants within 10 min of treatment.     

高光谱吸收特征参数反演草地光合有效辐射吸收率

在植被光合有效辐射吸收率(FAPAR)遥感估算中被广泛采用的植被指数法,其估算精度往往受到"红波段吸收峰"峰值点光谱反射率易饱和特征的影响。考虑到高光谱吸收特征参数能较好地诠释地物光谱吸收特征的细节信息,基于微分法与包络线去除法研发"高光谱曲线特征吸收峰自动识别法"识别对FAPAR敏感的特征吸收峰,再结合连续统去除法以及光谱吸收指数(SAI)提取FAPAR的高光谱吸收特征参数,构建估算天然草地冠层水平FAPAR的高光谱吸收特征参数模型。结果表明:(1)天然草地冠层FAPAR与高光谱吸收特征参数具有很好的相关性,其中,"红波段吸收峰"SAI对FAPAR变化最为敏感,在植被覆盖度较高时,其饱和性相比"红波段吸收峰"峰值点反射率与归一化植被(NDVI)值有较大的提升。(2)以"红波段吸收峰"SAI为变量的对数方程为FAPAR的最佳估算模型,在植被覆盖度处于中与高时,其FAPAR预测精度比NDVI模型有不同程度的提高。研究采用的高光谱吸收特征参数一定程度上弥补了部分植被指数因饱和问题在估算FAPAR时的不足,可作为植被FAPAR反演的新参数,适用于中、高覆盖度的天然草地FAPAR监测。     

粤北大宝山层状铜硫矿体中黄铁矿的 化学成分标型特征及其意义

大宝山铜多金属矿床位于广东省韶关市曲江区沙溪镇。该矿床位于钦杭成矿带中部南边缘处,南岭东西向构造带南侧,处于北东向的吴川-四会断裂带与大东山-桂东岩浆构造带交汇区域。矿区主要出露泥盆系棋子桥组灰岩和桂头群石英砂岩,侏罗系砂岩粉砂岩。矿体主要赋存在棋子桥组下段灰岩中。矿区出露次英安斑岩和花岗闪长斑岩两种岩体,次英安斑岩的锆石U-Pb年龄175.0±1.7Ma（王磊等,2010）,花岗闪长斑岩的锆石U-Pb年龄161.02±0.94Ma（毛伟等,2013）,笔者认为大宝山铜硫铅锌矿主要与次英安斑岩有关。矿体呈现似层状和透镜状,厚度和延伸长度不一。     

瓯江口树排沙湿地不同生境大型底栖动物群落多样性研究

为了解瓯江口树排沙湿地不同生境大型底栖动物群落多样性,于2014年10月至2015年6月对红树林、互花米草及光滩3种生境开展大型底栖动物调查。共鉴定出大型底栖动物48种,隶属于5纲15目31科40属。大型底栖动物年平均栖息密度和生物量,红树林生境最高,互花米草生境次之,光滩生境最低。采用物种多样性指数和G-F多样性指数分析不同生境大型底栖动物群落多样性,发现红树林生境大型底栖动物的多样性高于互花米草生境和光滩生境。单因素方差分析表明:物种数、栖息密度、生物量及物种多样性季节间差异不显著,而物种数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数与Margalef物种丰富度指数生境间差异显著。人工恢复红树林有助于提高大型底栖动物群落的多样性。     

浙江省极端气温事件年代际变化特征及城乡差异分析

采用百分位法确定了极端温度事件,通过t检验法、气候倾向率分析了极端温度事件的年代际及年际变化特征,基于核密度估计方法揭示了四季极端温度事件年代际变化特征及城乡差异。结果表明:极端高温和低温日数分别呈现以增加为主和以减少为主的变化特征,这种趋势随时间增强,东部沿海地区最显著。四季极端高温日数增多、强度增大,夏季增多最多、冬季最少,强度增大在春冬季最强。四季极端低温日数减少、强度减小,冬季减少最多,强度减小在春季最强。浙西地区极端温度事件的年际变率小于浙东地区,浙江城市地区四季极端高温强度更强、极端低温强度更弱。     

UKF的改进算法及其在伪卫星定位中的应用

首先介绍了伪卫星导航系统的观测方程和动力学模型方程。然后,分析了基于UT变换的UKF算法,针对该算法存在的问题,结合迭代滤波思想和抗差估计原理提出了一种新的抗差UKF算法。并与EKF和UKF算法进行了比较。计算结果表明,该算法不仅可以提高滤波器的精度,而且能够更有效地控制观测异常对导航解的影响,使导航解更能反映导航系统的真实情况。     

A pseudo‐force iterative method with separate scale factors for dynamic analysis of structures with non‐proportional damping

Dynamic equilibrium equations of structural systems with non‐proportional damping are coupled through the damping terms. Such coupling invalidates application of the classical modal superposition method. In this paper, a mode‐superposition pseudo‐force method is proposed. The coupled equilibrium equations are solved by an iterative process in which the coupling terms are treated as pseudo‐forces. A scale factor for each mode of the system is obtained by optimizing the iteration convergence. Through these uniquely solved scale factors, the modified modal equations not only converge much faster but also yield results with higher accuracy. A proof of the convergence of the iterative process is also presented. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A clear link connecting the troposphere and ionosphere: ionospheric reponses to the 2015 Typhoon Dujuan

The global navigation satellite system (GNSS) total electron content (TEC) sequences were used to capture the arrival time and location of the ionosphere disturbances in response to the 2015 Typhoon Dujuan. After removing the de-trended TEC variation, the clear ionosphere disturbances on the typhoon landing day could be distinguished, and these disturbances disappeared from the TEC sequences before and after the typhoon landing day. The foF2 data observed by Xiamen ionosonde station also show ionosphere disturbances. Based on the advantages of GNSS multi-point observations, the disturbances horizontal velocity in the ionosphere were estimated according to the linear theory for a dispersion relation of acoustic gravity waves (AGWs) in an isothermal atmosphere. The average horizontal velocity (\(\sim \)240 m/s) and the radial velocity (\(\sim \)287 m/s) were used in the two-dimensional grid search for the origin point on the Earth’s surface. The origin area was determined to be on the eastern side of Taiwan. Lastly, a possible physical mechanism is discussed in this study. When typhoons land on Taiwan, the severe convective storms and the drag effect from the Central Mountains create an ideal location for development of AGWs. Topographic conditions, like the high lapse rate, contribute to the formation of AGWs, which then propagates into the ionosphere altitude.