Research on the Tectonic Environment and Seismogenic Mechanism of the 1927 Gulang Great Earthquake with M=8.0

In this paper, we discussed the seismotectonic environment of the deep-seated and shallowcrust and seismological and geological model caused the 1927 Gulang great earthquake, basedon the recent research concerning about the active fault, surface rupture, fault planesolution, seismic activity, as well as the deep geophysical exploration data analysis in theepicentral area.The result shows that the 1927 Gulang great earthquake was caused by NE-SW-strikingcompressional thrusting. It was a latest event occurred in the reverse fault-folding belt thatdeveloped along the intracrustal decollement.     

南方红土的磁性矿物组成及其区域性差异

位于我国热带、亚热带地区的南方红土是我国分布最广的第四纪土状沉积,其经历了较强的化学风化作用,具有典型的磁性矿物组成.磁性矿物是沉积物的重要组成成分.磁性矿物的种类、粒度和含量等信息可以反映沉积物形成时的温度、降水等气候条件.因此,了解红土沉积物磁性矿物组成对于研究南方红土区的环境演化具有重要意义.本文综合分析了安徽室城、浙江长兴、江西九江及广西百色4个剖面不同层位红±样品的x-T曲线、三轴等温剩磁热退磁曲线等岩石磁学结果,发现南方红土的磁性矿物组成主要为磁铁矿、磁赤铁矿、赤铁矿及针铁矿,这些磁性矿物的相对含量不仅具有地带性差异,而且在不同风化阶段也存在差异.其中百色剖面顶部棕色土中磁赤铁矿含量相对其他剖面较高,与百色地区现今较强的风化作用相符.同一剖面内网纹红土中赤铁矿的含量较高,磁赤铁矿的含量相对较低,指示网纹化时期较强的成土作用引起磁赤铁矿向赤铁矿的转化.此外,岩石磁学结果显示百色剖面网纹红土及均质红土中含有一种特殊性质的磁性矿物,即粒度较细、解阻温度较低的成土成因赤铁矿,该矿物为后期强烈风化作用的产物.该次生矿物携带了较强的化学剩磁,引起了百色剖面初始碎屑剩磁的重磁化.该研究表明磁性矿物组成的差异还可以用来解释南方红土剩磁记录的多样性.     

Spatial spillover and the factors influencing public service supply in Sichuan province,China

This article examines the spatial characteristics of public service supply and the factors influencing such supply in cities of Sichuan Province, China using spatial-autocorrelation and spatial econometric models with statistical data in 2012. The results demonstrate that expenditures on different types of public services present different spatial autocorrelation patterns. Although the spatial differences in basic public service expenditures are relatively small, a clear fan-shaped spillover to the east can be seen in Chengdu City. Chengdu also shows high clustering of advanced public service expenditures, being a typical core-periphery pattern. Post-earthquake reconstruction expenditures are clustered in the ＂5.12 Wenchuan earthquake＂ region and spill over toward cities to the east. The efficiency of public services in the mountainous areas in western Sichuan is low and exhibits a pattern of low-low spatial autocorrelation. The efficiency of public service supply is affected by economic, social, political and geographical factors. Based on the results of this analysis, we recommend a supply strategy that incorporates different types of public services and a specialized public service supply strategy for mountainous areas. Overall public service efficiency should be enhanced by focusing on narrowing the gap in farmers＇ income among regions and accelerating urbanization. Decision-makers should consider moresupportive policies with regard to providing basic public services in mountainous areas to ensure an equalized supply of basic public services. To enhance the efficiency of advanced public service supply, additional growth pole should be encouraged and incentivized; however, investments are required to drive the development of the peripheral regions through regional economic integration. Both software and hardware types of infrastructure are required to supply services efficiently during post-disaster reconstruction.     

广西沿海地区大范围雾气候特征与天气形势分析

利用广西沿海地区7站多年的雾日、雾发生时间、雾维持时间及地面观测资料,统计分析该地区雾的气候特征。结果表明,该地区雾地理分布极不均匀;在多年雾日变化上,北海、防城和防港3站呈上升趋势,另4站则呈下降趋势;月际变化明显,12月至次年4月是雾的高发期;雾多发于6至12时且绝大部分雾的维持时间都在1h以上;雾最小能见度低至30m;总结了产生该地区大范围雾的五种天气形势,供短期预报参考。     

Sedimentary facies and model of shallow water carbonates platform of the Lower Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation in Sichuan Basin

Building the sedimentary model accurately and delineating the spatial-temporal distribution of grain bank are the keys to increase the rate of success in natural gas exploration. Thus,the types and characteristics of sedimentary facies of the Longwangmiao Formation in the Sichuan Basin were studied based on field outcrops,drilling,logging and seismic data. Taking a fourth-order sequence systems tract as a unit,the spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of sedimentary facies within the chronostratigraphic framework were precisely described,and the depositional model of the Longwangmiao Formation was established to reveal the development mechanisms of grain bank and point out the future natural gas exploration. The results showed that: (1)The typical shallow carbonate platform depositional system was developed in the Longwangmiao Formation of the Sichuan Basin and its surrounding areas. Mixed tidal flat,restricted platform(microfacies types including grain bank,dolomitic tidal flat,lagoon,and gypsum lagoon),open platform(microfacies types including grain bank,lime tidal flat),platform margin,and slope-basin were developed from the edge to the interior of the basin;(2)A sedimentary model was established,which was characterized by “one depression,two uplifts,and two grain banks in the form of belts”. The development of grain banks was mainly controlled by palaeo-topography and relative sea-level fluctuation. It was mainly developed in the highstand systems tract of a fourth-order sequence vertically,and distributed as a belt along the platform margin and around the lagoon area horizontally. Our paper pointed out the grain shoal deposits are the material basis for the development of high-quality reservoirs,the results thus provide a sedimentary geological basis for future natural gas exploration of the Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation in the Sichuan Basin.     

Spatial Variability of Nitrate and Ammonium in Pleistocene Aquifer of Central Yangtze River Basin

It becomes increasingly important and challenging for nitrogen pollution prevention to identify key controls for spatial variability of nitrogen in groundwater that could be affected by multiple factors, including anthropogenic input, groundwater flow, and local geochemistry. This study characterized spatial variability of both nitrate and ammonium in the Pleistocene aquifer of central Yangtze River Basin and assessed the effect of various factors in controlling nitrate and ammonium levels based on multiple statistical approaches (correlation, geostatistics, multiple liner regression). The results indicate that nitrate is mostly influenced by Cl⁻ that represents anthropogenic input, while Eh representing local redox state is a secondary variable influencing nitrate concentrations. The groundwater with elevated nitrate concentrations are estimated to occur mainly in areas with higher-permeability near-surface sediments which can facilitate more anthropogenic nitrate transport and less nitrate removal owing to more oxidized state. Ammonium is mostly correlated to Eh, followed by dissolved organic carbon (DOC), but only DOC improves significantly the accuracy of co-kriging prediction model. The groundwater with elevated ammonium concentrations are estimated to occur mainly in areas with more organic-rich sediments within or around the aquifer which can facilitate more ammonium release owing to natural organic matter consumption accompanying strong reducing conditions. The regional groundwater flow is not a factor significantly controlling nitrate or ammonium levels owing to flat topography and sluggish lateral flow.     

贵州龙里地区早石炭世杜内期铝土矿微地貌及其对铝土矿的控制作用*

贵州龙里地区发育早石炭世杜内期“丰源层”铝土矿。通过收集龙里地区地质钻孔资料,结合实测剖面和踏勘地质点资料,统计含铝岩系厚度、矿体厚度、品位、铝硅比数据,利用Surfer⁸.0成图软件,采用微地貌编图的方法,还原早石炭世杜内期含铝岩系古地貌,发现本区古喀斯特岩溶洼地2处,丰源层铝土矿产于水场—比孟—草原—高坡一带的古喀斯特岩溶洼地中。微地貌进一步研究表明,品位较高的碎屑状、豆鲕状铝土矿位于古喀斯特岩溶洼地的中心部位,品位较低的致密状铝土矿则分布于其中心和边缘。本区古地理研究表明,龙里地区早石炭世杜内期丰源层铝土矿的含矿岩系形成环境为海陆交互相,由北至南依次为发育陆相、古喀斯特岩溶洼地相和海相,古喀斯特岩溶洼相为丰源层铝土矿的形成提供了有利的沉积就位场所。     

辽东太子河流域晚石炭世刺毛类生长形态与礁体建造的研究

晚石炭世莫斯科期刺毛类(Chaetetids)是重要的造礁生物,在全球范围内广泛分布并建造礁体。中国已报道的刺毛类礁主要分布在辽东太子河流域,产在上石炭统本溪组海相灰岩中。刺毛类生长形态多样,有层状、板状、丘状、分枝状和柱状,主要以板状覆盖沉积物的方式造礁。研究区刺毛类礁中刺毛类生长形态及其所主导的生物群落在垂向上变化明显,由此将礁体的建造划分为三个阶段:(1)定殖阶段:刺毛类较少,生长方式单一,多以层状形态生长在棘屑滩上。层状刺毛类体积小,抗浪能力较弱,很难在其周围创造水流平缓的可供其他底栖生物生存的环境。因而该阶段群落生物种类单一,数量稀少;(2)繁盛阶段:刺毛类丰富,生长形态多样,以板状、分枝状和丘状为主。板状刺毛类单独形成的礁骨架,或与分枝状和丘状刺毛类组合起来的礁骨架,都能在其周围一定范围营造适宜底栖生物生存的环境,因此该阶段群落的生物多样性高;(3)衰退阶段:刺毛类很少,多为薄层状,断续生长在棘屑组成的基底上。薄层状刺毛类很脆弱,基本失去改善周围环境的能力,因此该阶段群落生物多样性很低。以上分析说明刺毛类生长形态的变化可以影响生物群落的组成和演化。生物群落的演化过程就是礁体建造的过程。从刺毛类生长形态的角度研究礁体建造过程,为分析由具有多种生长形态的造礁生物建造的生物礁的成礁机制提供新思路。     

GRAPES_MesoV4.0主要技术改进和预报效果检验

针对GRAPES_Meso V3.0存在的降水量偏大、模式运行不稳定、近地面温度预报偏差较大、可同化资料偏少以及分辨率偏低等问题,开展了多方面的改进工作:引入变分质量控制以及探空湿度的偏差订正,实现了GPS/PW资料、FY-2E云导风资料以及无线电掩星资料的同化应用,提高了模式分辨率,引入四阶水平扩散方案,调整了微物理参数化方案与动力框架的耦合方案,完善了地面辐射能量平衡方程以及优化了后处理雷达组合反射率因子的诊断方案,并集成所有改进成果形成新的业务化GRAPES_Meso V4.0。批量试验结果表明:GRAPES_Meso V4.0降水ETS评分普遍提高,同时预报偏差明显降低,月平均降水更接近实况,且能够较好地刻画雨带细节;2 m温度预报偏差有较为显著的改善,大部分地区24 h预报有1~2℃左右的降低,有些地区有3~5℃的降低;GRAPES_Meso V4.0对高度场、温度场和风场的改进效果比较显著,500 hPa的温度、风速、位势高度场的相关系数均有显著提高,850 hPa的均方根误差也明显降低,整体性能明显高于GRAPES_Meso V3.0。     

地层条件下储集岩物性参数特征及影响因素

本文论述了储集岩在地层条件下孔隙度、渗透率的特征以及与地表条件下孔隙度、渗透率的关系。据此，归纳、总结出地层条例下孔隙度、渗透率变化的影响因素。并指出、孔隙度、渗透率的降低幅度主要是在围限压力为２０ＭＰａ范围内；孔隙度降低的幅度远远小于渗透率的降低幅度；孔隙度、渗透率降低的幅度与岩石的粒度、孔隙类型、胶结物等因素有关。