A multi-generation Schmakeria poplesia culturing system for use in ecotoxicological study

Crustacean zooplankton form the keystone link between primary producers and fish stocks in marine and estuary ecosystems. We have established a multi-generation cultivation system for zooplankton with which future experiments on the biological effects of pollutants in marine and estuary environments can be better performed. A population of calanoid copepod, Schmakeria poplesia, was collected in December 2003 and maintained in a static system through all stages (eggs to adults). The population exhibited an average developmental time of 13.6 d in conditions corresponding to the natural environment (water temperature 20°C, salinity 15). A series of experiments were performed to examine copepod egg production and hatching success as functions of food type and feeding concentration. Results in our study showed that Isochrysis galbana was more favored for the reproduction of copepods than Phaeodactylum tricornutum, and 10×10⁴cells mL⁻¹ was the most practical algae concentration. We have demonstrated that the Schmakeria poplesia population can be maintained in the laboratory through multiple generations. In addition, methods to control egg production through changes in food concentration have been established, making it feasible to control the start date of exposure experiments or the timing of the collection of offspring to initiate a new generation.     

基于可编程GPU的遥感影像快速处理研究

自然灾害发生后,由于救灾的紧迫性,应急测绘保障要求我们第一时间提供处理后的灾区影像,但是现阶段我们仅能做到原始影像的快速获取,无法有效地快速处理遥感影像。本文研究了图形处理器(GPU)的并行可编程性和CUDA编程模型特征,通过对遥感影像正射纠正,快速傅里叶变换(FFT)和高斯差分算法的CUDA编程设计,在GPU上实现这三种算法的快速并行处理,并与CPU结果对比,证明GPU能够在数据精度和CPU保持一致的基础上大幅缩短遥感影像处理时间,加速比可以达到一个数量级。     

Variation of reference evapotranspiration and its contributing climatic factors in the Poyang Lake catchment,China

By using linear regression (parametric), Mann–Kendall (nonparametric) and attribution analysis methods, this study systematically analysed the changing properties of reference evapotranspiration (ETr) calculated using the Penman–Monteith method over the Poyang Lake catchment during 1960–2008 and investigated the contribution of major climatic variables to ETr changes and their temporal evolution. Generally, a significant decreasing trend of annual ETr is found in the catchment. The decrease of annual ETr in the Poyang Lake basin is mostly affected by the decline of summer ETr. Over the study period, climatic variables, i.e. sunshine duration (SD), relative humidity (RH), wind speed (WS) and vapour pressure all showed decreasing trends, whereas mean daily temperature (DT) increased significantly. Multivariate regression analysis indicated that SD is the most sensitive climatic variable to the variability of ETr on annual basis, followed by RH, WS and DT, whereas the effect of vapour pressure is obscure. Although recent warming trend and decrease of relative humidity over the catchment could have increased ETr, the combined effect of shortened SD and reduced WS negated the effect and caused significant decrease of ETr. Our investigation reveals that the relative contributions of climatic variables to ETr are temporally unstable and vary considerably with large fluctuation. In consideration of the changes of climatic variables over time, further analysis indicated that changes of mean annual ETr in 1970–2008 were primarily affected by SD followed by WS, RH and DT with reference to 1960s. However, WS became the predominant factor during the period 2000–2008 compared with reference period 1960s, and followed by SD. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

山西省刁泉银矿床微量元素地球化学特征研究

本文根据区域地层、岩浆岩、构造中微量元素分布特征,水系沉积物地球化学异常,微量元素在矿区各地质体中的分布特征,垂向、水平分带特征,元素的相关性及因子分析,元素在成矿作用过程中的地球化学行为,结合地质特征,提出刁泉银矿外围找矿的水系沉积物指示元素组合和原生晕指示元素组合,划分了刁泉银矿床微量元素的垂向和水平分带序列,并以矿床的成因、物质来源有所指示。     

黄原酯棉富集分离火焰和无火焰原子吸收法测定地质样品中的金

本文报道了采用黄原酯棉(CCX)在煮沸过的王水介质中富集分离金的研究。确定了CCX吸附金的最佳条件和解脱金的方法,并拟定了应用火焰和无火焰原子吸收测定金的方法。本法简单快速、选择性好、准确度高。方法的灵敏度为:火焰法:2μg、无火焰法:5ng。经样品验证,结果满意。     

鄱阳湖洪泛系统淹没动态时空异质性特征及驱动机制

摘 要：因鄱阳湖主湖区与毗邻碟形湖区之间存在季节性动态的连通条件,导致了主湖区和碟形湖区水体淹没状况的非一致性,这种差异造就了两者不同的生境特点。基于ESTARFM（Enhanced Spatial and Temporal Adaptive reflection fusion model）模型,通过重构2000-2020年鄱阳湖区连续的高时空分辨率水体淹没数据,分析了鄱阳湖洪泛系统淹没动态的时空变化特征及其驱动因素。研究发现,近20年来鄱阳湖洪泛系统主湖区与碟形湖区水体淹没面积多年平均值分别为1239 km2和407 km2。受湖泊淹水自然过程和人为干扰的影响,碟形湖的淹水动态在涨水期（3月）和退水期（10月）与主湖区存在明显差异。在空间上,鄱阳湖的淹没频率总体上呈“北高南低”的分布格局,主湖区和碟形湖区水体淹没频率分别为58%和36%。研究时段内,鄱阳湖洪泛系统水体淹没面积与淹没频率整体上呈减小趋势,但碟形湖区内二者均呈微弱的上升趋势。近年来,鄱阳湖流域入湖流量的增加是导致碟形湖区水体淹没面积和淹没频率呈现增加趋势的主要原因,而主湖区水体淹没面积和淹没频率的下降主要归因于长江中上游来水减少、三峡工程运行引起的长江中下游河床降低、以及鄱阳湖区大规模采砂活动引起的入江水道下切侵蚀等综合作用造成的湖泊泄流能力的增大。研究结果对于深化湖泊洪泛系统水文复杂性的认识、促进洪泛湿地系统的管理实践具有重要的科学意义。     

青海治多地区晚三叠世石英闪长岩地球化学特征及成岩动力学背景

对羌塘地块东北缘甘孜-理塘缝合带南侧日啊日曲石英闪长岩进行了系统的锆石U-Pb年龄、主量-微量元素及Sr-Nd同位素分析, 以探讨其岩石成因及地球动力学意义.LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果表明, 石英闪长岩侵位年龄为218±1 Ma, 为晚三叠世岩浆活动的产物.岩石SiO₂含量介于53.02%~62.06%之间, 富Al₂O₃(15.84%~17.00%)和CaO(6.71%~8.94%), 贫TiO₂(0.49%~1.01%)和P₂O₅(0.04%~0.12%), 具有较高的MgO(3.31%~5.66%)和Mg#(50~62), 属准铝质钙碱性系列; 岩体稀土元素总量较低(38.05×10-6~61.58×10-6), 轻重稀土分馏不明显, LILE富集, HFSE亏损, 具有含量较高的Cr(33.45×10-6~176.64×10-6)和Ni(13.34×10-6~43.62×10-6).全岩(87Sr/86Sr)_i比值较为一致(0.706 8~0.707 9), ε_Nd(t)变化于-5.5~-1.6.主微量元素及同位素结果表明日啊日曲石英闪长岩具有高镁闪长岩的特征, 与赞岐岩地球化学特征类似, 为俯冲沉积物来源的熔体交代岩石圈地幔形成的尖晶石相金云母二辉橄榄岩低度(10%~15%)部分熔融的产物, 岩浆演化过程中经历了辉石、角闪石等矿物的分离结晶.微量元素构造判别图解表明岩石为俯冲环境下的弧岩浆岩, 结合区内蛇绿岩、研究区南部陆缘弧火山岩和义敦岛弧埃达克岩的发现, 认为古特提斯洋在晚三叠世时期可能仍处于消减状态, 日啊日曲高镁石英闪长岩形成于甘孜-理塘洋南西向俯冲过程中.      

乌海市空气污染浓度的时间分布特征分析

利用2005—2007年乌海市区大气中SO2、NO2、PM10浓度的实测数据,分析了乌海市大气污染物的时间分布特征,分析结果表明:乌海市首要污染物是PM10,其次是SO2;从2005—2007年日平均值看:SO2、PM10呈下降趋势,NO2略呈上升趋势。SO2、NO2、PM10的浓度都有明显的季节变化。