基于改进型垂直干旱指数的塔里木河流域绿洲与荒漠区干旱时空变化对比

利用2001-2013年8天合成MODIS A1时间序列数据计算改进型垂直干旱指数（MPDI）,应用趋势性分析、重标极差（R/S）分析等方法研究了塔里木河流域绿洲与荒漠区干旱时空变化状况及其可能原因。结果表明：在过去13年,塔里木河流域绿洲与荒漠区总体呈湿润趋势,绿洲稳中转湿,湿润趋势较明显且幅度较大;而荒漠区相对稳定,湿润趋势相对较小。绿洲与荒漠大部分地区未来变化趋势与过去13年变化趋势呈现较高的一致性。塔里木河干流上游、中游部分地区、尉犁县部分灌区等区域出现持续性干旱迹象,应引起相关管理部门的重视。     

中国软沉积物变形构造及地震岩研究简评①

近30年(1987—2016)来,中国的软沉积物变形构造、地震岩、震积岩及古地震研究,取得了很大的进展和成绩。但是,在国内中文期刊中已发表的约140篇文章和已出版的一些专著中,几乎都把具软沉积物变形构造的岩层当作地震岩。可喜的是,中国石油大学(华东)的老师们和学生们,对山东青岛灵山岛下白垩统中的软沉积物变形构造的研究,却有多种不同的观点,呈现出了一种活跃的学术气氛。笔者等的看法是: (1)软沉积物变形构造是一种沉积构造,它有多种成因,它是一个很好的沉积学和地质学术语,应继续地和更广泛地使用下去。(2)地震岩是专指由地震引起的具软沉积物变形构造的岩层,它是具多成因的软沉积物变形构造的岩层的一种,不能把所有的具软沉积构造的岩层都当作地震岩。有的地质学家建议废弃地震岩这一术语。(3)震积岩是“seismites”(地震岩)的误译,不宜再继续使用。(4)由于地震岩和震积岩这两个术语在国内外已使用多年,要废弃它们或不再继续使用它们,应得到国内外的多数地质学家的同意才行。     

Assessing spatio-temporal characteristics of water storage changes in the mountainous areas of Central Asia based on GRACE

The mountainous areas of Central Asia provide substantial water resources, and studying change in water storage and the impacts of precipitation and snow cover in the mountain ranges of Central Asia is of the greatest importance for understanding regional water shortages and the main factors. Data from the GRACE(Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) satellites, precipitation products and snow-covered area data were used to analyze the spatio-temporal characteristics of water storage changes and the effects of precipitation and snow cover from April 2002 to December 2013. The results were computed for each mountain ranges, and the following conclusions were drawn. The water storage in the mountainous areas of Central Asia as a whole increases in summer and winter, whereas it decreases in autumn. The water storage is affected by precipitation to some extent and some areas exhibit hysteresis. The area of positive water storage changes moves from west to east over the course of the year. The water storage declined during the period 2002–2004. It then returned to a higher level in 2005–2006 and featured lower levels in 2007–2009 Subsequently, the water storage increased gradually from 2010 to 2013. The Eastern Tianshan Mountains and Western Tianshan Mountain subzones examined in this study display similar tendencies, and the trends observed in the Karakorum Mountains and the Kunlun Mountains are also similar. However, the Eastern Tianshan Mountains and Western Tianshan Mountains were influenced by precipitation to a greater degree than the latter two ranges. The water storage in Qilian Mountains showed a pronounced increasing trend, and this range is the most strongly affected by precipitation. Based on an analysis of all investigated subzones, precipitation has the greatest influence on total water storage relative to the snow covered area in some areas of Central Asia. The results obtained from this study will be of value for scientists studying the mechanisms that influence changes in water storage in Central Asia.     

沾化凹陷渤南洼陷沙一段湖相富有机质烃源岩岩石学与孔隙结构特征:以罗63井和义21井取心段为例

以沾化凹陷渤南洼陷罗63井和义21井沙一段取心段为例,依据研究样品的热解、全岩与黏土矿物X射线衍射、有机岩石学、孔隙度、氩离子抛光+扫描电镜以及微孔隙结构等分析结果,开展了沙一段湖相富有机质烃源岩岩石学与孔隙结构特征研究,结果表明：罗63井和义21井沙一段取心段富有机质烃源岩主要由碳酸盐矿物、黏土矿物和石英组成,另含少量长石、黄铁矿和石膏,其中黏土矿物主要由伊/蒙混层、伊利石组成,由取心段顶部至底部,碳酸盐矿物质量分数明显增高,而黏土矿物和石英则显著降低,呈现由钙质或灰质泥岩至演变为泥质灰岩的特征,岩石构造类型包括层状、纹层状和块状3类;罗63井和义21井沙一段取心段富有机质烃源岩平均孔隙度分别为2.09%和4.43%,具纹层状构造的烃源岩具有相对高的孔隙度;主要发育矿物基质孔隙（即粒间孔隙和粒内孔隙）和裂缝型孔隙两大类,而有机质孔隙不发育,孔隙半径从十几微米至几纳米的孔隙均有分布,以发育孔径50 nm以上的宏孔为主。     

An anthropogenic landslide dammed the Songmai River,a tributary of the Jinsha River in Southwestern China

On March 20, 2019, a landslide (named Yagu landslide) occurred in eastern Tibetan Plateau. It produced a 10-m-high dam, resulting in a lake on the Songmai River, a tributary of the Jinsha River. This paper describes this slope failure and analyzes the process and cause of the landsliding based on the combination of Google Earth images, PlanetScope satellite optical images, field photography and geologic data. It is speculated that this event was likely induced by local human activity, such as quarrying rather than natural factors. This example raises a challenging issue whether the ongoing projects along the Jinsha River can induce landslides. In addition, the emergency responses of the government and the effort for risk removal of the dammed lake are presented.

     

中新元古界原生白云岩: 以中国典型台地区为例*

基于对中国塔里木盆地新元古界上震旦统奇格布拉克组、四川盆地新元古界上震旦统灯影组以及华北盆地中元古界蓟县系雾迷山组野外露头及钻井岩心白云岩的系统观察,发现中国典型台地区中新元古界中厚层至块状白云岩异常发育,其中泥(粉)晶白云岩占岩层总厚度86%~97%,且大多为厚层至块状。这些中厚层至块状泥(粉)晶白云岩,无论是否含藻类与菌类等微生物,次生交代作用基本都不发育。沉积古地理特征分析结果表明: (1)中新元古界的白云岩几乎覆盖整个海盆,广泛沉积于潮上带、潮间带以及潮下的开阔或局限台地环境;(2)白云岩的亚类在平面上受古基底隆凹格局控制,低凹部位以泥晶白云岩为主,高部位以颗粒泥晶白云岩或丘状叠层石泥晶白云岩为主;(3)白云岩台地中发育较深水台盆。地震剖面显示,这些台盆的形成受控于中新元古代的同生深大断裂活动,大断裂可将深部的Mg²⁺通过热液输入到碳酸盐岩台地中,使得海水中的Mg²⁺浓度增加。地球化学分析结果与古气候特征指示,不同晶粒结构的白云岩,即泥晶白云岩与少量的粉晶及细晶白云岩,其碳氧同位素比值没有明显分异,整体上与全球中新元古代海水背景值吻合,表明粉晶及粉细晶白云岩与泥晶白云岩同为沉积成因,其结构加粗乃原生泥晶白云石晶粒重结晶自生加大而成,并非次生交代成因,即这些少量发育的粉晶—细晶白云岩与主体的泥晶白云岩为同一成因机制。整合岩石学、沉积环境及地球化学等分析结果,认为中国典型台地区中新元古界的白云岩乃较典型的原生沉积成因。     

Attribution of the Langshan Tectonic Belt: Evidence from zircon U-Pb ages and Hf isotope compositions

This study describes a previously unidentified Neoproterozoic mafic dyke emplaced in the northern flank of the Langshan Tectonic Belt. This dyke intruded into the micaquartz schist of the Zhaertaishan Group, and yielded an age of 908 ± 8 Ma. The youngest U-Pb ages of micaquartz schist from the Zhaertaishan Group in the Langshan area were 1118 ± 33 Ma,1187 ± 3 Ma and 1189 ± 39 Ma,suggesting that the depositional age of the protolith of the schist was between 908 ± 8 Ma and 1118 ± 33 Ma. In addition, 436 U-Pb age data and 155 Lu-Hf isotopic data from six samples in the Langshan Tectonic Belt and one Permian greywacke from the Wuhai area show distinct differences between the northern and southern flanks of the Main Langshan area. The U-Pb ages of the northern flank are primarily Meso-Neoproterozoic; similar ages have not been identified in the southern flank to date.Moreover, two-stage Hf model ages of the northern flank feature three age peaks at ～900 Ma,～1700 Ma and ～2600 Ma; this differs from Hf model ages of the southern flank, which feature one strong age peak at ～2700 Ma. These results suggest that the northern and southern flanks of the Main Langshan area have different geochronologic characteristics and should be divided further. Based on the U-Pb ages and Hf model ages, the northern and southern flanks of the Main Langshan area are named the North and South Langshan Tectonic Belts. Comparison of the U-Pb age and two-stage Hf model age distributions from the North Langshan Tectonic Belt, South Langshan Tectonic Belt, Alxa Block and the North China Craton(NCC) reveal that the North Langshan Tectonic Belt is similar to the Alxa Block and that the South Langshan Tectonic Belt is similar to the NCC. In addition, the zircon U-Pb age of 860 ±7 Ma commonly observed in the Alxa Block was detected in the Permian greywacke from the Wuhai area of the NCC, which suggests that the amalgamation of the North and South Langshan Tectonic belts(i.e.,the amalgamation of the Alxa Block and the NCC), occurred between Devonian and late Permian.     

Evaluating the contribution of satellite measurements to the re-construction of three-dimensional ocean temperature fields in combination with Argo profiles

Assimilation systems absorb both satellite measurements and Argo observations. This assimilation is essential to diagnose and evaluate the contribution from each type of data to the reconstructed analysis, allowing for better configuration of assimilation parameters. To achieve this, two comparative reconstruction schemes were designed under the optimal interpolation framework. Using a static scheme, an in situ-only field of ocean temperature was derived by correcting climatology with only Argo ...     

A possible satellite of 9 Metis

We attempted by means of photographic observations to search for satellites of asteroids in 1979 and 1980. An elongation of the image of 9 Metis has been detected on plates taken during 6 nights. The data suggest that there is a possible satellite with an orbital period of approximately 4.61 days and a mean distance of approximately 1100 km. We tabulate orbital parameters as well as predicted and observed position angles. A comparison with the secondary occultation results taken on 11.35 December 1979 is discussed.     

中国早奥陶世岩相古地理

本文是中国早、中和晚寒武世岩相古地理诸文的继续[1-3]。在笔者等的华北地区、华南地区和西北地区寒武纪和奥陶纪定量岩相古地理研究及编图成果的基础上,结合其他地区的地质资料,编制出了中国早奥陶世早期和晚期岩相古地理图两幅,并撰写出本文。在华北地区,作图单位分早奥陶世早期和晚期,以冶里期和马家沟二期分别代表其早期和晚期。在华南地区,作图单位亦分早奥陶世早期和晚期,以新厂期和宁国期分别代表其早期和晚期。在西北地区和其他地区,作图单位均为早奥陶世,不分早期和晚期。华北地区、华南地区和西北地区研究程度较高,其岩相古地理图和相应的文字论述都是定量的和比较详细的。其他地区的研究程度较低,其岩相古地理图和文字论文都是定性的或概略性的。定量,即每个古地理单元的划分都有确切的定量资料和定量图件为依据。这种定量的岩相古地理图对石油、天然气以及其他矿产的预测和勘探最有用处。中国早奥陶世岩相古地理的基本格局仍和寒武纪各世的一样,是两槽和三台相间分布。两槽即天山北山蒙辽吉槽地和昆仑秦岭槽地,三台即准噶尔蒙兴台地、塔里木柴达木华北台地和西藏华南台地。这些古地理单元及其次级古地理单元的范围和特征,有些与晚寒武世或中及早寒武世的相同或基本上相同,有些则大不相同,这是由早奥陶世的大范围的海侵决定的。