华北强地震余震震群应力场“窗口”效应

本文研究了华北最近地震活动期的三次强地震(邢台、海城、唐山)的余震序列,从实际观测资料与国内外的一些实验结果,提出余震震群的出现是在区域应力场增强的背景下余震区应力加强的效应。强震余震震群的起伏,可以作为监视华北地区中强以上地震孕育的“窗口”。文中以“多点场”观点讨论了余震震群与中强以土地震关系,认为强震与中强震在区域应力场中是处于支配与被支配的不同地位。     

台风路径预报套网格模式的试验

为了提高差分模式的分辨率,以改进台风路径预报。本文提出了原始方程模式的两种嵌套网格方案。试验表明,所提异模式嵌套网格交界域变量的衔接、协调处理是有效的;以轴对称正态分布模拟台风环流对于合风路径数值预报是适宜的。个例计算及1980年试用结果表明,套网格方案对路径预报有不同程度改进。     

The foreshock sequence of haicheng earthquake and earthquake swarm—the use of foreshock sequences in earthquake prediction

We have compared the Haicheng foreshock sequence with several earthquake swarms which occurred in its neighborhood. The spatial distribution of the earthquakes is relatively concentrated. For the most part, the events occurred within a few kilometers of each other. The focal mechanisms are comparatively stable. However, there are several swarms in which the variations of focal mechanisms are quite obvious after the occurrence of the largest event of the sequence, which would allow it to be recognized as a swarm. However, there are also swarms whose focal mechanisms are no less stable throughout the sequence compared to the Haicheng foreshock sequence. This feature could thus not be used to identify a foreshock sequence. The temporal distributions of foreshocks and swarms are quite similar in some cases. This is again not a definite criterion for identifying foreshocks, but is worthy of further study. Thus, no definite criterion for identifying foreshock sequences has been found. However, some earthquake swarms may be recognized in their later stage.Finally, we introduced a magnitude sequence with gaps which can be used to see whether a large event is still forthcoming. This method (in conjunction with other methods) could be used in areas prone to large earthquakes, immediately before a large event, to improve the probability of predicting the occurrence of a large event. We also report that the temporal distribution of all the sequences showed a 12-hour recurrence pattern that corresponded with the earth tides, indicating that tidal forces might be influencing foreshocks and earthquake swarm occurrence.     

江苏溧阳平桥脉型膨润土

近年来,江苏南部发现了许多膨润土矿,矿点广布于镇江地区的溧阳、溧水、丹徒、句容及南京市郊的江宁县。其中多数矿点是由中生代陆相火山沉积岩系蚀变形成,呈层状、似层状产出,唯溧阳平桥膨润土是由花岗斑岩等超浅成侵入岩经热液蚀变形成,呈脉状产出,产状罕见。此类矿床质地纯净,是一种新型的优质膨润土矿。本文对溧阳平桥脉型膨润土进行了矿物学研究。     

The stability of Foundation Rock in Gezhouba Project

The results of the stability study of dam foundation , including the effects of ground stresses on the stability of base masses and long-term stability and strength of weak intercalations , especially of clayey ones, are presented. It is proved that the considerable tectonic stresses exist even in red rock layers with slight folds and a gentle terrain and that the stability of masses are directly affected by local stress relief. It is found that sedimentary rock behaves like rheology. A method of deter-mining long-term strength of rheological rock is suggested.     

强震地面运动的超随机特性研究

简述了几种常用的地震动平稳随机模型，这几种地震动平稳随机模型的功率谱是一组光滑的函数，相应的自相关函数基本上是指数衰减的振荡函数，且很快衰减到零；但是真实地震动的归一化自相关函数则有一较显著的随机噪声项，这个随机噪声的幅值为0．15左右，这就是本文中所说的超随机特性。目前常用的地震动平稳随机模型没有考虑这个随机噪声项及其对结构反应的影响。本文将真实地震动的自相关函数分解为一确定性函数和一随机噪声的叠加，并对自相关函数中的噪声部分进行了分析，得出两条重要性质。本文的研究结果表明地震动加速度时程的平方和(SS)比峰值加速度(PGA)更好地量度了地震地面运动强度。由于归一化自相关函数的随机噪声部分所对应的功率谱的随机波动成分对频率的积分为零，即归一化自相关函数的噪声部分对地震动总功率或平方和的贡献为零，因此自相关函数的随机噪声项对地震动的幅值影响不大，但自相关函数的随机噪声项明显改变了地震动功率谱在频域上的分布特征，因此会对结构反应产生一定的影响。由于篇幅所限详细内容将在下一篇文章中作进一步探讨。     

多维地震动各方向相关性对拱坝动应力的影响

本文将随机振动的虚拟激励法与拱坝-地基动力相互作用FE-BE-IBE时域模型结合，发展了一个可以考虑多维随机地震动作用下的拱坝动力响应计算模型，并用Monte Garlo方法对模型进行了验证，计算结果表明，地震动分量的相关性对结构的动力响应存在一定影响，合理考虑地震动各方向分量的相关性可以更好地计算实际地震作用下的拱坝动力响应。     

对GPS接收机测试评估的探讨

随着GPS的广泛应用和GPS产业的迅速发展，GPS厂家众多，生产的接收机类型更是数以百计，整个GPS接收机市场可以说是鱼目混珠，识别困难；大多数购买者只能听信厂家的技术指标，如何对GPS接收机的性能进行测试评估的意义显得很重要，本文基于此对GPS接收机测试评估展开探讨和研究。     

Structural style and deformation mechanism of the southern Dabashan foreland fold-and-thrust belt, central China

The Daba Mountains define the southern margin of the East Qinling orogenic belt, and form the boundary of the Sichuan basin in the north and northeast. The Daba Mountains can be divided into two structural belts by the NW-striking Chengkou fault, namely the northern Dabashan thrust-nappe belt and the southern Dabashan foreland fold-and-thrust belt. The southern Dabashan fold-and-thrust belt is a southwestward extruding thin-skinned thrust wedge, showing obvious belted change in deformation style and deformation intensity along the dip direction, and can be divided further into three sub-belts, i.e. the imbricate thrust sub-belt characterized by imbricate stepped-thrust sheets, the thrust-fold sub-belt characterized by the combination of the equally-developed thrusts and related folds, and the detachment-fold sub-belt characterized by box folds and closed overturned-isoclinal folds on the outcrops. Several kinds of structures have been recognized or inferred, including imbricate thrust system, passive-roof duplex (triangle zone), fault-related folds, back-thrust system and pop-up structure. The NE-SW compressive stress from the Qinling orogenic belt and detachment layers in the covering strata are the two most important determinants of deformation style. After the collision between the North China block and Yangtze block at the end of the Middle Triassic, the northward intracontinental subduction along the southern edge of the Qinling orogenic belt was initiated, which led to the corresponding southward thrusting in the upper crust. The thrusting propagated towards the foreland through the Jurassic and extended to the southernmost part of the southern Daba Mountains around the end of the Early Cretaceous, with thrusting deformation to be preferentially developed along major detachment layers and progressing upwards from the Lower Sinian through the Lower Cambrian and Silurian to Middle-Lower Triassic. Translated from Geotectonica et Metallogenia, 2006, 30(3): 294–304 [译自: 大地构造与成矿学]     

腾格里地区盐湖的盐类沉积特征

腾格里沙漠122个盐湖分为石盐、石盐-芒硝、石盐-白钠镁矾及芒硝(石膏)4种类型。盐湖含盐系厚度一般4～9m,总体呈现下部为含盐碎屑沉积,上部以盐类沉积为主,构成储卤层,卤水赋存其中,由湖岸至湖心储卤层厚度增长。含卤层理渐小,卤水含KCl渐高。盐湖中矿物主要为碳酸盐矿物,以芒硝、石膏为主的硫酸盐矿物、石盐以及粘土矿物。盐湖卤水以晶间卤水为主。许多卤水含K+大于2g/L。K+含量最高的红盐池,平均含量达19.14g/L。对钾矿而言,在盐湖分布相对集中地区,有一定的综合开发利用前景。