平潭和漳州深成杂岩中斜长石捕虏晶与岩浆混合作用

在闽东南平潭和漳州火成杂岩中,广泛发育岩浆混合现象,表现为花岗质岩石中存在辉长－闪长质同深成岩墙和淬冷岩石包体。花岗质和闪长质岩石中普遍存在Ａｎ＞７０％的斜长石捕虏晶。这种成分的斜长石是辉长岩特有的,而不是任一种花岗岩的斑晶。在斜长石捕虏晶四周,都有与花岗岩中的斜长石成分相当的斜长石加生膜。斜长石捕虏晶可分为自形的、熔融状、筛孔状和碎片状等四类,它们各自形成于不同的动力环境     

钻孔灌注桩孔径扩大与塌孔的预防措施

为保证桩基础工质量，节省灌注砼费用，采取了一系列相应措施预防孔径扩大和塌孔。着重介绍了有关预防措施和技术经济效果。     

基于灰色关联度模型的区域滑坡敏感性评价

数理统计和机器学习模型如支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)等,在区域滑坡敏感性评价中得到广泛的应用.但这些模型的建模过程往往较复杂,如在对机器学习进行训练和测试时难以选取合理的非滑坡栅格单元,而且有较多的模型参数需要确定.为提高滑坡敏感性评价建模的效率和精度,提出基于灰色关联度的敏感性评价模型.灰色关联度模型能有效计算各比较样本与参考样本之间的定量的关联度,具有建模过程简洁和评价精度高的优点,该模型目前在区域滑坡敏感性评价中的应用还没有引起研究人员的足够关注且有待进一步拓展.拟将灰色关联度模型用于浙江省飞云江流域南田—雅梅图幅(南田地区)的滑坡敏感性评价,并将得到的评价结果与SVM模型的敏感性评价结果作对比分析.结果显示,灰色关联度模型在高和极高敏感区的滑坡预测精度优于SVM模型,而在中等敏感区的滑坡预测精度略低于SVM模型;整体而言,灰色关联度模型对整个南田地区滑坡敏感性分布的预测精度略高于SVM模型.对两个模型建模过程的对比结果显示,灰色关联度模型建模较简单,具有比SVM模型更高的建模效率,为滑坡敏感性评价提供了一种新思路.     

冀北麻粒岩系变质峰期水活度、氧逸度及其化学位变化--以太平寨-娄子山地区为例

脱水反应的热力学计算确定本区太古宙麻粒岩系变质峰期水活度很低,太平寨地区富铝片麻岩和紫苏黑云片麻岩麻粒岩中aH 2O值一般均在0.10～0.20之间,娄子山地区相对稍高,一般为0.15～0.25.全区峰期氧逸度lgfO2在-8～-14之间.(μH2O/XBt Mg)和(μO2/XBtMg)系数平均值太平寨地区分别为- 0.293和-1.60,娄子山地区分别为-0.364和-1.42.全区aH2O很低,同一地区上述各种数值相当均匀,不同地区则有一定差异,这些特征与"碳质变质"机理相符,说明峰期水活度可能受深源CO2流渗透的控制,属于外部缓冲性质.     

Relationship between biogeochemical features of biogenic elements and flocculation in the Changjiang Estuary

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雅浦-马里亚纳海沟附近海域的精细地貌特征研究

利用西太平洋地区的雅浦-马里亚纳海沟附近海域的多波束水深数据,获得了9.8°N—13.2°N、132.2°E—145°E矩形区域内的高精度水深地形图。通过对精细地貌进行研究发现,马里亚纳海沟南部的洋坡上发育有大范围的地垒、地堑型地貌,雅浦海沟北部存在明显的分段性特征,菲律宾海盆和帕里西维拉海盆内存在不同展布方向的大规模脊-槽地貌。研究结果表明此处复杂的地形地貌特征主要受板块运动的控制。最后结合已有研究成果,对该区域的地形地貌进行了分类。     

Threshold velocity for wind erosion: the effects of porous fences

Porous fence is a kind of artificial windbreak that has many practical applications. The threshold wind velocities at different distances downwind from porous fences were measured and the corresponding characteristics of particle movement observed to assess their shelter effect. It is found that the fence’s porosity is the key factor that determines the resulting shelter effect. The area near a fence can be typically classified into five regions, each with a different mode of particle movement. Dense fences, and especially solid fences, favor the accumulation of sand upwind of the fences. Fences with porosities of 0.3–0.4 produce the maximum threshold wind velocity; those with porosities of 0.3–0.6 (depending on the fence height) provide the maximum effective shelter distance. It is confirmed that the fence porosities of 0.3–0.4 that have been proposed for practical application in previous research are the most effective for abating wind erosion.     

导线覆冰极值的概率分布模拟及其应用试验

利用南方地区多个气象站和电力部门观冰站的导线覆冰逐日冰厚资料,将广义极值分布和广义帕雷托分布引入导线覆冰的概率模型研究中,通过超门限覆冰次数的泊松分布拟合检验,结合H ill图解,提出了基于超门限峰值法门限值的确定方法;对两种分布在导线覆冰极值模型拟合的适用性研究表明,广义帕雷托分布对各站覆冰冰厚极值的拟合精度最高;重现期冰厚极值估计随样本长度的变化分析表明,广义帕雷托分布模型极值估计的稳定性比广义极值分布强,一般样本容量达到25 a左右时,广义帕雷托分布重现期冰厚极值的估计趋于稳定,可以作为短序列下估计导线覆冰极值的较好方法。     

河北曹妃甸岛区工程地质环境稳定性评价研究

港口区工程地质环境安全关系着国计民生,对稳定社会和促进港口经济发展具有重要意义,因此研究和探讨港口区工程地质环境稳定性并进行综合评价就显得尤为重要.本文在总结相关研究成果并分析曹妃甸岛区地质环境数据的基础上,构建了工程地质环境稳定性评价指标体系,并采用专家打分法进行了综合评价.评价结果与研究区地质环境变化规律和后期观测结果基本一致,稳定性较差的地区主要分布在岛区东部及西南部曹妃甸深槽区域,主要为大规模的吹沙造地、工业建设,改变了原有的海洋动力系统,从而引起港区周围洋流、地貌特征、冲淤过程、泥沙运动的改变,导致航道的冲於,特别是深槽冲刷的加剧是影响地质环境稳定的主要因素.评价结果可作为研究区工程维护的参考依据,也为我国其它沿海港口重大工程地质环境稳定性评价提供了借鉴.     

Recycling of crustal materials and implications for lithospheric thinning:Evidence from Mesozoic volcanic rocks in the Hailar–Tamtsag Basin,NE China

Late Mesozoic Nb-rich basaltic andesites and high-Mg adakitic volcanic rocks from the Hailar-Tamtsag Basin,northeast China,provide important insights into the recycling processes of crustal materials and their role in late Mesozoic lithospheric thinning.The Late Jurassic Nb-rich basaltic andesites(154 ± 4 Ma) are enriched in large-ion lithophile and light rare earth elements,slightly depleted in high-field-strength elements,and have high TiO_2,P_2 O_5,and Nb contents,and(Nb/Th)PM and Nb/U ratios,which together with the relatively depleted Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic compositions indicate a derivation from a mantle wedge metasomatized by hydrous melts from subducted oceanic crust.The Early Cretaceous high-Mg adakitic volcanic rocks(129-117 Ma) are characterized by low Y and heavy rare earth element contents,and high Sr contents and Sr/Y ratios,similar to those of rocks derived from partial melting of an eclogitic source.They also have high Rb/Sr, K_2 O/Na_2 O,and Mg#values,and high MgO, Cr, and Ni contents.These geochemical features sugge st that the adakitic lavas were derived from partial melting of delaminated lower continental crust,followed by interaction of the resulting melts with mantle material during their ascent Our data,along with available geological,paleomagnetic,and geophysical evidence,lead us to propose that recycling of Paleo-Pacific oceanic crustal materials into the upper mantle due to flat-slab subduction and rollback of the Paleo-Pacific Plate during the late Mesozoic likely provided the precondition for lithospheric thinning in northeast China,with consequent lithospheric delamination causing recycling of continental crustal materials and further lithospheric thinning.