隧道爆破开挖围岩动力损伤效应数值模拟

采用数值模拟技术预估岩体开裂深度及爆破损伤影响范围对工程设计可以起到事先指导作用,对施工安全具有重大意义,其中科学的、合理的损伤模型及迭代计算方法是关键。基于FLAC3D程序的用户自定义本构模块,将考虑累积应变和荷载作用时间的Yang-Liu率相关动力损伤模型与Mohr-Coulomb弹塑性本构进行耦合,将围岩破坏过程中的损伤特性反映在荷载增量迭代计算中,形成了弹塑性动力损伤本构模型,详细推导了损伤应力修正迭代计算方法。对一圆形隧道爆破开挖进行模拟,探讨了爆破诱发的质点振动衰减特征及围岩损伤分布规律。分析结果表明,爆破产生的质点振动速度峰值与其所造成的损伤具有很好的相关性。该爆破损伤模型及模拟方法可以为类似工程提供一定参考     

某水工隧洞爆破震动对周边建筑物影响的试验分析

隧道开挖时的爆破震动对周边建筑物安全影响很大,但目前对不同爆破参数、周边建筑的距离与爆破开挖之间关系的研究成果不多,实际工程中也难以把握。以宁夏固原市某水工隧道工程为依托,采用现场试验的方法,对地表关键位置质点爆破振动频率与振动速度进行测试和分析。结果表明:(1)经测试发现房屋主振频率在10~60Hz间,而一般房屋建筑的频率均小于10Hz,说明此次试验中爆破震动不能与房屋产生共振。(2)对试验数据进行分析,并依据爆破震动规范安全振速标准进行判别,发现此次试验中土坯房的安全距离为160 m,一般砖房为60 m。研究结果可为隧道爆破的设计与施工提供理论依据,为类似隧道的爆破工程及解决由爆破引起的纠纷提供借鉴。     

The effect of volatile components in oil on evolutionary characteristics of diamondoids during oil thermal pyrolysis

On the basis of the results of simulation experiments, now we better understand the contribution of high carbon number hydrocarbons to diamondoid generation during thermal pyrolysis of crude oil and its sub-fractions(saturated, aromatic, resin, and asphalene fractions). However, little is known about the effect of volatile components in oil on diamondoid generation and diamondoid indices due to the lack of attention to these components in experiments. In this study, the effect of volatile components in oil on diamondoid generation and maturity indices was investigated by the pyrolysis simulation experiments on a normal crude oil from the HD23 well of the Tarim Basin and its residual oil after artificial volatilization, combined with quantitative analysis of diamondoids. The results indicate that the volatile components(≤n C12) in oil have an obvious contribution to the generation of adamantanes, which occurs mainly in the early stage of oil cracking(Easy Ro1.0%), and influences the variations in maturity indices of adamantanes; but they have no obvious effect on the generation and maturity indices of diamantanes. Therefore, some secondary alterations e.g., migration, gas washing, and biodegradation, which may result in the loss of light hydrocarbons in oil under actual geological conditions, could affect the identification of adamantanes generated during the late-stage cracking of crude oil, and further influence the practical application of adamantane indices.     

Review of snow water equivalent microwave remote sensing

Accurate quantitative global scale snow water equivalent information is crucial for meteorology, hydrology, water cycle and global change studies, and is of great importance for snow melt-runoff forecast, water resources management and flood control. With land surface process model and snow process model, the snow water equivalent can be simulated with certain accuracy, with the forcing data as input. However, the snow water equivalent simulated using the snow process models has large uncertainties spatially and temporally, and it may be far from the needs of practical applications. Thus, the large scale snow water equivalent information is mainly from remote sensing. Beginning with the launch of Nimbus-7 satellite, the research on microwave snow water equivalent remote sensing has developed for more than 30 years, researchers have made progress in many aspects, including the electromagnetic scattering and emission modeling, ground and airborne experiments, and inversion algorithms for future global high resolution snow water equivalent remote sensing program. In this paper, the research and progress in the aspects of electromagnetic scattering/emission modeling over snow covered terrain and snow water equivalent inversion algorithm will be summarized.     

Effect of tidal stress on fault nucleation and failure of the 2007 Ms6.4 Ning’er earthquake

Based on calculations of the tidal Coulomb failure stress and investigations of the correlation between the Earth tide and the Ning’er earthquake sequence, the processes of fault nucleation and failure were simulated. In these simulations we consider the influence of tidal stresses using the rate- and state-dependent friction laws. Furthermore, the effects on tidal triggering due to the stress amplitude and periodic oscillation properties were investigated, and the triggering effects between the tidal normal and tidal shear stresses were compared. The results showed that the Ning’er earthquake sequence was a physical consequence of tidal effects. A transition period T₀ exists between the nucleation and failure processes of a seismic fault. When the period T of stress is equal to or becomes larger than T₀, the fault response becomes dependent on the periodic features of the loading stress; however, for T < T₀, the response of the fault is nearly independent of the period. Both the tidal normal and tidal shear stresses have similar effect in the nucleation and failure processes; the clock changes generally increase with the maximum amplitudes of the tidal stresses. Tidal normal and tidal shear stresses with positive amplitudes mainly induce earthquake triggering; however, the triggering effects induced by negative tidal stresses are smaller and faults are not sensitive to negative tidal stresses. Our results primarily reveal the physical mechanisms of tidal stress triggering.     

旧石器时期以来新疆文化遗址分布特征及驱动因素

运用最近邻指数和耦合分析方法,研究了旧石器时期至近现代新疆432处文化遗址时空分布特征及驱动因素。结果表明：（1）新疆文化遗址属于聚集分布模式,集中分布在以12个聚集区为主的丝绸之路南道、中道、北道和塔城-阿勒泰地区4个带。中道和北道的遗址数量约占总量的80.11%。（2）新疆文化遗址可划分为旧石器-商朝、西周-秦朝、汉代-南北朝、隋唐-五代、宋元明、清朝-近现代6个时期,不同时期遗址分布重心经历了塔城-阿勒泰→丝绸之路南道和中道→丝绸之路中道和北道→丝绸之路中道的演变。（3）文化遗址的格局演化与历史时期新疆自然和人文因素等有很好的耦合关系,文化遗址的快速发展期（如西汉、隋唐）与气候的相对凉湿期、中原政权的强盛、屯垦的高潮期、丝绸之路的繁荣期相对应。（4）文化遗址空间分布主要受控于自然因素,而时间变迁更多的是受人文因素的影响。早期自然因素的影响大,而后期人文力量起主导作用,是新疆文化遗址变迁与自然和人文耦合关系的总规律。     

RBF神经网络在电路故障诊断中的应用研究

电路系统在工业控制中起着极其重要的应用,随着电路越来越复杂,电路各节点间的关系呈现非线性关系,若节点发生故障,如何确定故障发生在何处成为一大难题。利用RBF（radical basis function）神经网络可以快速逼近任意非线性函数及良好分类能力的特点,来实现对电路系统的故障分类。通过RBF与BP方法的比较及实例分析可得出结论,RBF可以很精确地确定电路中的故障来源,在对电路故障诊断能力方面具有较多的优越性。     

采用多项式拟合修正法提高CCD垂线仪的测量精度

通过分析CZ型CCD垂线坐标仪的标定数据,提出了使用3段2次多项式拟合修正法减小仪器非线性误差,提高测量精度的方法。在实际应用中明显提高了该产品的测量精度。     

措勤地区竟柱山组沉积特征及构造意义

上白垩统竟柱山组在西藏措勤地区主要沿班公湖-怒江缝合带、且坎-古昌-阿索断裂带和塔若错北-达瓦错南-秋措麦凹陷带断续分布。主要为一套磨拉石的紫红色碎屑岩,其沉积环境以扇三角洲和三角洲为主。扇三角洲和三角洲的前积层理指示了其进积方向,表明早期物源来自北部,而晚期来自南部的陆源物质增加。竞柱山组磨拉石沉积的发育,是班公湖-怒江缝合带造山运动的证据。