The unification of RBLs with XBLs

Many astronomers have discussed the property of BL Lacertae objects, including the variation of spectrum, the correlation of multi-wave bands and the property of polarization, which could give good information for studying intrinsic correlation of components and position of BL Lacertae objects. In the paper, we investigated the properties of RBLs and XBLs and RBLs/XBLs (these objects can also be found by radio survey as by X-ray survey). Firstly, we collected the light curve of 28 BL Lacertae objects, and gained their short timescales by Structure Function (SF). Secondly, we analyzed the distribution of the short timescales of some BL Lacertae objects, including 28 objects’ timescales calculated by SF, as well as the distribution of the redshift and the black hole mass and the flux densities of the multi-wavebands (radio, near-infrared, optical and Gamma-ray). Based on statistical analysis, the result of the paper support the unification model of RBLs and XBLs.     

Computing the Light Periods of Blazars with the Periodogram Spectral Analysis Method

The periodogram spectral analysis method applicable to equallyspaced time series is discussed, and the method is tested first with a simulated data series. It is confirmed that this method is effective for noisy series. Then, applying this method to the analysis of the light periods of the quasars 3C 279 and 3C 345 as well as the BL Lac objects OJ 287 and ON 231, we obtain their light periods to be 7.14 yr, 10.00 yr, 11.76 yr and 6.80 yr, respectively. These results obtained by periodogram spectral analysis are consistent with those obtained by the Jurkevich method in the literature. We have analyzed the effects of different window functions, and commented on their correct selection in practical applications.     

合成锂皂石用作钻井液造浆材料实验研究

高温下水基钻井液中膨润土颗粒会发生高温分散或高温聚结作用,从而导致钻井液性能发生剧变,针对这一问题,开展了合成锂皂石用作钻井液造浆材料实验研究。采用X射线粉晶衍射、扫描电镜及红外光谱对合成锂皂石H-6样进行了结构表征,对其分散性、抗盐性及抗温性能等进行了评价,并分析了合成锂皂石抗高温增稠机理。试验结果发现:合成锂皂石H-6样层间存在Na+与Li+两种阳离子,其阳离子交换容量(CEC)为149. 1mmol/100g,而且远高于钠膨润土的CEC值;合成锂皂石极易分散在水中,能明显提高水相的黏度,而且不受水化时间及水化温度影响。例如,当H-6加量从0. 5%增加至4%时,其分散体系的表观黏度从1. 5mPa·s增加至63. 5mPa·s;随着温度增加,合成锂皂石分散体系的表观黏度呈先增加后基本不变趋势,未出现高温明显增稠或高温减稠现象。例如,2%H-6分散体系在180～240℃高温老化后,其表观黏度在22～24mPa·s变化;合成锂皂石H-6样与其它处理剂配伍性好,采用其作为造浆材料配制的超高温水基钻井液具有优良的抗高温稳定性及高温流变性能,无需添加抗高温增黏剂及抗高温稀释剂来调整钻井液的流变性能。研究结果表明,合成锂皂石具有优良的抗高温分散性能,适合用作抗高温造浆材料,用于配制超高温水基钻井液。     

川西地区热达门石英闪长岩锆石U-Pb年龄和岩石地球化学特征:岩石成因与构造意义

川西地区热达门石英闪长岩体位于松潘-甘孜造山带北东侧。岩体的LA-ICP MS锆石U-Pb年龄为(206.4±1.4)Ma,侵位于晚三叠世。岩石Si O2含量为50.62%~56.66%,K2O/Na2O为0.32~1.20。铝饱和指数介于0.59~0.86之间,里特曼指数(σ)介于0.40~1.20之间,属于亚碱性准铝质系列岩石。岩体稀土总量∑REE介于81.45×10-6~222.39×10-6,LREE/HREE介于5.38~10.45之间,(La/Yb)N范围为5.98~12.99,δEu为0.66~1.01,δCe为0.81~0.93。岩石地球化学特征显示热达门岩石英闪长岩是在碰撞造山环境下,由岩浆上涌诱发下地壳物质部分熔融而形成的I型花岗岩。     

川南煤田龙潭组煤系泥页岩气与煤层气组合模式及合采前景分析

文中研究的上二叠统龙潭组煤层及其顶底板泥页岩含气性特征、组合模式及合采对煤系气勘探开发意义重大。为改变煤层气产业低产低效长周期的现状,实现综合效益的目标,将龙潭组作为目标层进行研究;简述了川南煤田龙潭组含气泥页岩与煤层的组合模式,并初步探讨了上述组合模式合探合采的必要性、条件和前景,并提出了开展综合勘探开采的建议。     

From micro scale to boundary value problem: using a micromechanically based model

Acta Geotechnica - A 3D multi-scale approach is presented to investigate the mechanical behavior of a macroscopic specimen consisting of a granular assembly, as a boundary value problem. The core...     

Factors influencing the accuracy of the photogrammetry-based deformation measurement method

Triaxial test has been widely used to investigate the stress–strain relationship of unsaturated soils. During triaxial testing, soil volume is an essential parameter to be measured. For an unsaturated soil, due to the presence of air phase, accurate volume/deformation measurement during triaxial testing was a great challenge for researchers. Recently, a photogrammetry-based method has been developed to measure the soil volume/deformation during triaxial testing. Preliminary triaxial test results indicate the new method is simple, accurate, and cost- and time-effective. However, some concerns regarding its measurement accuracy and applicability, which are critical for the dissemination of the photogrammetry-based method, have been raised by other researchers. These concerns were addressed in details in this study. The factors concerning the deformation measurement accuracy were systematically evaluated through a series of triaxial tests on an aluminum cylinder with different confining media and chamber pressures. A sensitivity analysis was carried out to investigate the impact of the system parameters on the volume measurement accuracy of the photogrammetry-based method. In addition, a triaxial test on a saturated sand specimen was conducted to evaluate the influences of mesh density, mesh pattern, and interpolation technique on the volume change measurement accuracy. Finally, some suggestions were provided to improve the accuracy of the photogrammetry-based measurement method.

     

Analysis of nonstationarity in low flow in the Loess Plateau of China

An approach for nonstationary low‐flow frequency analysis is developed and demonstrated on a dataset from the rivers on the Loess Plateau of China. Nonstationary low‐flow frequency analysis has drawn significant attention in recent years by establishing relationships between low‐flow series and explanatory variables series, but few studies have tested whether the time‐varying moments of low flow can be fully described by the time‐varying moments of the explanatory variables. In this research, the low‐flow distributions are analytically derived from the 2 basic explanatory variables—the recession duration and the recession coefficient—with the assumption that the recession duration and recession coefficient variables follow exponential and gamma distributions, respectively; the derived low‐flow distributions are applied to test whether the time‐varying moments of explanatory variables can explain the nonstationarities found in the low‐flow variable. The effects of ecosystem construction measures, that is, check dam, terrace, forest, and grassland, on the recession duration and recession coefficient are further discussed. Daily flow series from 11 hydrological stations from the Loess Plateau are used and processed with a moving average technique. Low‐flow data are extracted following the pit under threshold approach. Six of the 11 low‐flow series show significant nonstationarities at the 5% significance level, and the trend curves of the moments of low flow are in close agreement with the curves estimated from the derived distribution with time‐dependent moments of the recession duration and time‐constant moments of the recession coefficient. It is indicated that the nonstationarity in the low‐flow distribution results from the nonstationarity in the recession duration in all 6 cases, and the increase in the recession duration is resulted from large‐scale ecosystem constructions rather than climate change. The large‐scale ecosystem constructions are found to have more influence on the decrease in streamflow than on the increase in watershed storage, thus resulting in the reduction of low flow. A high return period for the initial fixed design value decreases dramatically with an increasing recession duration.     

黑河流域降水统计——动力降尺度问题研究

依据区域气候模式RIEMS2.0输出的3 km高分辨率数据和站点降水记录分析了中国西北黑河流域降水的动力降尺度和统计—动力降尺度问题,检验了多种因子组合下多元线性回归（MLR）和贝叶斯模式平均（BMA）降尺度模型,评估了降尺度降水的均方根误差、相关系数、方差百分率及“负降水”偏差率等方面的统计特征。结果表明,动力降尺度降水相关系数最高,误差也最大,降水方差达到观测值的1.5～2倍;除相关系数外,统计—动力降尺度模型的几个统计特征均最优,纯统计模型次之。检验表明,仅用700 hPa位势高度场、经向风和比湿等构建的统计降尺度模型估计的站点降水相关系数较低,均方根误差也较大。当在统计降尺度模型中引入模式降水因子后站点降水的估计得到明显改善,其中MLR类模型的降水相关系数和方差百分率均明显高于BMA类模型,均方根误差二者相当,但前者“负降水”出现频次明显大于后者,“负降水”偏差主要出现在降水稀少的冬半年及黑河中、下游干旱或极端干旱区,上游出现频率较低,其中MLR类模型“负降水”出现频次明显高于BMA类模型,后者仅出现在黑河中、下游地区。包含模式降水因子的统计—动力降尺度模型能减少“负降水”出现...     

地图符号的认知语义分析与动态生成

面向位置服务背景下地图符号按需和动态表达的需求,提出了一种基于认知语义分析的地图符号结构化描述模型,以及建立在此基础上的地图符号动态生成方法。结构化描述模型立足"现实—认知—符号"的认知语义原理,以地图符号语素为基本单元、以语义结构为描述框架,侧重描写符号图形和语义之间的关联映射机制。动态生成方法的核心是一种规则控制语素组合构造符号的上下文无关文法模型,通过对图形语素、形态结构语素以及符号生成规则系统进行建模,重构了地图符号动态生成的文法编译器。以个性化导航路径符号为例,通过面向不同情境和语义结构的符号动态生成试验,验证了本文方法的可行性。本文研究将有助于进一步理解地图符号的认知和结构原理,并促进相关行业和应用领域地图符号化的按需和动态表达的水平。