1990—2021年东太湖网围养殖规模变化下的水质变化特征及成因分析

2019年,东太湖30 km2养殖网围实现清零,结束了长达34年的太湖网围养殖历史。系统整理东太湖30年来(1990 2021年)水体氮、磷等营养盐浓度监测资料,对比分析14个监测点位水质在不同网围利用和整治时期的时空差异性及影响因素,判识网围拆除后水体营养盐变化趋势及存在问题对东太湖生态修复与保护具有重要意义。结果表明,东太湖30年来水体营养盐浓度年际变化随养殖结构(主养鱼到主养蟹)和养殖规模(过度利用到网围整治和拆除)的变化而变化,网围养蟹因其有效的水生植物管控和生态混养相对于主养鱼类水质较优,但水质均随着养殖强度的增大而变差,网围规模缩减对改善水质有正面效应。总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、高锰酸盐指数(COD_Mn)和叶绿素a(Chl.a)浓度分别由1990年的0.53 mg/L、0.014 mg/L、3.58 mg/L和2.90μg/L上升到2021年的1.87 mg/L、0.128 mg/L、5.72 mg/L和28.09μg/L,TN是主要的污染因子。原网围区和湖心区因较高的水生植被覆盖度,TN、TP、磷酸盐、悬浮颗粒物(SS)30年来变化不大,原网围区透...     

构造对砂岩孔隙演化的控制--以塔里木中部地区东河砂岩为例

塔里木中部地区东河砂岩孔隙大多为原生和次生混合孔隙,次生孔隙的形成与该区南、北两侧坳陷烃源岩成熟排出的酸性水有关,孔隙(包括原生的和次生的)在演化过程中始终受构造作用的控制:早期构造运动形成的塔中Ⅰ号断裂是酸性水从烃源岩注入储集岩的重要通道;古构造格局与演化控制了酸性流体运移路径和方向,最终控制了溶蚀作用和次生孔隙的分布位置;长期继承性的构造高部位比在短时期的构造高部位溶蚀发育物性好;构造高部位捕获烃类致使(原生或次生)孔隙保存下来。后期构造作用破坏油藏,烃类泄漏散失,孔隙重新释放,被晚期碳酸盐胶结而消失。构造在孔隙的形成、保存和消失这一演化过程中始终起着控制作用。     

近11 a南京市酸雨变化及其成因分析

本文结合2003—2013年以来南京国家基准气候站的逐日酸雨资料以及地面气象资料和高空探测资料,分析了近11 a来南京地区的酸雨变化特征以及相应的气象和气溶胶影响因子变化。所得结果表明:近11 a来南京地区的酸雨变化总体呈明显恶化态势,表现为酸雨的发生率明显提高,相应的酸度(pH值)显著下降;从影响酸雨变化的气象条件看,酸雨的pH值随着降水量增大而降低;垂直不稳定条件是影响酸雨的另一重要方面,酸雨事件出现时通常伴随出现高空逆温,在冬季有99%的事件出现逆温;分析850 hPa的风速和风向情况发现,冬、夏季分别有47%和52%的酸雨事件出现东风或东北风,这可能说明外部的输入性污染物对酸雨的形成也起着重要的作用。     

First Record of Petalodus Owen, 1840(Chondrichthyes,Petalodontidae) in the Lower Permian(Cisuralian) of China

The Petalodontiformes are a small intriguing group of Permo–Carboniferous chondrichthyans. Petalodus is the longest known petalodont genus generally considered representative of the order. The first definite fossil record of seven well-preserved Petalodus teeth has been found in the Qianshi limestone in the Lower Permian(Cisuralian) middle–upper Taiyuan Formation in Yangquan City, Shanxi Province, North China. The specimens are characterized by petal-shaped teeth with a spade-like crown, and a long, tongue-shaped root; the crown is circled with a band or cingulum composed of imbricated ridges at the base. All seven teeth are assigned to the species P. ohioenesis because of their vertically narrow cingulum and much longer root. Petalodus is a worldwide genus, with fossil localities mainly concentrated in the Laurussia supercontinent. The occurrence of Petalodus teeth in Yangquan not only is the first fossil record in China, but also only the second record in Asia. The Yangquan fossil site was part of the paleoequatorial North China Craton during the Early Permian, and was isolated from Laurusia and East Gondwana by the Paleo-Tethys Ocean. The successful dispersal of Petalodus from Laurusia to the North China Block along Paleo-Tethys may support the possibility that Petalodus taxa were active free-swimmers rather than bottom dwellers. The new finding increases the petalodont diversity in eastern Asia, and also sheds new light on the distribution and stratigraphic range.     

三峡库区山区农业生态系统转型

The Three Gorges Reservoir Area(TGRA)is typical of an ecologically vulnerable area,comprised of rural and mountainous areas,and with high immigration.Because of its economic and ecologic importance,studying the traditional agroecosystem changes in the TGRA is key to rural development and revitalization.In this study,we apply a framework of theoretical analysis,empirical study,and trend prediction to the Caotangxi River watershed within the TGRA.Using QuickBird high-resolution remote sensing images from 2012 to 2017 to evaluate natural resources and farmers’behavior,we analyze the transition and trends in the traditional agroecosystem in mountainous areas of the TGRA at spatial scale of the man-land relationship.We find that the agroecosystem in the TGRA can be divided into four modes using 100 m interval buffer rings:high-low-low,high-low-high,low-high-low and low-low-high mode where the different modes represent the agricultural development stages in the TGRA.Furthermore,the traditional agroecosystem in TGRA,represented by system elements such as farmers and sloping farmland,is transforming to accommodate the diversification of farmer livelihoods.For example,sloping farmland,which was dominated by a production function,now has equal emphasis on ecological and economic functions.Spatially,the range of the agroecosystem transition has migrated beyond high mountain areas to flat valley areas.Generally,this study provides an overview of land use in rural areas,controls on soil and water loss in mountainous areas,and better rural living environments in the TGRA.     

塔里木盆地塔北隆起碳酸盐岩油气成藏特点

塔北隆起自早古生代以来经历了长期的挤压隆升剥蚀过程,结合寒武系膏盐的塑性上拱,形成了两种基本的碳酸盐岩圈闭类型,即风化壳潜山和内幕背斜圈闭。塔北隆起南临古生代满加尔凹陷、北临中新生代库车坳陷,具有捕获南北两侧海陆两相油气来源的条件,经历了海西期、燕山期和喜马拉雅山期3期成藏。储集空间主要靠溶蚀孔洞和裂缝。石炭系中—上泥岩段和白垩系卡普沙良群泥岩两套区域性盖层对碳酸盐岩风化壳潜山油气聚集起着至关重要的作用。不整合面和断裂是控制塔北隆起油气成藏的两个最关键的因素,不整合面既控制着岩溶储层的发育分布又是油气侧向运移的优势通道;断裂活动形成破碎带、裂缝带进而改善储层性能,同时断裂也是油气垂向运移的优势通道。     

FY-3C积雪产品在同化中对微波资料质量控制的影响分析

T639-GSI全球系统同化AMSU-A资料的过程中,目前使用的月平均积雪产品并不能反映中高纬度大陆上快速地降雪/融雪过程,而FY-3C日积雪产品在时间精度上要高于GSI月平均积雪覆盖数据。由于同化系统对AMSU-A较低通道辐射率资料的质量控制需要依据更准确的地表积雪信息,所以本文结合冬春季节的FY-3C日积雪产品和NCEP再分析资料,研究了北半球中高纬度地区不同积雪覆盖率初值对分析场不同高度层温度场的影响,以及在同化过程中对预报结果的影响。结果表明,在对AMSU-A辐射率资料的质量控制中,月平均积雪数据和日积雪产品对温度场影响较大的区域与两者积雪覆盖差异区域有明显的对应;冬春季节,使用FY-3C日积雪产品代替GSI月平均积雪数据作为背景场中积雪下垫面数据,对进入同化系统的AMSU-A辐射率资料质量控制时,120 h之内1000—600 h Pa的中低层温度场的预报效果得到改善。     

生态移民福祉影响因素研究——基于陕西省蓝田县农村抽样调研

生态移民下农民要面临新的经济、社会和心理风险,亟需关注并增进其福祉水平,以尽快融入迁入地、嵌入新生活。从微观农户视角出发,基于Amartya Sen的能力理论,结合文献研究和参与式农村评估的成果,通过构建生态移民福祉多维指标体系分析生态移民作用下农民福祉的影响因素。结果表明：生态移民搬迁下农民受到家庭福祉、外部福祉和心理福祉共同作用,但影响程度差异显著;移民面临福祉维护向福祉提升的转变,外部福祉发挥主导作用,家庭福祉和心理福祉相互作用、协调推进;生活水平、健康、安全、社会联系、环境文化、信息交流、时间利用、社会适应、公平权利、生活实现这10大生活功能项结成复杂的耦合关系,通过不同程度直接或间接地影响农民福祉整体水平,其中社会联系作用最为显著,公平权利方面的诉求最为激烈,时间利用间接作用较为突出。据此,研究提出生态移民实施的具体建议,要兼顾移民家庭、外部和心理福祉水平,重视移民福祉与政策实施的联系,通过惠农政策的持续供给、重点保障和全方位扶持,保证移民享受到持久、稳定、更高水平的福祉。     

房产测量中"谁使用谁分摊"原则的适用性研究

"谁使用谁分摊"原则在房产测绘中存在误用滥用的情形。本文利用经济外部性等理论对"谁使用谁分摊"原则的局限性进行了系统分析,提出了适用条件,包括分摊主体产权明晰、分摊对象同一层级且功能单一、分摊评价标准统一、局部空间与整体空间不发生冲突等,为正确运用"谁使用谁分摊"作了初步探索。     

On paleodrainage evolution in mid-late Epipleistocene based on radar remote sensing in northeastern Ejin Banner,Inner Mongolia

Radar remote sensing can acquire information of sub-surface covered by sand in arid area,detect surface roughness and vegetation coronet‘s layer and linear feature such as linear structure and channel sensitively. With sediment facies analysis, this paper studies the features of environmental evolution in mid-late Epipleistocene (60 ka BP-20 ka BP) in northeastem Ejin Banner. The conclusions are listed as follows: (1) The evolution of the three lakes, i.e. Gaxunnur, Sugunur and Tian‘e lakes, are dominated by faults and regional climate. (2) By analyzing sedimentary section of old Juyanze Lake,the three lakes used to be a large outflow lake before 50 ka BP in northeastem Ejin Banner, and at 50 ka BP, temperature declined rapidly in northwestem China. The event caused the lake‘s shrinkage. (3)By fault activity uplift in the northem part of old Juyan Lake and depression in the southem part, the lake‘s water followed fi‘om north to south at around 35 ka BP, old Juyanze fluvial fan was formed. At the same time, Juyan lake separated fi‘om Sugunur Lake and Wentugunr old channel was abandoned.(4) In recent 2000 years, Ruoshui River is a wandering river, sometimes it flows into Juyan lake and sometimes Sugunur and Gaxunnur lakes. Due to human activities and over exploitation, the oasis ecosystem is rapidly degenerated in 15 years (1986-2000).