前言

人类对地球上生物多样性起源和演化的认识经历了三个重要阶段.第一阶段,科学家通过对生物外部特征(即表型,phenotype)的观察和分析,获得了对地球上生物多样性的初步认识,并探索了生物物种的地理分布格局及物种的演化规律.在此阶段,英国科学家华莱士根据生物多样性的分布格局,提出了区分物种地理分布的"华莱士线"(Walla...     

日照近岸海域春秋季虾蟹类的种类组成特征

作者根据2012年5月和2013年11月对日照近岸海域进行的底拖网调查资料,分析了该海域虾蟹类的种类组成、优势种和生物多样性。调查海域共捕获虾蟹类25种,根据相对重要性指数计算优势种为8种,其中经济价值较高的中大型虾蟹类5种,分别为:口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria)、戴氏赤虾(Meraenaeopsis dalei)、鹰爪虾(Trachypenaeus curvirostris)、日本[虫寻](Charybdis japonica)和三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)。分别计算了日照近岸海域春、秋季虾蟹类群落的多样性指数(H')、丰富度指数(D)和均匀度指数(J)。该海域虾蟹类群落多样性整体处在较低的水平,在生物量和丰度上经济较高的中大型虾蟹类物种占据优势。     

黄河三角洲潮间带大型底栖无脊椎动物群落结构与分布特征

为了解黄河三角洲潮间带大型底栖无脊椎动物现状,于2019年5月分别对建国后黄河入海口4个流路区域20个潮间带站位进行了采样调查.调查共采集到大型底栖无脊椎动物5纲16目37科60种,主要优势种有托氏（虫昌）螺(Umbonium costatum)、泥螺(Bullacta exarata)、光滑河篮蛤(Potamocor...     

台湾暖流水和长江冲淡水在32°N断面和PN断面上的分布及其变化

Based on six=cruise data gathered along 32°N and PN sections fron 1987 to 1998,we examined variations of water mass distribution and associated circulation in the westem part of the East China Sea with the emphasis on the behaviors of the Taiwan Warm Current Water and Changjiang(Yangtze)Diluted Water.It is found that the Diluted Water is Limited in the west of 122.5°E～123°E along 32°N and PN sections in autumn,winter and spring,but extends to 122.5°E～126°E in summer,especially in summer of 1998. Along the PN section, the Taiwan Warm Current (TWC)Water is found all year round,especially in deeper layer.It has significant seasonal and interannual variations which is the strongest in winter and relatively weaker in winter and relatively weaker in spring,summer and fall.The deep water carried by the TWC along 123°E～123.5°E tends to reach the north of 28°N even 30°N not only in warm seasons but also in cold seasons in even greater strength.It is noteworthy that the TWCwater was also strong in the flood summer of 1998.In general,the TWC water acts weakly in the north of 32°Nsection.However in spring of 1994.the body of the TWC water in salinity at 33.5 was found along 32°N section.It seems the extreme of the TWC water's northward intrusion with the depth in summer,but does not in winter.     

乳糖诱导重组别藻蓝蛋白(rAPC)在大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)中的表达

采用廉价的乳糖替代IPTG诱导重组别藻蓝蛋白(rAPC)在大肠杆菌(Escherichiacoli)JM109中表达,对诱导产物表达的培养基、培养条件、诱导剂的浓度和诱导时机进行了优化,将优化条件用于5L自控发酵罐进行高密度培养。结果表明,对rAPC表达的条件进行优化后,乳糖诱导rAPC的表达率可达26.8%,与IPTG的诱导结果接近;在高密度培养中,OD600最大达21.8。研究结果可为乳糖替代IPTG大规模生产rAPC奠定基础。     

两层分层流体中初始内孤立波分裂的数值研究

本文导得了1个研究内波分裂的射线型二维KdV方程。利用这一方程的一维退化方程进行了实验室尺度下孤立子型内波分裂的数值研究。数值结果表明,深水区的初始内孤立波和实测的内孤立波(内潮)在通过陆坡区时都会产生分裂,并在陆架上(浅水区)生成一内孤立子波列。这表明在实际海洋条件下,深海区内潮的分裂是陆架上海洋内孤立子波包(或波列)生成的主要机制之一。     

赤道中、东太平洋表层流速20d振荡特征分析

通过对1985年1月1日—1986年12月31日沿赤道5个锚定浮标站表层流速资料的分析,发现在140°W与108°W之间表层流速v存在一周期约为20d的显著振荡。该振荡是由波长约2000km、以1.15-1.23m／s的波速向西传播的波动引起的。该波动被推断为第二斜压模态混合Rossby惯性重力波。带通滤波和低通滤波结果表明,以110°W测站为例,20d振荡流速构方根为21.8cm／s（纬向）和22.1cm／s（经向）;单一流速振幅的特征值为30-50cm／s,最大振幅可达70cm／s;u季节变化的均方根小于17cm／s,v无明显季节变化。年平均流速通常小于5cm／s。以上各统计量表明,20d周期波动引起的v振荡在赤道东太平洋表层流速变化中非常显著。     

东海陆架北部泥质区沉积动力过程的季节性变化

利用东海陆架北部泥质区（济州岛西南）及其周围不同季节５个航次的悬浮体资料和相应的底质粒度资料,对该泥质区沉积动力过程的季节性变化规律进行了分析。结果表明：东海陆架北部悬浮体的高含量区并不与该区的沉积中心（泥质区）相吻合,泥质区的形成需有物源的充沛供应和涡旋的动力效应相结合。泥质区沉积作用时空变化具有强烈的季节性。冬季泥质区悬浮体供应充足,涡旋中心向泥质区东南扩展,是本区接受悬浮体沉积的关键季节。夏、秋二季泥质区的大部分区域缺少悬浮体物源,涡旋中心向北退缩,致使泥质区沉积作用强度降低,并且主要影响泥质区的西北区域。春季泥质区沉积作用强度和影响范围大于夏、秋两季,但小于冬季。     

The role of mindanao dome in the variability of the Pacific North equatorial current bifurcation

The Mindanao Dome (MD) features prominent oceanic variability and is located geographically close to the bifurcation latitude Y _b of the Pacific North Equatorial Current. In this study, the role of the MD in the variability of Y _b is examined with 20 years of satellite altimetric sea surface height (SSH) data and a 1.5-layer linear Rossby wave model. It is shown that the seasonal variations of surface Y _b are related to not only the SSH fluctuations near the bifurcation point (bifurcation box; 125°–130°E, 12°–15°N) but also those outstanding in the MD region (MD box; 127°–132°E, 6°–9°N). The impact of the MD SSH changes is significant when the bifurcation point stays at southerly latitudes during February–September, which hinders (delays) the southward leap (northward retreat) of Y _b in April–May (July–August) and thus leads to the asymmetry of the mean Y _b seasonal cycle (with a positive skewness of γ = +0.64). Such asymmetry also shows year-to-year variations depending on yearly mean Y _b value. A southerly yearly mean Y _b involves larger contribution of the MD and thus causes larger asymmetry of Y _b seasonal cycle. At interannual and longer timescales, the MD acts to amplify the fluctuations of the bifurcation. It is responsible for about 20 % of the total low-frequency Y _b variances and plays an important role in the 0.12° year^?1 southward trend of Y _b in the past two decades. The impact of the MD on Y _b changes is becoming increasingly significant at various timescales such as the bifurcation point migrating southward in recent years.     

背景流在内孤立波对小直径桩柱作用力中的影响

本文首先采用GK-dV方程,在考虑背景流和未考虑背景流2种情况下,对南海东北部向西传播的大振幅内孤立波进行了模拟。通过对比两组结果,发现背景流的引入,会使内孤立波的传播速度变快、波形变窄、振幅变大,以及波致流变强。然后,采用Morison’s公式计算了内孤立波对小直径桩柱的作用力和力矩,通过对比,发现在引入背景流后,作用力和力矩均变大,作用力增大9.0%,力矩增大32.5%,因此背景流在内孤立波对小直径桩柱的作用力中有着重要的影响。