良性对称性脂肪瘤病的影像诊断

目的探讨Madelung`s病的CT及MR表现。资料与方法结合文献回顾分析16例良性对称性脂肪瘤病患者的临床资料。回顾性分析2003年5月～2005年12月间我院影像及临床科室证实的Madelung`s病16例。男性15例,女性1例。应用GE Process F-II型多层螺旋CT扫描机以及XGY OPER-0.35T永磁性磁共振扫描仪。行颈部及下颌部扫描。磁共振扫描常规应用脂肪抑制序列。结果16例病人中4人表现为颈后部、双侧肩部皮下脂肪过度堆积;9例患者表现为双侧颌下脂肪层增厚、双侧咽旁间隙、腮腺周围间隙脂肪过度堆积;3例病人表现为双侧颌下、颈前部、双侧锁骨上窝深浅筋膜间隙脂肪组织过度堆积。CT及MR增强扫描未见异常强化,其内血管分布与走行未见异常。磁共振压脂像显示为正常脂肪组织,未见其它异常信号显示。     

土-膨润土隔离墙应力状态与固结行为的现场试验研究

土-膨润土竖向隔离墙被广泛应用于污染场地治理,其服役性能受应力状态和固结变形影响较大。通过建造两段不同尺寸的土-膨润土隔离墙试验段,并利用土压力盒、孔压计、测斜管等分别对墙体现场应力状态和变形进行了为期15个月的监测,获得了土-膨润土隔离墙固结行为的基本特征。监测结果表明：墙体主固结阶段需要数月;墙体固结变形以侧向变形为主;大部分深度内总应力在前1个月显著减小,并在随后基本保持稳定,有效应力随超孔压消散而不断增加;水平应变与最大水平有效应力均与墙深呈显著正相关;然而在主固结期间,墙体底部总应力和孔压均一直减小直至等于静水压力,有效应力始终很小。根据实测墙体变形及应力分布的特点,指出在相邻土体中可能形成滑动楔形体,对填料产生整体挤压,从而对隔离墙的现场固结行为特征作出了合理解释。最后,针对土-膨润土隔离墙的设计施工提出了相关建议。     

Spatio-temporal variability in sea surface temperatures for the Yellow Sea based on MODIS dataset

The spatio-temporal variabilities in sea surface temperature (SST) were analyzed using a time series of MODIS datasets for four separate regions in the Yellow Sea (YS) that were located along a north-south axis. The space variant temporal anomaly was further decomposed using an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) for estimating spatially distributed SST. The monthly SSTs showed similar temporal patterns in each region, which ranged from 2.4°C to 28.4°C in the study years 2011 to 2013, with seasonal cycles being stronger at the higher latitudes and weaker at the lower latitudes. Spatially, although there were no significant differences among the four regions (p < 0.05) in any year, the geographical distribution of SST was characterized by an obvious gradient whereby SST decreased along the north-south axis. The monthly thermal difference among regions was largest in winter since the SST in the southeast was mainly affected by the Yellow Sea Warm Currents. The EOF1 mode accounted for 56% of the total spatial variance and exhibited a warming signal during the study period. The EOF2 mode accounted for 8% of the total variance and indicated the warm current features in the YS. The EOF3 mode accounted for 6% of the total variance and indicated the topographical features. The methodology used in this study demonstrated the spatio-temporal variabilities in the YS.     

Remote sensing retrieval of surface suspended sediment concentration in the Yellow River Estuary

Accurate assessment of surface suspended sediment concentration(SSSC) in estuary is essential to address several important issues: erosion, water pollution, human health risks, etc. In this study, an empirical cubic retrieval model was developed for the retrieval of SSSC from Yellow River Estuary. Based on sediments and seawater collected from the Yellow River and southeastern Laizhou Bay, SSSC conditions were reproduced in the laboratory at increasing concentrations within a range common to field observations. Continuous spectrum measurements of the various SSSCs ranging from 1 to 5700 mg/l were carried out using an Ava Field-3 spectrometer. The results indicated the good correlation between water SSSC and spectral reflectance(Rrs) was obtained in the spectral range of 726–900 nm. At SSSC greater than 2700 mg/L, the 740–900 nm spectral range was less susceptible to the effects of spectral reflectance saturation and more suitable for retrieval of high sediment concentrations. The best correlations were obtained for the reflectance ratio of 820 nm to 490 nm. Informed by the correlation between Rrs and SSSC, a retrieval model was developed(R2 = 0.992). The novel cubic model, which used the ratio of a near-infrared(NIR) band(740–900 nm) to a visible band(400–600 nm) as factors, provided robust quantification of high SSSC water samples. Two high SSSC centers, with an order of 103 mg/l, were found in the inversion results around the abandoned Diaokou River mouth, the present Yellow River mouth to the abandoned Qingshuigou River mouth. There was little sediment exchange between the two high SSSC centers due to the directions of the residual currents and vertical mixing.     

Evaluation of diffuse and preferential flow pathways of infiltrated precipitation and irrigation using oxygen and hydrogen isotopes

Subsurface-water flow pathways in three different land-use areas (non-irrigated grassland, poplar forest, and irrigated arable land) in the central North China Plain were investigated using oxygen (¹⁸O) and hydrogen (²H) isotopes in samples of precipitation, soils, and groundwater. Soil water in the top 10 cm was significantly affected by both evaporation and infiltration. Water at 10–40 cm depth in the grassland and arable land, and 10–60 cm in poplar forest, showed a relatively short residence time, as a substantial proportion of antecedent soil water was mixed with a 92-mm storm infiltration event, whereas below those depths (down to 150 cm), depleted δ¹⁸O spikes suggested that some storm water bypassed the shallow soil layers. Significant differences, in soil-water content and δ¹⁸O values, within a small area, suggested that the proportion of immobile soil water and water flowing in subsurface pathways varies depending on local vegetation cover, soil characteristics and irrigation applications. Soil-water δ¹⁸O values revealed that preferential flow and diffuse flow coexist. Preferential flow was active within the root zone, independent of antecedent soil-water content, in both poplar forest and arable land, whereas diffuse flow was observed in grassland. The depleted δ¹⁸O spikes at 20–50 cm depth in the arable land suggested the infiltration of irrigation water during the dry season. Temporal isotopic variations in precipitation were subdued in the shallow groundwater, suggesting more complete mixing of different input waters in the unsaturated zone before reaching the shallow groundwater.

     

川中磨溪—高石梯地区下寒武统龙王庙组层序格架内滩体的发育演化特征及对储层的控制

川中磨溪—高石梯地区龙王庙组可划分为两个三级层序。通过大量岩心、薄片以及测井资料综合分析,磨溪—高石梯地区龙王庙期整体属于局限台地沉积,可划分为台内滩、滩间洼地以及潟湖亚相。以台内滩颗粒含量、沉积构造以及单层滩体沉积厚度为基础,结合测井响应特征分析,将台内滩划分为滩核、滩翼以及白云岩坪等微相,并建立了台内滩的3种典型沉积序列:滩翼—滩核—白云岩坪、潟湖—滩间洼地—台内滩,以及滩间洼地—台内滩。层序格架内台内滩的纵横向发育特征表明:SQ_2时期较SQ_1时期更为发育,滩体单层厚度和总厚度均较大,层序界面附近的滩核—白云岩坪沉积序列上部为最有利的储层发育相带。     

文安5.1级地震前后地壳形变特征研究

应用文安地震200km范围内的定点形变观测资料,在研究断层活动性质的基础上,进一步综合分析在文安地震前后地壳形变的时空演化特征及其与地震活动的关系,结果表明：（1）部分测项在震前均出现张性或者压性转折变化,或者阶跃变化;（2）地表潮汐平面应变状态在中强地震前后表现出不同的变化特征;（3）平面应变参数曲线2011年前后发生同步转折变化,且变化幅度很大,但首都圈及附近地区并没有中强以上地震发生,可能与引发2011年3月日本9.0级特大地震的板块构造应力场变化有关。     

自然灾害遗址型黑色旅游地参观者动机研究——以汶川地震北川遗址公园为例

黑色旅游是当前国内外研究的热点之一,黑色旅游开发是自然灾害发生地灾后恢复的一种重要方式。以往研究较多关注战争与事件型黑色旅游地,对自然灾害遗址型旅游地的研究较少。本文以汶川地震北川遗址公园为案例,构建了参观者动机测量量表;通过因子分析得到了教育与纪念动机、社交与亲情动机、感受与见证动机、认同与求新动机和好奇心动机五大类参观者动机类型。为分析和比较不同来源地参观者动机的特征,探究事件关注度和认知欲望对不同类型动机的影响程度差异,分别以全体参观者和四川参观者为样本构建了结构方程模型。结果显示:全体参观者模型中,事件关注度对教育与纪念、社交与亲情等动机影响较大,而对好奇心动机影响较小;认知欲望对教育与纪念、感受与见证以及好奇心等动机影响较大,而对认同和求新动机影响较小。在四川参观者模型中,参观者对汶川事件的关注度不能激发感受与见证动机,认知欲望对社交与亲情动机的影响也不显著,而对于汶川地震地区的认同感和集体认同感较强。     

河北省丰宁县茶棚银矿地质、地球物理特征及找矿意义

茶棚银矿位于河北省北部坝上草原向山区过渡地带,风成砂覆盖严重,示矿标志不明显,地表找矿难度大;地表矿体断续出露,而深部银矿体主要以隐伏矿体的形式赋存于近南北向展布的构造破碎带中,数量明显增多、品位变富、厚度变大;在这种特殊的景观地质特征下,利用激电中梯扫面,可发现厚覆盖状态下构造矿化蚀变带,利用EH4连续导电率测量可厘定矿化蚀变带的规模、产状并可提供隐爆角砾岩体等深部控矿地质信息,利用可控源音频大地电磁测深的中低阻陡变带和中阻带,特别是陡变带中的转折部位（形态呈耳状部位）可具体定位银矿体的赋存空间。