芒果苷对高脂肪/高果糖饮食诱导大鼠代谢综合征的影响

目的：探讨芒果苷对高脂肪/高果糖饮食诱导大鼠代谢综合征（MS）的影响。方法：将60只大鼠随机分为正常组,模型组,阳性对照组,芒果苷高、中、低剂量组,每组各10只。每天饲喂17%脂肪/17%果糖饲料+20%果糖水,构建MS模型,造模8周。造模成功后阳性对照组灌胃二甲双胍50mg/kg,芒果苷高、中、低剂量组分别灌胃40、20、10mg/kg,正常组和模型组灌胃等体积0.5%羧甲基纤维素钠,连续给药8周。观察各组的体质量、内脏脂肪质量、脂体比及血清总胆固醇、三酰甘油、空腹血糖、胰岛素水平、胰岛素抵抗指数（IRI）、脂肪细胞因子（脂联素、抵抗素）水平。结果：与模型组比较,芒果苷高、中、低剂量组的体质量、内脏脂肪质量、脂体比、血清总胆固醇、三酰甘油、空腹血糖、胰岛素及抵抗素水平下降（P<0.01）,芒果苷高、中剂量组IRI降低（P<0.05）。结论：芒果苷通过调控糖脂代谢、脂肪细胞因子、脂肪堆积、胰岛素抵抗等途径干预大鼠MS的病理进程。     

波浪作用下斜坡上单桩周围海床孔隙水压力响应特性试验研究

单桩基础周围斜坡海床中的波致孔隙水压力响应与纯斜坡海床存在较大差异。为了解不同波高、波周期条件下,单桩基础周围波浪传播变形及其对斜坡海床孔压振荡响应的影响,在波浪水槽末端铺设了长6 m、坡度1∶16的斜坡砂床进行试验。通过改变桩身位置和波浪参数,测量斜坡段各处波面形态,采集单桩周围孔隙水压力,分析了桩身位置及波浪参数对斜坡海床孔压响应的影响。结果表明：相同入射波条件下,随距坡脚水平距离增加,波高、近底流速和桩周孔隙水压力幅值都随之增大;桩周孔隙水压力幅值分布规律为：桩前孔压幅值明显大于桩侧与桩后孔压幅值。当Keulegan-Carpenter数大于6时,随着波高和波周期增大,马蹄涡产生的负压区使得桩侧海床孔隙水压力与纯斜坡海床孔隙水压力差值迅速增加。     

基于问卷调查的公众防震减灾科普认知及需求研究——以山东省为例

防震减灾科普知识的普及有利于增强公众的防震减灾意识,对于减少地震灾害社会经济损失和人员伤亡具有重大意义。通过问卷调查的研究方式对山东省公众防震减灾科普认知和需求进行分析,并得出如下结论：(1)山东省公众对于地震科普知识的整体认知水平偏低,对于地震基本知识的掌握水平有限,辨识地震谣言的能力不足,地震应急避险能力有待加强,应急救护技能掌握水平和震时避险原则认知水平不高;(2)山东省公众对于地震应急避险与技能、地震预报与预警、地震谣言识别及建筑抗震等方面的科普内容需求度较高;(3)山东省公众最期望获取防震减灾科普信息的途径是通过线上的新媒体APP或网站,对于参加地震应急演练、科普讲座、科普馆参观等线下活动的意愿较强。针对上述实际情况,本文对地震科普工作给出了提升建议。     

The petrogenesis and implications of deformed late Caledonian–early Hercynian granites in the Wuyi area,South China

Precambrian basement rocks have been affected by Caledonian thermal metamorphism. Caledonian‐aged zircon grains from Precambrian basement rocks may have resulted from thermal metamorphism. However, Hercynian ages are rarely recorded. Zircon U–Pb Sensitive High Resolution Ion Microprobe (SHRIMP) dating reveals that zircon ages from the Huyan, Lingdou, and Pengkou granitic plutons can be divided into two groups: one group with ages of 398.9 ±5.3 Ma, 399 ±5 Ma, and 410.2 ±5.4 Ma; and a second group with ages of 354 ±11 Ma, 364.6 ±6.7 Ma, and 368 ±14 Ma. The group of zircon U–Pb ages dated at 410–400 Ma represent Caledonian magmatism, whereas the 368–354 Ma ages represent the age of deformation, which produced gneissosity. The three plutons share geochemical characteristics with S‐type granites and belong to the high‐K calc‐alkaline series of peraluminous rocks. They have (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i ratios of 0.710 45–0.724 68 and εNd(t) values of ?7.33 to ?10.74, with two‐stage Nd model ages (T_DM2) ranging from 1.84 Ga to 2.10 Ga. Magmatic zircon εHf(t) values range from ?3.79 to ?8.44, and have T_DMC ages of 1.65–1.93 Ga. The data suggest that these granites formed by partial melting of Paleoproterozoic to Mesoproterozoic continental crust. A collision occurred between the Wuyi and Minyue microcontinents within the Cathaysia Block and formed S‐type granite in the southwest Fujian province. The ca 360 Ma zircon U–Pb ages can represent a newly recognized period of deformation which coincided with the formation of the unified Cathaysia Block.     

Statistical downscaling of reference evapotranspiration in Haihe River Basin: applicability assessment and application to future projection

Future changes in reference evapotranspiration (ET₀) are of increasing importance in assessing the potential impacts on hydrology and water resources systems of more pronounced climate change. This study assesses the applicability of the Statistical Downscaling Model (SDSM) in projecting ET₀, and investigates the seasonal and spatial patterns of future ET₀ based on general circulation models (GCMs) across the Haihe River Basin. The results indicate that SDSM can downscale ET₀ well in term of different basin-averaged measures for the HadCM3 and CGCM3 GCMs. HadCM3 has a much superior capability in capturing inter-annual variability compared to CGCM3 and thus is chosen as the sole model to assess the changes in future ET₀. There are three homogeneous sub-regions of the Haihe River Basin: Northwest, Northeast and Southeast. Change points are detected at around 2050 and 2080 under the A2 and B2 scenarios, respectively. The Northwest is revealed to have a slight to strong increase in ET₀, while the Northeast and the Southeast tend to experience a pattern change from decrease to increase in ET₀.

EDITOR M.C. Acreman

ASSOCIATE EDITOR J. Thompson     

Origin and Evolution of Aquitard Porewater in the Western Coastal Plain of Bohai Bay,China

High‐salinity paleowater from low‐permeability aquitards in coastal areas can be a major threat to groundwater resources; however, such water has rarely been studied. The chemical and isotopic compositions of porewater extracted from a 200‐m‐thick Quaternary sedimentary sequence in the western coastal plain of Bohai Bay, China, were analyzed to investigate the salinity origin and chemical evolution of porewater in aquitards. Porewater samples derived at depths shallower than 32 m are characterized by Cl‐Na type saline water (total dissolved solids [TDS], 10.9–84.3 g/L), whereas those at depths greater than 32 m comprise Cl·SO₄‐Na type brackish water (TDS, 2.2–6.3 g/L). Saline porewater is interpreted as evaporated seawater prior to halite saturation, as evidenced by Cl‐Br relationships. Although substantial dilution of saline porewater with meteoric water is supported by a wider Cl^? range and δ²H‐δ¹⁸O covariance, the original marine waters were not completely flushed out. The deeper brackish porewater is determined to be a mixture of fresher porewater and brine groundwater and had a component of old brine of less than 10%, as indicated by a mixing model defined using δ²H and Cl^? tracers. Porewater δ²H‐δ¹⁸O relationships and negative deuterium excess ranging from ?25.9‰ to ?2.9‰ indicate the existence of an arid climate since Late Pleistocene in Tianjin Plain. The aquitard porewaters were chemically modified through water‐rock interactions due to the long residence time.     

高烈度区大跨刚构-连续梁桥地震响应分析

为研究大跨刚构-连续梁桥在高烈度地区的地震响应,选取羊记沟左线大桥为工程背景,利用Midas软件建立多个有限元模型,考虑纵、横桥向的水平地震波输入,比较反应谱与时程分析结果,获得结构动力响应特点,为大跨刚构-连续梁桥的抗震设计提供参考依据。结果表明:刚构-连续体系仅单墩刚构时不宜采用反应谱分析,高烈度地区桥梁进行地震响应时程分析时,选用与场地适应的地震波的同时,应考虑采用本地地震参数转化人工波作为地震激励源。桥墩不等高时,可通过改变墩截面形状及其与主梁连接方式调节内力分布,避免矮墩刚度大导致的内力集中。     

Focal Mechanism and Focal Depth of the May 22, 2016 MS4.6 Earthquake in Chaoyang, Liaoning

An earthquake with M_S4.6 occurred at 17:08 p.m., May 22, 2016 in Chaoyang County, Liaoning Province. We used the P-wave first motion method, TDMT method, and CAP method to determine the focal mechanisms and the PTD method and sPn-Pn method to determine the focal depth. The focal mechanism results of the three methods are consistent. The depth results of the CAP method, PTD method and sPn-Pn method are close. We used the double difference location method to relocate earthquakes in 2009-2016, and obtained the strikes and dip angles of the small earthquake distributions with the help of simulated annealing algorithm and gauss Newton algorithm fitting. According to the focal mechanism results, the depth results, the characteristics of small earthquake distributions and the structural characteristics of the source area, the seismogenic fault strike is NEE and the main pressure force direction is NNW. The earthquake focal mechanism is for a normal fault type with a little left-lateral strike slip motion.     

山东地磁台网受宁东高压直流输电干扰预处理质量分析

为进一步提高山东地磁台网受高压直流输电干扰的预处理质量,通过中国地震前兆数据处理系统中相对差值检测和预处理检测功能,对山东地磁台网多年来受宁东高压直流输电干扰预处理情况进行了总结分析。结果表明,经过数据预处理,宁东高压直流输电干扰基本被去除,但仍然存在高压直流输电干扰误判、起止时间错判、干扰幅度计量不精确等问题。针对上述问题,对数据进行复核和校对,应用"缓变台阶"功能重新处理,并加强对H、D分量干扰特征的研究。     

精河6.6级地震前精河水管仪、伸缩仪异常特征分析

2017年8月9日精河发生6.6级地震。本文首先利用相关、回归分析研究了气温对水管仪、伸缩仪的影响,并进行了干扰的定量剔除;其次,通过回归残差分析研究地震前水管仪、伸缩仪的异常特征,认为精河6.6级地震前存在3项异常:①2016年5月22日起,水管仪NS分量S倾幅度0.53";②2017年3月24日起,EW分量E倾幅度0.28";③2016年9月10日起,伸缩仪NS分量出现压缩现象。