南秦岭勉县─略阳结合带蛇绿岩与岛弧火山岩地球化学及其大地构造意义

南秦岭勉县-略阳结合带中超基性岩类主要为方辉橄榄岩和纯橄榄岩,稀土特征为轻稀土亏损,铕富集型;辉绿岩均为轻稀土富集型。变质火山岩可区分为两种组合：一为轻稀土亏损的洋脊拉斑玄武岩,其Ti／V．Th／Ta、Th／Yb、Ta／Yb表明其为MORB型玄武岩,代表本区消失了的洋壳岩石,指示本区晚古生代一早中生代期间的一个古洋盆。另一类为岛弧火山岩组合,除岛弧拉斑玄武岩外,甚至还有大量中、酸性岛弧火山岩,它们并非洋壳的物质组成,而是大陆弧岩浆活动的产物。这表明勉略洋盆在晚古生代-早中生代期间曾经经历过一个较完整的有限洋盆的发生、发展与消亡过程,这期间秦岭已成为一独立的岩石圈微板块,其南缘具有活动大陆边缘的构造属性,秦岭并非华北与扬子陆块之间的简单碰撞产物。     

Timing for high lake levels of Qinghai Lake in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau since the Last Interglaciation based on quartz OSL dating

Qinghai Lake is situated in the northeast of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). Its size and proximity to the junction of three major climate systems make it sensitive to climate changes. Some investigations on shorelines of Qinghai Lake suggested highstands during MIS 3, but to what extent the lake level was higher than today is yet undetermined. Others proposed that the maximum highstands probably dated to MIS 5. It has also been shown that the lake level 120 m higher than today occurred at around 12 ka. Most of these previous ages were obtained using ¹⁴C dating or multiple-aliquot IRSL/OSL dating. For ¹⁴C dating, because of the dating limit (<40 ka) and the lack of suitable dating materials in this arid area, it is difficult to establish reliable chronological control. In the present study, seven samples collected from lacustrine deposits (five samples) and sand wedges (two samples) were dated using quartz optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) with the single aliquot regenerative-dose (SAR) protocol. OSL dating results showed that (1) the lake had experienced two high lake levels, one was in MIS 5 and another in early to middle MIS 3; (2) no evidence of high lake levels in MIS 4 has been found; (3) the alluvial gravels, whose surface is at an elevation of ～3246 m, were formed at least 28.8 ± 2.3 ka ago, and the widespread sand wedges within the alluvial gravels were formed during the period of 15.1–28.8 ka, which implied that the lake level had not reached an elevation of ～3240 m after 28.8 ± 2.3 ka.     

Guadalupian （Middle Permian） Conodont Faunas at Shangsi Section, Northeast Sichuan Province

This study recovered the Guadalupian conodont faunas from Shangsi (上寺) Section in Northeast Sichuan (四川). Four genera and nine species were identified, and three conodont zones were recognized and established; they include Jinogondolella nankingensis Zone, J. aserrata Zone, and J. postserrata Zone. The Roadian and Wordian boundary is set in the interval 5 m from the top of Bed 86 by the first appearance of the conodont J. aserrata. The Wordian and Capitanian boundary is set in the interval 2.3 m from the top of the Bed 95 by the first appearance of J. postserrata. Most of the specimens demonstrated low color alteration index (CAI) as 1.5-3, indicating that most part of the Maokou (茅口) Formation may have the suitable thermal conditions for the formation of oil source rocks.     

陕北榆神府矿区煤炭资源开发主要水工环问题及防治对策

分析了榆神府矿区煤炭资源开发所面临的主要水文、工程、环境地质问题。以水文工程地质条件研究为基础 ,给出了榆神府矿区土地沙漠化、水土流失和水环境受开采影响的预期结果。并提出了实现保水采煤的水工环技术方案和工程措施建议。     

相山及邻区七个火山盆地火山岩岩性特征及成因探讨

本文研究赣杭构造带西南端相山及其邻区7个火山盆地主体岩石的特征和成因,从地质产状、岩性、岩石化学等方面做了论述。采用了红外光谱、矿物包裹体、高温实验等研究方法,探讨了岩石的形成机理。相山主体岩石是一种成因特殊的火山碎屑（斑）熔岩,即岩颈碎屑熔岩和岩流碎屑熔岩。相山等火山盆地主体岩石边部的塑性岩屑不是熔离成因,而是由火山喷发作用形成的。火山碎屑熔岩中的斜长石牌号变化大,钾长石主要是低透长石,表明岩石的形成具有高温特征。不同岩石相的矿物中的熔融包裹体有明显的形态标型。碎眉熔岩中的石英碎斑结构,主要是高温热炸裂成因的。7个火山盆地中的主体岩石可划分两大类:相山、玉华山和礼陂火山盆地的主体岩石是火山碎屑熔岩;高家、林家、谙源和谭港火山盆地的主体岩石是弱熔结凝灰岩。     

Quantitative dam break analysis on a reservoir earth dam

Mathematical simulations on dam break or failure using BOSS DAMBRK hydrodynamic flood routing dam break model were carried out to determine the extent of flooding downstream, flood travel times, flood water velocities and impacts on downstream affected residences, properties and environmental sensitive areas due to floodwaters released by failure of the dam structure. Computer simulations for one of the worse case scenarios on dam failure using BOSS DAMBRK software accounted for dam failure, storage effects, floodplains, over bank flow and flood wave attenuation. The simulated results reviewed a maximum flow velocity of 2.40 m/s with a discharge of approximately 242 mз /s occurred at 1.00 km downstream. The maximum discharge increased from 244 m³/s (flow velocity = 1.74 m/s occurred at 8^th. km) to 263 m³/s (flow velocity = 1.37 m/s occurred at 12^th. km); about a 39% drop in flow velocity over a distance of 4.00 km downstream. If the entire dam gives way instantly, some spots stretching from 0.00 km (at dam site) to approximately 3.40 km downstream of the dam may be categorized as “danger zone”, while downstream hazard and economic loss beyond 3.40 km downstream can be classified as “low” or “minimal” zones.     

Health impact assessment of marine emissions in Pearl River Delta region

Global marine vessels emissions are adversely affecting human health particularly in southeast Asia. But health burdens from both ocean- and river-going vessels in Pearl River Delta (PRD) regions are not quantified. We estimated the potential health impacts using pooled relative risks of mortality and hospital admissions in China, and the model derived concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO₂), particulate matter (PM₁₀), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and ozone (O₃) due to vessels emissions. SO₂ concentrations due to marine emissions in Hong Kong were 13.6 μgm^?3 compared with 0.7 μgm^?3 in PRD regions that were far from the marine vessels. In PRD regions, the estimated annual numbers (per million people) of excess deaths from all natural causes and hospital admissions from cardiorespiratory causes attributable to SO₂, NO₂, O₃ and PM₁₀ combined from marine emissions were 45 and 265 respectively. Marine emission control measures could contribute a large reduction in mortality and hospital admissions in PRD regions especially in Hong Kong.     

考虑双向水平地震作用的结构设计问题研究

分析了抗震设计中考虑双向水平地震作用的必要性,指出了研究双向地震作用的必要性,通过国内外规范相关条文的对比指出目前研究有待完善的关键问题和方向,结合近期研究成果对其中几个值得注意的问题提出建议。     

闽中北前汛期多普勒雷达定量估测降水分析

使用2002、2003年福建中北部27个气象站5—6月自记雨量资料及相应的雷达体扫资料,通过用最优化法统计得出不同区域的Z-I关系,并将统计结果用于2005年5—6月的降水估测。同时利用实时雨量资料采用卡尔曼最优（卡尔曼滤波＋最优插值）、变分等估测方法对2005年几次混合型降水过程进行实时雨量校正,用福建北部武夷山九曲溪流域雨量计检验校正后的雨量值,并对上述几种方法的测量精度进行比较、分析。结果表明：卡尔曼最优、变分法及100km距离范围内的最优化法的过程平均相对误差小于25％,100km距离范围以外最优化法的过程平均相对误差明显增大,Z=300I^1,4估测的误差最大。     

岩背斑岩锡矿特征和成因

冉背斑岩锡矿为Ｓｎ－Ｆ型，不同于玻利维亚斑岩锡矿（Ｓｎ－Ｂ型）。含矿的火山－侵入杂岩属陆壳重熔型（Ｓ型）。矿体赋存于流纹斑岩和花岗斑岩的内外接触带，物质成分较为复杂；围岩蚀变的分带现象较明显，自内向外依次为黄英岩化带、绿泥石化带和绢云母化带。根据同位素资料，成矿热液以岩浆水为主，成矿物质主要来自岩浆。成矿作用在时间、空间和物质来源上与岩浆活动有着密切的成因联系。