断裂对地下水力扩散的影响及其与诱发地震关系的讨论

本文重点讨论了断裂规模、断裂相交网络和断裂力学的性质对地下水力扩散的影响,及其与诱发地震的关系。指出断裂密集成带的地方,水力扩散大。根据流体流动规律,水力扩散沿断裂方向流体流速大,断裂越长越深,沿断裂方向水力扩散距离就越大。而水力扩散随深度的变化,由于不同深度上岩性变化和应力状态的不同,有的深度上的岩类可能出现扩容而增大水力扩散。因此它并不是随围压的增大而单值地减少。 文章指出断裂的末端和断裂的交汇处是地下水富集的地方,在水富集地方的四周,水力扩散比其它地方要大。另外现代活动的张性和张扭性断裂比压性和压扭性断裂的水力扩散大。文章还提出水沿断裂扩散是水库诱发地震的直接原因。水力扩散大的断裂,水库诱发地震的可能性大,规模大而活的断裂诱发地震的震级可能大。     

ENSO循环的数值模拟──Ⅰ:水平结构演变

利用发展的包含海洋表面边界展和大气辐合反馈过程的热带太平洋海气耦合距平模式，对ＥＮＳＯ循环进行了模拟。通过３０ａ积分，用合模式所展示的热带太平洋海气耦合系统的ＥＮＳＯ循环的水平结构演变特征和观测事实甚为一致，成功地模拟出了ＥＮＳＯ循环的冷暖态的发生发展、衰亡及相互转换等各个位相的动力和热力场的水平结构及其对季节循环的依赖性特征。本文数值模拟结果表明，ＥＮＳＯ循环的主要动力学过程可由热带海气相互作用系统自身所确定。ＥＮＳＯ循环的正确模拟是揭示其形成机制的前提。     

A posteriori local error estimation and adaptive time-stepping for newmark integration in dynamic analysis

A simple a posteriori local error estimate for Newmark time integration schemes in dynamic analysis is presented, based on the concept of a so called ‘post-processing’ technique. In conjunction with the error estimate, an adaptive time-stepping algorithm is described, which adjusts the time step size so that the local error of each time step is within a prescribed error tolerance. Numerical examples given in the paper indicate that the error estimate is asymptotically convergent, computationally efficient and convenient, and the adaptive time-stepping scheme can predict a nearly optimal step size from time to time, thus making the numerical solution reliable in an efficient manner.     

聚煤盆地富煤规律研究综述及展望

聚煤盆地富煤规律是煤地质学研究之焦点。富煤规律研究的突出进展主要包括聚煤模式、富煤带和富煤单元以及现代泥炭比较沉积学研究。尤其是近年来富煤单元和现代泥炭比较沉积学研究更清楚地揭示煤赋存规律与成因煤相和工艺煤相之间的内在联系,从而为聚煤盆地优质煤的预测提供有效的方法。     

GIS-based hazard mapping and zonation of debris flows in Xiaojiang Basin,southwestern China

Debris flow sites were identified at 140 locations in the Xiaojiang Basin in Yunnan province, southwestern China. Their spatial distribution and catchment characteristics are described in detail on the basis of previous research, air photo interpretation, field investigation and mapping using Geographical Information Systems (GIS). Using a statistical approach, a quantitative model of hazards assessment and zonation was developed through synthesis analysis of basin areas, gradients, and the relative reliefs of these debris flow sites. In terms of debris flow hazard assessment, areas within the Xiaojiang Basin can be classified as severe, heavy and light hazard regions.     

Statistical Properties of the Highest Pulses in Gamma-Ray Bursts

We study the statistical properties of the highest pulses within individual gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). A wavelet package analysis technique and a developed pulse-finding algorithm have been applied to identify the highest pulses from burst profiles observed by BATSE on board CGRO from 1991 April 21 to 1999 January 26. The statistical light curves of the highest pulses in four energy channels have been derived by an aligning method, which illustrate the temporal evolution of the pulse emission. Our result that narrower pulses go with higher energies is consistent with previous findings. By normalizing both the pulse durations and counts to unity, “characteristic” profiles of the highest pulses in the four channels are also derived. The four characteristic profiles are turned out to be almost the same, thus strongly support the previous conclusion that the temporal profiles in different energy channels are self-similar and the previous conjecture on GRB pulses, implying that the emission process is similar at different energies. The cosmological time dilation effect is examined by investigating the relationship between the pulse flux and pulse duration. An anti-correlation between the two was found, which agrees with the expectation of the cosmological time dilation effect. Also, the evolution of the pulse duration with the observational epoch is studied. The result shows that the pulse duration tends to be shorter in later epochs. This trend cannot be explained by the present theoretical models, and may represent a great challenge to current theories.     

磺化层柱状有机膦酸锆的合成及催化反应研究

在氢氟酸溶液中,混合亚磷酸、4,4’-联苯二膦酸和锆离子反应生成4,4’-联苯二膦酸锆／亚磷酸锆（简称MCZP）,改变有机酸和亚磷酸的比例,可以合成具有相同组分但结构不同的一系列化合物。通过磺化反应,在苯环上接上磺酸基团后,它具有类似强酸性阳离子交换树脂特性．该文首次对这类化合物催化酯化、醚化等典型的酸催化有机反应进行了研究,结果表明其催化转化率高、催化剂可重复使用和再生,是一种很有发展前途的新型固体酸催化剂．     

双水相萃取法富集分离螺旋藻藻蓝蛋白的研究

以PEG／硫酸钠双水相体系,经一次萃取从钝顶螺旋藻（Spirulina platensis）细胞破碎液中富集分离藻蓝蛋白。结果表明,萃取最适宜的条件为12％PEG4000,15％Na2SO4,1％KCl,藻蓝蛋白收率为91．2％,分配系数达到8．01,分离因数达到6．33。对于螺旋藻藻蓝蛋白的富集分离,双水相萃取法与传统的盐析沉淀法相比,具有节省操作时间、简化操作过程、降低能耗和成本以及易于工艺放大等优点。     

从集集地震看建筑物震害与地震动参数的关系

本文根据9．21台湾集集大地震中南投县、台中县、台北县和苗栗县的建筑物震害调查资料确定出这4个主要受害地区的平均震害指数,然后义计算出这4个地区的地震动峰值加速度、峰值速度、峰值谱加速度、峰值谱速度、峰值谱位移的平均值。将这些均值分别与平均震害指数进行基于最小二乘法的线性回归,发现峰值速度和震害指数有非常好的相关性,相关系数接近1．0,而峰值加速度与震害指数相关性只有0．8,这说明地震动峰值速度能够体现地震动对脆性结构的破坏势,与以往将不同次地震的记录和资料混淆在一起研究而获得峰值加速度与震害有很好相关性形成了对比。