东海陆架表层沉积物微生物多样性初步研究

提要从东海陆架DH-13站点的表层沉积物中提取环境基因组DNA,通过PCR和TA克隆构建了细菌和古菌的16SrDNA基因文库,并对克隆子文库进行系统发育分析。结果表明:细菌序列以变形菌门(Proteobacteria,41.5%)居多,其次是浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes,10.9%)、放线菌门(Actino-bacteria,8.9%)和CFBgroup(7.9%),另外还有少量酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、疣微菌门(Verru-comicrobia)、硝化螺旋菌门(Nitrospira)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)等;古菌序列全部来自泉古生菌门(Crenarchaeota),其中Marine Crenarchaeotic Group Ⅰ(MGⅠ,93.6%)是绝对优势菌,还有少量序列属于Miscellaneous Crenarchaeotic Group(MCG)、Marine BenthicG roup C(MBGC)和Marine Benthic Group A(MBGA)。文库多样性分析结果显示东海陆架表层沉积物中有着丰富多样的微生物群落,细菌的多样性更为显著。     

Expressed sequence tag analysis and cloning of trehalose-6-phosphate synthase gene from marine alga Laminaria japonica (Phaeophyta)

A high quality cDNA library was constructed from the brown alga Laminaria japonica,with the titer of 1.2×10 5 pfu/ml.The average insert size of the cDNA library is about 1.6 kb.From the cDNA library,591 cDNA clones were randomly selected and sequenced.As a result,574 EST(expressed sequence tag) sequences were generated.All of the 574 ESTs were submitted to the dbEST database section of GenBank with the accession numbers from CX942625 to CX943198.The cDNA library was screened with a α-32 p labeled 453 bp T P S gene probe,which is a partial sequence yielded from Porphyra yezoensis.Four positive cDNA clones were screened and the sequencing data showed that these four cDNA clones covered majority of L.japonica TPS cDNA sequence.After PCR amplification,sequencing and assembling,the entire ORF(open reading frame) sequence of the T P S gene was obtained,which was named LjTPS.LjTPS encodes a protein containing 908 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 101 674 Daltons.The LjTPS gene was successfully expressed in E.coli and rice.The LjTPS gene has potential application both in plant breeding to stress tolerance and in deciphering the T P S gene function and mechanism to stress tolerance.     

面向网络的海洋研究通用信息平台中的设计模式

海洋研究通用信息平台的开发是1个复杂的系统工程,其中订制流程的创建和执行,以及适用于海洋用户的可视化类库设计在整个软件体系结构中占有重要地位.结合海洋研究领域需求的特点,以面向对象设计模式为基础,研究并实现‘系列解决这些问题的框架.这些框架明确各层之间的纵向和横向关系,通过统一的抽象接口进行通信,降低层次之间的耦合度.实验表明,该框架的建立对提高软件重用度、增强系统的可扩展性和可维护性等都有重要意义.     

Water losses in arid and semi-arid zone: Evaporation, evapotranspiration and seepage

The primary purpose of this study was to assess water losses by evapotranspiration, evaporation and seepage in arid zone.Normally, evaporation and seepage are the main causes of water losses.For modeling water losses,a combination of Genetic Programming(GP),Penman-Monteith(PM) and Penman combination model for measurement of evapotranspiration,evaporation and seepage has been developed.The results were found to be varying depending on how the evaporation and seepage phenomena are modeled.These results show that that there is an improvement in reducing evapotranspiration,evaporation and seepage losses in arid and semi-arid region.     

青藏高原东缘山地古冰川沉积物磁化率特点及其影响因素分析

湖泊、黄土与古土壤、深海沉积物等连续沉积体的磁化率变化作为环境变化的替代性指标被广泛应用,然而对于非连续、能够反映特定时段气候变化的沉积体,如冰川沉积物的磁化率却较少涉及.本文通过对青藏高原东缘8 个典型冰川发育山地冰碛物磁化率进行研究,并与黄土、湖泊、深海沉积物以及不同区域的表土磁化率进行对比,采用质量磁化率和频率磁化率探讨冰碛物的磁化率特点及其影响因素.结果表明：青藏高原东缘山地的冰碛物质量磁化率呈宽幅波动,介于(3.01~1808.80)×10^-8 m³·kg^-1,平均值147.84×10^-8 m³·kg^-1;频率磁化率值较低、且波动幅度小,介于0~6.89%,平均值为1.37%.不同时空条件下冰碛物的磁化率特点不同,即不同地点同一冰期磁化率的差异显著;同一地点不同冰期冰碛物的磁化率变化不明显.影响冰碛物磁化率的主导因素是母岩的岩性条件,气候因素起次要作用.     

Plant Species Richness Affected Nitrogen Retention and Ecosystem Productivity in a Full‐Scale Constructed Wetland

The effects of plant species richness (SR; i.e., 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 species per plot) on substrate nitrate and ammonium retention and ecosystem productivity in a full‐scale constructed wetland (CW) with high nitrogen (N) input were studied. Substrate nitrate (0.1–16.4 mg kg^?1) and ammonium concentrations (1.3–9.2 mg kg^?1) in this study were higher than those in other comparable biodiversity experiments. Substrate nitrate concentration significantly increased while ammonium concentration significantly decreased with the increase of plant SR (p = 0.008 and 0.040, respectively). The response of ecosystem productivity to increasing SR was unimodal with four species per plot achieving the greatest productivity. Transgressive overyielding, which was compared to the most productive of corresponding monocultures, did not occur in most polycultures. We conclude that substrate N retention was enhanced by plant SR even with high N input, and plant SR could be managed to improve the efficiency of N removals in CWs for wastewater treatment.     

黑龙江省东北部街津口-抚远地区花岗闪长斑岩的锆石U-Pb定年及其地质意义

报导了黑龙江省东北部街津口-抚远地区花岗闪长斑岩中的锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果,以限定该区花岗闪长斑岩的形成时代及其构造属性。花岗闪长斑岩中的锆石多呈自形-半自形晶,振荡环带发育,Th/U值主要为0.31～1.23,指示其岩浆成因。对岩浆锆石的定年结果表明,这些花岗闪长斑岩均形成于晚白垩世（90.2～94.8 Ma）,而非前人认为的晚印支期。结合研究区及其邻区同时代火成岩的组合特征和古太平洋板块的构造演化历史,认为黑龙江省东北部街津口-抚远地区晚白垩世花岗闪长斑岩形成于古太平洋板块向东亚大陆俯冲的构造背景,该期岩浆事件标志着古太平洋板块正向俯冲作用的开始。     

辽河东部地区页岩气成藏地质条件

页岩气主要是以吸附相和游离相同时赋存于泥岩及其夹层中的天然气。辽河东部地区包括东部凹陷和东部凸起,历经基底和陆块形成阶段、地台发育阶段、裂谷发育阶段和坳陷发育阶段,是一个典型的改造型的叠合盆地。辽东地区发育多套烃源岩,它们各自具有独立性。这些烃源岩不仅为常规油气藏提供物质基础,也是页岩气成藏及勘探的主要对象。综合分析可知,东部地区有3 套页岩具备页岩气成藏条件,生烃条件优越,页岩厚度大,有机质丰度高。泥岩储集性能良好,微孔、微裂缝发育,脆性矿物含量较高,利于后期压裂改造。对储层含气性进行测试可知,古近系中的页岩气以游离态为主,东部凸起则以吸附态为主;因此东部凸起古生界页岩气对构造保存条件要求相对低。东部凹陷古近系热演化程度低,页岩气以游离态为主,且页岩油气共生,保存条件较好。对东部地区进行优选可知： 中生界3井区,东部凹陷青龙台地区、桃园、黄于热地区是页岩气勘探有利区;东部凸起佟3井区、王参1井南部井区是近期页岩气勘探的首选地区。     

山东1736年来逐季降水重建及其初步分析

于清代雨雪档案记载及现代农业气象与气象观测记录 ,根据降水入渗的土壤物理学模型与水量平衡模型 ,恢复了山东济南、泰安、潍坊、菏泽、临沂等 5个地区 1 736～ 1 91 0年逐季降水量 ,建立了各站 1 736～ 2 0 0 0年的逐季降水序列。初步分析结果表明 ,山东各站间的季节降水变化具有较高的相关性与一致性。 1 761～ 1 770年、 1 781～ 1 790年、1 791～ 1 80 0年、 1 80 1～ 1 81 0年、 1 981～ 1 990年等 5个年代的降水明显偏少 ,1 861～ 1 870年、1 871～ 1 880年、 1 881～ 1 890年、 1 90 1～ 1 91 0年等 4个年代则明显偏多。其变化总趋势可概括为 :1 8世纪中前期 ,山东降水相对较多 ;1 8世纪中期起进入少雨期 ;1 9世纪中后期转为多雨期 ;1 9世纪末至 2 0世纪初 ,降水明显减少 ,再次进入相对少雨期 ;2 0世纪 60年代中期以后 ,降水又一次降至较低水平。 1 990年起 ,山东降水有所回升 ,重新进入了相对多雨期。