合肥某建筑基坑中更新统粘土中构造节理的发现及特征初析

本文通过对合肥某建筑基坑揭露的中更新世晚期粘土中构造节理进行详细调查编录,分别采集各期节理充填物,进行年代测定和节理发生年代分析,并辅之节理充填物定向显微分析,结果显示中更新世晚期,该地形成多组切割关系清晰的构造节理,反映研究区段、时段曾多次发生构造事件.这一发现和认识对于丰富合肥地区中晚第四纪之交期间变形历史和研究内...     

2010年1月12日海地 Mw7.0地震InSAR同震形变观测及同震滑动分布反演

2010年1月12日GMT时间21时53分,在海地境内(72.57°W,18.44°N)发生了Mw7.0地震.文中利用干涉合成孔径雷达(InSAR)方法获得了覆盖整个震区的高精度形变观测资料,用以研究该地震的发震机理.采用ALOs PALSAR数据,分析了轨道、大气等误差源对干涉信号的影响,最终获得了雷达视线向(LOS...     

Characteristics of Quasi-Periodic Oscillations During Sea Fog Events

Based on the high-resolution datasets collected in a sea fog field experiment at the northern coast of South China Sea, the variations of liquid water content (LWC) and net longwave radiation flux (NLRF) during two sea fog events on 16th-17th and 18th-19th March, 2008 are exaimeed by wavelet analysis, and the cooling mechanisms for fog formation and persistence are also investigated. The main results are shown as follows. (1) Sea fog may develop and persist whether it is cloudy or not aloft. However, when there is cloud aloft the LWC is less and wind speed in sea fog is higher than that in the clear sky. (2) The quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) of NLRF are observed in the formation stage of the two fogs. QPOs of LWC are only found in the developing stage no matter with cloudless or cloudy condition. (3) It is likely that sea fog forms by the cooling effects of longwave radiation and develops through the vertical mixing induced by the radiative cooling at the upper level. (4) During sea fog development and persistence, other mechanisms could also play important roles in fog-layer cooling, such as turbulent heat transport and radiation transport between air-sea interfaces.     

Asymmetric rainband breaking in Typhoon Haitang (2005) before and after its landfall

Using the WRF (Weather Research Forecast) model, this work performed analysis and simulation on the rainband change during the landfall of Typhoon Haitang (2005) and found that breaking may occur over land and oceans leads to distinct asymmetric precipitation. The breaking is related to the topographic effect as well as interactions between the typhoon and midlatitude systems at upper levels. During the landfall, divergent flows at the 200-hPa level of the South-Asian high combined with divergent flows at the periphery of the typhoon to form a weak, inverted trough in the northwest part of the storm, with the mid- and low-level divergence fields on the west and northwest side of the typhoon center maintaining steadily. It intensifies the upper-level cyclonic flows, in association with positive vorticity rotating counterclockwise together with air currents that travel stepwise into a vorticity zone in the vicinity of the typhoon core, thereby forming a vorticity transfer belt in 22–25? N that extends to the eastern part of the storm. It is right here that the high-level vorticity band is subsiding so that rainfall is prevented from developing, resulting in the rainbelt breaking, which is the principal cause of asymmetric precipitation occurrence. Migrating into its outer region, the banded vorticity of Haitang at high levels causes further amplification of the cyclonic circulation in the western part and transfer of positive vorticity into the typhoon such that the rainband breaking is more distinct.     

基于ICESat轨道交叉点分析的东南极Lambert-Amery系统当前高程变化特征分析

南极冰盖物质平衡仍然是全球海平面变化估计的最大不确定因素.本文使用2003～2007年ICESat/GLAS获取的高精度冰盖测高数据,利用我们开发的高精度高程变化提取程序,首次获取了东南极最大冰流系统-Lambert-Amery地区在ICESat卫星轨道交叉点处的高程变化序列.依据冰川动力学原理,对该流域进行详细划分,...     

长江入海口浅层沉积物中典型有机氯农药分布特征

对长江入海口包括江苏启东,上海崇明岛、长兴岛、横沙岛等地区的浅层沉积物中典型有机氯农药(OCPs)的分布情况进行了研究。采用气相色谱-电子捕获检测器进行检测,方法检出限为0.10 ng/g,回收率为62.4%～116.7%,精密度(RSD)为2.7%～8.3%。调查分析结果显示,长江入海口沿岸均存在轻度和中度的OCPs污染,主要检出物总滴滴涕(DDTs)浓度范围为1.22～626.43 ng/g。深度(0～80 cm)采样检测结果表明,研究区表层及深度样品中DDTs均有不同程度检出,浅层沉积物中DDTs在0～20 cm区域占检出总量的58.1%;其次是20～40 cm区域,DDTs占总量的30.8%;40～60 cm区域DDTs占总量的8.2%;60～80 cm区域DDTs占总量的2.9%,即浅层沉积物中DDTs主要集中在0～40 cm区域,部分点位40～80 cm能够检出少量DDTs。本研究提供的数据为该地区OCPs垂直分布提供参考。     

太湖水量平衡影响因素分析及误差控制措施研究

本文在搜集2001~2008年太湖水量平衡中各个计算要素的基础上,分析计算太湖水量平衡的绝对误差及相对误差。究其原因,误差产生的影响因素主要有测验手段、风浪、巡测线内的产流、农业用水等。根据对影响因素分析,本文有针对性地提出了误差控制措施,重点是要加强测验手段及频次,从而减小水量平衡误差,为太湖水量分配方案提供更加精准的数据基础和依据。     

XSD-296树脂对铼(Ⅶ)的吸附性能及机理

用化学分析和红外光谱研究了XSD-296树脂吸附和解吸铼的性能及机理。结果表明,树脂对Re(Ⅶ)的吸附在pH=3.2的HAc-NaAc缓冲溶液中最佳,静态饱和吸附容量为330.4 mg/g树脂,等温吸附服从Freun-dlich经验式,吸附速率常数k298=3.83×10-4/s。用2.0 mol/L硫氰酸铵溶液或2.0 mol/L高氯酸溶液作解吸剂能定量洗脱。吸附机理表明,树脂功能基与Re(Ⅶ)发生了配位键合。     

源外斜坡区断裂对油气聚集与分布的控制作用研究——以松辽盆地尚家油田扶余、杨大城子油层为例

尚家油田扶余、杨大城子油层原油主要来自三肇凹陷青一段源岩,是三肇凹陷青一段源岩生成的油经T2源断裂向扶余、杨大城子油层倒灌运移后,再在浮力作用下沿断裂配合的砂体连通侧向运移的结果。针对尚家油田扶余、杨大城子油层油水分布关系复杂,油成藏运移过程中主要受活动性断裂控制的特点,将尚家地区断裂在源岩的大量生排烃期划分出继承性活动断裂和未发生活动的遮挡断裂,并建立活动性断裂控制断裂两盘储层砂岩对接侧向输导油的运移模式。揭示出活动性断裂控制断裂两盘砂岩对接控制油侧向运移至尚家油田扶余、杨大城子油层各断块中,运移过程中遇到遮挡断层圈闭或是断层岩性圈闭油会在其中聚集成藏,运移过程停止,这种运移模式使得油在构造高部位分布具有复杂性和随机性,且这些特性随着油源区的远离而加剧,而扩大了油在纵向上的分布层位,油在靠近油源区的断块的上部层位注入并聚集起来,为正常的上油下水的油水系统,而远离油源区的断块下部层位也可富集油气,可出现两套或是多套的油水系统,油水分布复杂;而远离油源区的圈闭油气聚集时期早于靠近油源区的圈闭油气聚集时期,同一断块上部层位油气的聚集时期早于下部层位油气的聚集时期。     

三门湾近五十年来富营养化的沉积记录

沿海(特别是河口港湾)富营养化已成为当前海洋环境的一个突出问题.以人类活动影响下的典型海湾--三门湾为研究对象,对三门湾湾内(SM-3)及湾口(SM-17)沉积物柱状样品进行研究,采用210Pb对SM-17沉积柱进行年代测定,建立年代标尺.通过对两个沉积柱多化学指标变化特征(有机碳、总氮、总磷和生物硅分布特征、生源要素...