黔北务正道地区早二叠世铝土矿成矿模式*

黔北务正道(务川—正安—道真)地区,早二叠世沉积型铝土矿形成于黔北平原近海的一个半封闭海湾环境,冰期低海平面时期与中扬子海湾分离成为滨岸湖泊,间冰期高海平面时期与中扬子海湾连通。古地理单元可分为黔北平原、滨岸平原、滨岸湿地和半封闭海湾等单元。准同生和后期含矿岩系的暴露、淋滤是铝土矿形成的主要控制因素。土状及半土状铝土矿(包括土状及半土状的碎屑和豆鲕矿石)是含矿岩系准同生和后期暴露期间淋滤而成的,而致密状矿石是没有经过淋滤或弱淋滤形成的。碎屑状铝土矿是盆地内部泥裂破碎再沉积形成的;豆鲕状矿石是盆地内部胶体凝聚而成的。务正道铝土矿的动态成矿模式表明铝土矿主要形成于两次准同生淋滤期,因此铝土矿找矿应重点选择滨岸湿地、具有明显淋滤作用发育的地区。     

蓝晶石族矿物的应用研究现状和趋势

综合评述了国内外蓝晶石族矿物资源开发应用及研究的现状，问题和趋势，并建议（１）加强应用基础研究；（２）重视超细粉的应用；（３）开展该族矿物节能效果的比较研究；（４）优先发展蓝晶石和红柱石；（５）开发高档新材料；（６）在制品生产或应用中直接制取莫来石；（７）利用空晶石结构研究区域变质作用历史。     

全国热带气旋降水量的初步气候分析

利用1949—2009年热带气旋降水资料分析了全国热带气旋降水的时空分布特征。结果表明,全国各地区热带气旋降水的空间分布很不均匀,大致呈现东南—西北向的梯度分布,东南沿海地区降水量最大,西北内陆地区最小。另外,地形对降水的空间分布也有影响,例如东南沿海和山脉迎风坡的地形作用尤为显著。此外,比较不同年份的热带气旋降水的空间分布特征,有很多相似之处,如随经纬度的变化趋势,降水最大中心位置等。热带气旋降水具有比较明显的年代变化和显著的年际震荡。年代变化表现为20世纪50—60年代为大幅增加的过程,60—80年代降水总量基本维持,80年代后期降水呈现明显的震荡趋势。     

中国地区云对地气系统长波射出辐射（OLR）强迫的气候研究

本文利用地球辐射平衡试验（ERBE）和国际卫星去气候计划（ISCCP）提供的地气系统长波射出辐射（OLR）和云量资料，计算半讲座了我国各季和年平均去量对地气系统OLR的强迫及其所产生的温室效应，结果表明：我国各季的OLR云强迫与总云量，高云量都有较好的相关，且季节变化明显；OLR云强迫和云温室效应的地理分布受云量和云状的影响较大，它们的年变化一般呈弱双峰型，峰值在春，夏季出现。     

中国大气净辐射的气候特征

根据ＥＲＢＥ和ＩＳＣＣＰ资料以及实测和计算和地表净辐射资料进行了计算，并讨论了我国大气净辐射的气候特征；分析了其与各辐射分量及影响因子的关系。结果表明，大气净辐射与大气吸收波辐射有很高的线性关系，并可由此建立起统一的大气净辐射计算式。     

青藏高原晴天太阳直接辐射的计算和分析

本文根据1979年5～8月青藏高原气象科学实验资料,研究了利用卡斯特洛夫公式计算青藏高原晴天太阳直接辐射的有关问题。首先从原始资料中挑选出晴天太阳直接辐射并计算其日平均辐照度,然后以此为标准,利用迭代法反求可能太阳直接辐射日平均辐照度理论公式中的系数C,建立该系数与平均水汽压的经验公式,再利用经验式反演晴天太阳直接辐射。本文还比较了由乌克兰英采夫法确定的可能太阳直接辐射与实际晴天太阳直接辐射的差异,证实前者要比后者偏大,其偏离程度随站点拔海高度增加而缩小。文中最后讨论了青藏高原晴天太阳直接辐射日平均辐照度的地理分布,并分析了其随拔海高度的变化。     

平流层爆发性增温动力机制的初步研究

本文用一个β平面纬向通道非绝热准地转的三层模式,研究平流层爆发性增温的动力机制.根据平均场对扰动的影响、扰动对平均场的影响以及平流层和对流层相互作用的解析表达式,得出有利于爆发性增温有关的自由行波异常增幅的大气条件.主要包括对流层的强感热交换、强切变和平流层的小静力稳定度. 模式大气的纬向平均温度和纬向风场变化都只由扰动热输送引起.整个增温过程按其产生、发展和消失的不同机制可分成三个时期:增温前期、增温盛期和增温后期.这些机制可以大致说明一些爆发性增温期间平流层和对流层大气环流出现异常以及随后又恢复到正常     

Dynamics of local extreme rainfall of super Typhoon Soudelor (2015) in East China

The characteristics and dynamics associated with the distribution, intensity, and triggering factors of local severe precipitation in Zhejiang Province induced by Super Typhoon Soudelor (2015) were investigated using mesoscale surface observations, radar reflectivity, satellite nephograms, and the final (FNL) analyses of the Global Forecasting System (GFS) of the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). The rainfall processes during Soudelor’s landfall and translation over East China could be separated into four stages based on rainfall characteristics such as distribution, intensity, and corresponding dynamics. The relatively less precipitation in the first stage resulted from interaction between the easterly wind to the north flank of this tropical cyclone (TC) and the coastal topography along the southeast of Zhejiang Province, China. With landfall of the TC in East China during the second stage, precipitation maxima occurred because of interaction between the TC’s principal rainbands and the local topography from northeastern Fujian Province to southwestern Zhejiang Province. The distribution of precipitation presented significant asymmetric features in the third stage with maximal rainfall bands in the northeast quadrant of the TC when Soudelor’s track turned from westward to northward as the TC decayed rapidly. Finally, during the northward to northeastward translation of the TC in the fourth stage, the interaction between a mid-latitude weather system and the northern part of the TC resulted in transfer of the maximum rainfall from the north of Zhejiang Province to the north of Jiangsu Province, which represented the end of rainfall in Zhejiang Province. Further quantitative calculations of the rainfall rate induced by the interaction between local topography and TC circulation (defined as “orographic effects”) in the context of a one-dimensional simplified model showed that orographic effects were the primary factor determining the intensity of precipitation in this case, and accounted for over 50% of the total precipitation. The asymmetric distribution of the TC’s rainbands was closely related to the asymmetric distribution of moisture resulted from changes of the TC’s structure, and led to asymmetric distribution of local intense precipitation induced by Soudelor. Based on analysis of this TC, it could be concluded that local severe rainfall in the coastal regions of East China is closely related to changes of TC structure and intensity, as well as the outer rainbands. In addition, precipitation intensity and duration will increase correspondingly because of the complex interactions between the TC and local topography, and the particular TC track along large-scale steering flow. The results of this study may be useful for the understanding, prediction, and warning of disasters induced by local extreme rainfall caused by TCs, especially for facilitating forecasting and warning of flooding and mudslides associated with torrential rain caused by interactions between landfalling TCs and coastal topography.