全文获取类型
收费全文 | 327篇 |
免费 | 51篇 |
国内免费 | 87篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 30篇 |
大气科学 | 114篇 |
地球物理 | 54篇 |
地质学 | 166篇 |
海洋学 | 53篇 |
天文学 | 1篇 |
综合类 | 18篇 |
自然地理 | 29篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 10篇 |
2022年 | 20篇 |
2021年 | 14篇 |
2020年 | 17篇 |
2019年 | 15篇 |
2018年 | 13篇 |
2017年 | 12篇 |
2016年 | 18篇 |
2015年 | 16篇 |
2014年 | 14篇 |
2013年 | 19篇 |
2012年 | 17篇 |
2011年 | 11篇 |
2010年 | 12篇 |
2009年 | 9篇 |
2008年 | 14篇 |
2007年 | 12篇 |
2006年 | 8篇 |
2005年 | 9篇 |
2004年 | 3篇 |
2003年 | 13篇 |
2002年 | 9篇 |
2001年 | 10篇 |
2000年 | 18篇 |
1999年 | 9篇 |
1998年 | 12篇 |
1997年 | 15篇 |
1996年 | 14篇 |
1995年 | 16篇 |
1994年 | 13篇 |
1993年 | 10篇 |
1992年 | 13篇 |
1991年 | 9篇 |
1990年 | 6篇 |
1989年 | 12篇 |
1988年 | 6篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 7篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有465条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
361.
Aizhong Ye Qingyun Duan John Schaake Jing Xu Xiaoxue Deng Zhenhua Di Chiyuan Miao Wei Gong 《水文研究》2015,29(10):2438-2453
For water supply, navigational, ecological protection or water quality control purposes, there is a great need in knowing the likelihood of the river level falling below a certain threshold. Ensemble streamflow prediction (ESP) based on simulations of deterministic hydrologic models is widely used to assess this likelihood. Raw ESP results can be biased in both the ensemble means and the spreads. In this study, we applied a modified general linear model post‐processor (GLMPP) to correct these biases. The modified GLMPP is built on the basis of regression of simulated and observed streamflow calculated on the basis of canonical events, instead of the daily values as is carried out in the original GLMPP. We conducted the probabilistic analysis of post‐processed ESP results falling below pre‐specified low‐flow levels at seasonal time scale. Raw ESP forecasts from the 1980 to 2006 periods by four different land surface models (LSMs) in eight large river basins in the continental USA are included in the analysis. The four LSMs are Noah, Mosaic, variable infiltration capacity and Sacramento models. The major results from this study are as follows: (1) a modified GLMPP was proposed on the basis of canonical events; (2) post‐processing can improve the accuracy and reduce the uncertainty of hydrologic forecasts; (3) post‐processing can help deal with the effect of human activity; and (4) raw simulation results from different models vary greatly in different basins. However, post‐processing can always remove model biases under different conditions. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
362.
With the concept of generalized plasticity, a constitutive model for describing the deformation behavior of sandstone is proposed in this paper. This proposed model is characterized by the following features: (i) nonlinear elasticity under hydrostatic and shear loading; (ii) associated flow rule for pre‐peak simulation; (iii) substantial plastic deformation during shear loading; and (iv) significant shear dilation and distortion prior to the failure state. This model requires 10 material parameters, including three for elasticity and seven for plasticity. All of the parameters can be determined, in a straightforward manner, by the suggested procedures. The proposed model has been validated by comparing the triaxial test results of the Mushan sandstone under different hydrostatic stress, different stress paths, and cyclic loading condition. It is also versatile in simulating the deformation behaviors of two other sandstones. Upon slight modification of the model, the post‐peak behavior of sandstone can be reasonably predicted using proposed model. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
363.
The nonlinear version of the mixed spectral finite difference model of atmospheric boundary-layer flow over topography is
reviewed. The relations between the stability of the iteration scheme and its relaxation parameter are discussed. Suitable
choice of the relaxation factor improves the computational stability on terrain with maximum slope up to 0.5 or 0.6 in certain
circumstances. Examples of relatively high slope terrain are used to test the stability. A two-dimensional version of the
model is considered. More detailed simulations are studied and analyzed for a comparison with wind-tunnel flow over periodic
sinusoidal surfaces. An application on real topography is given for Bolund hill in Roskilde, Denmark. 相似文献
364.
365.
366.
By using the climatological calculating method for each component of slope surface net radiation proposedby the authors,calculations and analyses are done of the distribution features of slope net radiation in Chinawith emphasis on the discussion of variations of slope net radiation in typical stations and sites with slope direc-tion,slope,latitude and season.The distribution features of net radiation on the north and south slopes are,for the first time,mapped and discussed,revealing the great difference on the national basis,and thus acquiringa new interesting result that the negative-value area of winter net radiation on the north slope(20°)can reachYunnan and Guizhou Provinces and middle and upper reaches of the Changjiang River. 相似文献
367.
An established climatic calculation scheme for estimating the components of surface radiation budget is conducted at 223 stations throughout the country.The spatial patterns of net radiation (NR) and its components suggest that the high-value belt is steadily situated over the Yarlung Zangbo Basin in the southern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and over the eastern Inner Mongolian Plateau,with the low-value belt over Sichuan-Guizhou mountainous temain.The pattern changes a little with the transition of seasons.Temporally,the NR's annual changes,especially its maximizing month,are closely related to the coming of rainy season.The relative computation emor is 2.7% for global radiation (GR).4.0% for surface albedo(SA),9.4% for effective radiation (ER),and 8.9% for NR. 相似文献
368.
In this paper we consider temperature (% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9% vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x% fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGafuiMdeLbae% baaaa!377B!\[\bar \Theta \]) and specific humidity (% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9% vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x% fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGabmyuayaara% aaaa!36DA!\[\bar Q\]) fields in the lower part of the planetary boundary layer and present a method for calculating the way these variables and their fluxes vary over changes in available surface moisture expressed as a surface resistance. Near the surface, the turbulence is close to equilibrium and an eddy diffusivity model enables the changes in (% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9% vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x% fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGafuiMdeLbae% baaaa!377B!\[\bar \Theta \]), % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9% vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x% fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGabmyuayaara% aaaa!36DA!\[\bar Q\], sensible heat flux (% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9% vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x% fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGabmOrayaara% WaaSbaaSqaaiaadIeaaeqaaaaa!37C8!\[\bar F_H \]), and latent heat flux (% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9% vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x% fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGabmOrayaara% WaaSbaaSqaaiaadweaaeqaaaaa!37C5!\[\bar F_E \]) to be determined in terms of the assumed mean wind, turbulence profiles and upwind profiles of temperature and humidity. An important advantage of this method is that it is possible to consider arbitrary changes in surface properties. 相似文献
369.
370.