软碰撞、叠覆造山和多旋回缝合作用

软碰撞是指陆块间,主要是微陆块间的弱碰撞。软碰撞后,陆块间尚未焊合,处于"联而不合"的状态。在新的构造阶段,这些陆块间又可再一次挤压和地壳缩短,发生大陆壳的消减造山作用,使一个大陆的大陆壳叠覆在另一个大陆的大陆壳之上,这就是陆一陆叠覆造山作用。东亚诸陆块在古生代软碰撞后,曾长期处于"联而不合"的状态,只有再经过华为西、印支、燕山多旋回的陆-陆叠覆和走滑-挤压造山作用之后,它们才在动力学上最终焊合为一体,即经历了多旋回的缝合作用才合为一体。     

大气垂直运动方程若干问题讨论

本文对大气垂直运动方程的尺度分析和小量可否忽略重新进行了讨论，认为如同存在水平地转平衡一样，在大气垂直方向应当存在垂直地转平衡。并提出在大气垂直方向可能存在更高阶平衡：一级平衡为静力平衡，二级平衡为静力偏差和垂直柯氏力的垂直地转平衡，可能还存在第三级平衡，即垂直地转偏差和重力异常的平衡，最后，重力异常偏差的最级有可能与大气行星波垂直加速度和引潮力垂直分量已处于同一量级。     

一些硫化物矿物的晶体形貌学研究

论述了辰砂、雄黄、雌黄、辉锑矿、辉铋矿、毒砂、车轮矿、钽锰矿８种矿物的晶体形貌。文中所提供的全部形态测量结果是按Ｖ．Ｇｏｌｄｓｃｈｍｉｄｔ方法严格测量的新资料。     

裂隙含流体、气体各向异性介质波场数值模拟

由目前普遍被勘探地震工作者承认的Ｈｕｄｓｏｎ本构方程出发，首先讨论了裂隙含流体、气体各向异性介质一维二、三分量波动方程，然后用有限元方法进行了波场数值模拟。该研究有益于加深对地震波在裂隙含流体、气体各向异性介质中传播规律的认识。     

Newly recorded bloom-forming dinoflagellate Gymnodinium impudicum in Haizhou Bay,Yellow Sea,China

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology - With the development of industrialization and aquaculture in Jiangsu and Shandong Provinces along the South Yellow Sea coast, China, eutrophication has greatly...     

渤中19-6潜山构造带凝析油中轻烃地球化学特征及意义

为了明确渤海湾盆地渤中19-6大气田的地化特征和成因,选取研究区潜山凝析气藏7个凝析油样品进行全油色谱分析,剖析其轻烃组成特征,探讨轻烃参数在该区的地质应用.结果表明:渤中19-6凝析油的Mango轻烃参数K₁和K₂值相对稳定,表明研究区原油成因类型基本一致.C₆~C₈组成中正构烷烃具显著优势,甲基环己烷指数平均为39%;庚烷值与异庚烷值,正庚烷/甲基环己烷（F）比值较高,反映它们较高成熟度;轻烃参数计算原油生成温度为125.8~128.1 ℃,其相对偏低,可能与取样过程中凝析油的相态变化有关;2-甲基戊烷/3-甲基戊烷,2-甲基己烷/3-甲基己烷比值高,K₂值低;凝析油正构烷烃摩尔浓度呈三段式分布,甲苯/正庚烷和原油蜡含量随深度而增加.结合饱和烃参数以及金刚烷参数揭示渤中19-6潜山油气为湖相腐泥Ⅱ₁型母质在高成熟阶段（Ro=1.05%~1.30%）的产物,气藏形成后发生一定程度分馏造成油气组分调整.      

针对致密砂岩气储层复杂孔隙结构的岩石物理模型及其应用

针对致密砂岩气储层复杂的微观孔隙结构进行岩石物理建模,在模型中比较了单一孔隙纵横比、双孔隙模型两种表征孔隙结构的表征方式。岩石物理正演分析表明,两种孔隙结构模型均可解释致密砂岩复杂的速度-孔隙度关系。岩石物理反演结果表明,双孔隙模型对测井横波速度的预测精度更高,说明该模型更适用于表征研究区致密砂岩的孔隙结构,反演的软孔比例参数能够反映地层中孔隙结构的非均匀分布。应用双孔隙模型计算致密砂岩地层岩石骨架的弹性模量,与Krief及Pride等传统经验公式相比,该方法考虑了岩石骨架模量与矿物基质、孔隙度和孔隙结构等微观物性因素的关系,理论上更具有严谨性。对致密砂岩骨架模量计算结果的分析表明,少量微裂隙的存在即能够显著影响致密砂岩骨架的弹性性质,同时孔隙空间中的球形孔隙是致密气的主要赋存空间。并且,通过致密砂岩骨架弹性模量,进一步计算了可用于地层评价的Biot系数等岩石物理参数。致密砂岩骨架模量的预测结果可为Gassmann流体替换理论、BISQ孔隙弹性介质理论等岩石物理方法提供关键参数。     

动态实时洪水风险分析及管理系统

当前洪水风险分析按照典型设计标准洪水进行计算的模式难以满足实际防洪管理需要,为了提高洪水风险分析的实时性以及适应洪水演进的动态性,设计了动态实时洪水风险分析框架。在本框架中,先采用一维和二维动态耦合水动力学数值方法耦合溃堤模型,然后在樵桑联围防洪保护区建立洪水演进模拟模型,通过灵活处理模型计算边界条件以及动态设置溃堤功能,计算不同设计标准洪水发生时,堤防出现单一溃口或者组合溃口后保护区内洪水演进过程。按照上述框架开发了樵桑联围动态实时洪水风险图编制与管理应用系统,并利用历史洪水资料开展模型验证,验证结果表明,2008-06洪水马口站、三水站、大熬站、甘竹（一）站的实测最高水位和模型计算最高水位的绝对误差分别为-0.10、0.10、0.09、0.04 m,均满足洪水模拟精度要求。利用模型计算了西江发生200年一遇的洪水情况下,江根堤防出现溃口后的洪水流量及溃口内外洪水水位变化过程,模拟溃口宽度168 m,最大溃口洪水流量达到5 190 m³,分析了堤防溃决后3、6和24 h洪水漫延导致村落淹没情况,结果表明其满足合理性分析。     

近5年青海省植被覆盖变化的遥感监测

This paper used five years （2001-2006） time series of MODIS NDVI images with a 1-km spatial resolution to produce a land cover map of Qinghai Province in China. A classification approach for different land cover types with special emphasis on vegetation, especially on sparse vegetation, was developed which synthesized Decision Tree Classification, Supervised Classification and Unsupervised Classification. The spatial distribution and dynamic change of vegetation cover in Qinghai from 2001 to 2006 were analyzed based on the land cover classification map and five grade elevation belts derived from Qinghai DEM. The result shows that vegetation cover in Qinghai in recent five years has been some improved and the area of vegetation was increased from 370,047 km^2 in 2001 to 374,576 km^2 in 2006. Meanwhile, vegetation cover ratio was increased by 0.63%. Vegetation cover ratio in high mountain belt is the largest （67.92%） among the five grade elevation belts in Qinghai Province. The second largest vegetation cover ratio is in middle mountain belt （61.80%）. Next, in the order of the decreasing vegetation cover ratio, the remaining grades are extreme high mountain belt （38.98%）, low mountain belt （25.55%） and flat region belt （15.46%）. The area of middle density grassland in high mountain belt is the biggest （94,003 km^2）, and vegetation cover ratio of dense grassland in middle mountain belt is the highest （32.62%）, and the increased area of dense grassland in high mountain belt is the greatest （1280 km^2）. In recent five years the conversion from sparse grass to middle density grass in high mountain belt has been the largest vegetation cover variation and the converted area is 15931 km^2.     

萨拉乌苏河流域高分辨率的沙丘砂常量元素分布指示的全新世寒冷事件

The components of the primary elements in the dune sands for the MGS1 subsection of the Milanggouwan section in the Salawusu River valley, compared with those of modern dune sands, show that they were caused by East Asian winter monsoon in the Mu Us desert during Holocene. The examined ages for the 11 layers of dune sands, based on the average sedimentary rate, are： 0 to 960, 1350-2240, 2470 to 3530, 4000 to 4180, 4290 to 4350, 4380 to 4760, 5040 to 5920, 6570 to 8270, 9020 to 9700, 9880 to 10160 and 10580 to 11080 a BP, respectively. The climatic events indicated by these dune sands are consistent with those records in the Huguangyan volcanic lake, Zoige peat bog, Hulu cave and Dunde ice core, particularly with the climatic fluctuations of the North Atlantic since 11 000 a BP. Among them, patterns from B0 to B8 correspond to the peak values of 0MD, 2D, 4D, 6D＋8D＋10D, 12D, 14D, 16D, 18D and 20D respectively. It might be caused by the North Atlantic ice age induced by the heat circulation, which strengthened the polar high pressure and Siberian-Mongolian high pressure and further led to the dominance of the winter monsoon over China＇s desert area.