河北省崇礼幅1∶50 000矿产地质图数据库

根据《固体矿产地质调查技术要求(1∶50 000)》(DD 2019-02)和行业其他规范要求,完成河北省崇礼幅1∶50 000专项地质填图379.93 km²、矿点检查11处,采集水系沉积物样品1622件、重力测量物理点1623个,测试锆石U-Pb年龄样3组、流体包裹体样80余件,系统编制了河北省崇礼幅1∶50 000矿产地质图,并建立了数据库。突出了对燕山期岩浆岩和相关脉岩、碱性杂岩体和谷嘴子岩组、矿化蚀变等相关成矿信息的表达,厘定了崇礼幅中太古代、新太古代的变质深成侵入体,划分了海西期、印支期、燕山期的岩浆岩建造类型,划分了张家口组火山岩的7个建造类型、谷嘴子岩组变质岩的3个建造类型,系统总结了该区金矿的成矿地质体、成矿构造及成矿结构面、成矿作用特征标志。该数据库为该区金矿的找矿工作提供了基础数据支撑,对金矿目标层地质信息和构造建造信息的提取提供了便利条件,对今后矿产勘查部署具有一定的参考价值。     

基于原型模板形状匹配的建筑多边形化简

在大比例地图综合中,建筑多边形的形状化简占有很大的比重,本文用形状数来描述建筑多边形的形状,通过形状数间的最小编辑距离在动态模板库中匹配相似的模板,用匹配成功的模板来置换原要素而实现建筑多边形的化简。实验证明,基于形状数的建筑物形状相似性匹配结果与人的视觉感知基本一致;基于形状匹配的建筑物化简方法具有很强的实用性。     

EGM96和EGM2008地球重力场模型计算弹道扰动引力的比较

给出了利用地球重力场模型计算扰动引力以及重力场模型截断误差的公式,计算了36阶、360阶、2 160阶地球重力场模型在径向和水平方向的截断误差,并对36阶、360阶的EGM96和EGM2008重力场模型计算的弹道扰动引力矢量进行了分析和比较.结果表明,采用重力场模型计算扰动引力时,模型阶数和弹道点的高度越低,模型截断误差越大;EGM96和EGM2008模型的一致性随着模型阶数的升高而逐渐降低.总体来看,EGM2008模型的精度要好于EGM96模型.     

Application of Spectral Decomposition to Detection of Fracture-Cavity Carbonate Reservoir Beds in the Tahe Oiifieid, Tarim Basin, NW China

Ordovician fracture-cavity carbonate reservoir beds are the major type of producing formations in the Tahe oilfield, Tarim Basin. The seismic responses of these beds clearly changes depending on the different distance of the fracture-cavity reservoir bed from the top of the section. The seismic reflection becomes weak or is absent when the fracture-cavity reservoir beds are less than 20 ms below the top Ordovician. The effect on top Ordovician reflection became weaker with deeper burial of fracture-cavity reservoir beds but the developed deep fracture-cavity reservoir beds caused stronger reflection in the interior of the Ordovician. This interior reflection can be divided into strong long-axis, irregular and bead string reflections, and was present 80 ms below the top Ordovician. Aimed at understanding reflection characteristics, the spectral decomposition technique, which uses frequency to ＂tune-in＂ bed thickness, was used to predict Ordovician fracture-cavity carbonate formations in the Tahe oilfield. Through finely adjusting the processing parameters of spectral decomposition, it was found that the slice at 30 Hz of the tuned data cube can best represent reservoir bed development. Two large N-S-trending strong reflection belts in the mid-western part of the study area along wells TK440- TK427-TK417B and in the eastern part along wells TK404-TK409 were observed distinctly on the 30 Hz slice and 4-D time-frequency data cube carving. A small N-S trending reflection belt in the southern part along wells T403-TK446B was also clearly identified. The predicted reservoir bed development area coincides with the fracture-cavities connection area confirmed by drilling pressure testing results. Deep karst cavities occur basically in three reservoir bed-development belts identified by the Ordovician interior strong reflection. Spectral decomposition proved to be a useful technique in identifying fracture-cavity reservoir beds.     

中国北方晚中生代陆相盆地红-黑岩系耦合产出对砂岩型铀矿成矿环境的制约

为研究中国北方陆相盆地红层-黑色岩系对砂岩型铀成矿的制约,文章研究了国内外红-黑岩系与砂岩型铀矿赋存岩层的时空关系,筛选了10万余m岩心钻探资料,选择准噶尔、鄂尔多斯和松辽盆地这3个典型产铀盆地,通过编制盆地钻孔柱状图、典型地区连井剖面图及关键岩层的地球化学测试等方法,对红-黑岩系和砂岩型铀矿的赋存岩层进行了垂向、横向上综合分析与对比。研究发现:北方陆相盆地自西向东铀矿赋存地层的时代由中侏罗世过渡到晚白垩世;晚中生代至少存在6次大规模的富氧红层沉积事件:Ⅰ中侏罗世—晚侏罗世早期(BathonianOxfordian),Ⅱ早白垩世早中期(Berriasian-Barremian),Ⅲ早白垩世中期(Barremian),Ⅳ晚白垩世早期(Cenomanian),Ⅴ晚白垩世中期(Coniacian)和Ⅵ晚白垩世晚期(Campanian)。其中第Ⅰ、Ⅴ和Ⅵ期红层之下沉积了时代相近的黑色层,与之构成"红-黑岩系"的沉积结构,是北方砂岩型铀成矿的3个重要层位。典型盆地内地球化学表明,红层与黑色层的B、Sr和Cu元素含量及Fe~(2+)/Fe~(3+)、B/Ga、Sr/Cu和FeO/MnO比值具有明显的差异,结合黑色岩层中草莓状黄铁矿、碳屑、油斑和红层中碳酸盐岩的发育,认为红层为相对较强氧化环境,黑色层为相对较还原环境。连井剖面资料显示红层、黑色层与砂岩型铀矿空间关系密切,铀矿多产于红层与黑色层之间过渡带上,呈板状矿体赋存于灰色、绿灰色砂岩和细砂岩中。一般红层与黑色层垂向距离超过500 m不利于成矿。晚中生代陆相盆地内耦合产出的黑色岩系和红色岩系是古沉积环境由还原向氧化转变形成的垂向分带,前者为铀矿物质沉淀提供了"障",后者为表生流体溶解铀矿提供了"场"。文章初步提出了红-黑岩系垂向环境变化制约着北方陆相盆地砂岩型铀大规模成矿作用的新认识。这些认识不仅对砂岩型铀矿成矿环境、成矿规律及成矿模式研究具有重要意义,更对目前正在开展的砂岩型铀矿勘查工作具有实践指导意义。     

基于惯性系原理的动基座粗对准及其性能影响因素分析

捷联惯导系统(strapdown inertial navigation system,SINS)在进行导航解算前需要粗对准提供初始姿态角,载体受多种因素影响和制约,在微幅晃动或运动状态下,需要进行动基座粗对准.从惯性系对准原理出发,讨论了基于比力和速度矢量的两种动基座粗对准解算方案,分析了位置误差、速度误差、杆臂误差...     

1958～2018年永定河流域蒸发皿蒸发量的变化特征及其影响因子分析

基于永定河流域1958～2018年14个气象站的逐日观测数据,采用气候倾向率、Mann–Kendall趋势检验法分析蒸发皿蒸发量时空变化特征,并通过完全相关系数和多元回归分析识别气候因子与蒸发量的相关程度并定量计算其贡献率.结果表明:在全球气候变暖的背景下,60年来永定河流域气温以0.29°C/10 a的速率上升,而蒸...     

塔北隆起古生代构造样式和构造反演

塔北隆起是塔里木盆地的主要含油气区,笔者利用地震剖面解释和平衡剖面技术对塔北隆起构造变形和构造演化进行了研究.塔北隆起构造变形存在明显的构造差异,西部英买力地区主要发育盖层滑脱式逆冲断层褶皱和y型压扭断层,而其东部主要发育基底卷入式逆断层及断层传播褶皱和反冲断层构造.造成塔北隆起东、西构造样式差异的机理主要有两点:一是东部地区对震旦纪一早奥陶世正断层在后期挤压作用下反转,二是英买力地区中寒武统盐层的发育.塔北隆起地区古生代构造演化也存在着一定的差异,塔北隆起东部震旦纪一早奥陶世发育大型正断层构造,而英买力地区为稳定碳酸盐岩台地;晚奥陶世至泥盆纪,塔北隆起东部牙哈断层发生反转,轮台凸起隆升,而英买力地区位于隆起的斜坡部位;石炭纪至二叠纪,塔北隆起东部大规模抬升,剥蚀严重,出露变质基底,英买力地区接受强烈的变形作用,主要发育盖层滑脱式逆断层和褶皱构造.     

Carbon pools and fluxes in the China Seas and adjacent oceans

The China Seas include the South China Sea, East China Sea, Yellow Sea, and Bohai Sea. Located off the Northwestern Pacific margin, covering 4700000 km~2 from tropical to northern temperate zones, and including a variety of continental margins/basins and depths, the China Seas provide typical cases for carbon budget studies. The South China Sea being a deep basin and part of the Western Pacific Warm Pool is characterized by oceanic features; the East China Sea with a wide continental shelf, enormous terrestrial discharges and open margins to the West Pacific, is featured by strong cross-shelf materials transport; the Yellow Sea is featured by the confluence of cold and warm waters; and the Bohai Sea is a shallow semiclosed gulf with strong impacts of human activities. Three large rivers, the Yangtze River, Yellow River, and Pearl River, flow into the East China Sea, the Bohai Sea, and the South China Sea, respectively. The Kuroshio Current at the outer margin of the Chinese continental shelf is one of the two major western boundary currents of the world oceans and its strength and position directly affect the regional climate of China. These characteristics make the China Seas a typical case of marginal seas to study carbon storage and fluxes. This paper systematically analyzes the literature data on the carbon pools and fluxes of the Bohai Sea,Yellow Sea, East China Sea, and South China Sea, including different interfaces(land-sea, sea-air, sediment-water, and marginal sea-open ocean) and different ecosystems(mangroves, wetland, seagrass beds, macroalgae mariculture, coral reefs, euphotic zones, and water column). Among the four seas, the Bohai Sea and South China Sea are acting as CO_2 sources, releasing about0.22 and 13.86–33.60 Tg C yr~(-1) into the atmosphere, respectively, whereas the Yellow Sea and East China Sea are acting as carbon sinks, absorbing about 1.15 and 6.92–23.30 Tg C yr~(-1) of atmospheric CO_2, respectively. Overall, if only the CO_2 exchange at the sea-air interface is considered, the Chinese marginal seas appear to be a source of atmospheric CO_2, with a net release of 6.01–9.33 Tg C yr~(-1), mainly from the inputs of rivers and adjacent oceans. The riverine dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) input into the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea, East China Sea, and South China Sea are 5.04, 14.60, and 40.14 Tg C yr~(-1),respectively. The DIC input from adjacent oceans is as high as 144.81 Tg C yr~(-1), significantly exceeding the carbon released from the seas to the atmosphere. In terms of output, the depositional fluxes of organic carbon in the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, East China Sea, and South China Sea are 2.00, 3.60, 7.40, and 5.92 Tg C yr~(-1), respectively. The fluxes of organic carbon from the East China Sea and South China Sea to the adjacent oceans are 15.25–36.70 and 43.93 Tg C yr~(-1), respectively. The annual carbon storage of mangroves, wetlands, and seagrass in Chinese coastal waters is 0.36–1.75 Tg C yr~(-1), with a dissolved organic carbon(DOC) output from seagrass beds of up to 0.59 Tg C yr~(-1). Removable organic carbon flux by Chinese macroalgae mariculture account for 0.68 Tg C yr~(-1) and the associated POC depositional and DOC releasing fluxes are 0.14 and 0.82 Tg C yr~(-1), respectively. Thus, in total, the annual output of organic carbon, which is mainly DOC, in the China Seas is 81.72–104.56 Tg C yr~(-1). The DOC efflux from the East China Sea to the adjacent oceans is 15.00–35.00 Tg C yr~(-1). The DOC efflux from the South China Sea is 31.39 Tg C yr~(-1). Although the marginal China Seas seem to be a source of atmospheric CO_2 based on the CO_2 flux at the sea-air interface, the combined effects of the riverine input in the area, oceanic input, depositional export,and microbial carbon pump(DOC conversion and output) indicate that the China Seas represent an important carbon storage area.     

持久性有机污染物在森林生态系统中的环境行为研究

持久性有机污染物(POPs)具有环境持久性和半挥发性, 可以在区域及全球范围内传输和分布。森林植被和林下土壤富含有机质, 森林生态系统因此成为POPs主要的储存库之一。植被叶片可快速吸附大气POPs, 并通过叶片凋落、雨水冲刷和干沉降等过程加强或加速大气POPs 向地面的沉降, 并使森林土壤成为POPs 的“汇”, 从而形成所谓的“森林过滤效应”, 进而影响POPs 在全球的分布。进入森林的POPs 在森林生态系统中将经历一系列的环境过程。本文简要介绍了森林过滤效应的特征和影响因素, 综述了叶片对大气POPs 的吸附、叶片凋落和干湿沉降、POPs 在土壤中的迁移和损失等3 个主要环境过程的研究进展, 报道了松针、树皮和苔藓作为被动采样器反映的森林POPs空间分布趋势。最后, 提出了森林POPs研究中亟待解决的科学问题, 并指出未来中国森林POPs研究的可能方向。